Download Ch. 2 Human Body Study Guide

The Human Body Ch. 2 Fill-In Notes
2-1 The Skeletal System
The five functions of the skeletal system are:
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________________
The 26 small bones that make up the backbone are called ______________________________.
The Structure of Bones

An outer ___________________________________ covers the bone.

A layer of __________________________________ bone is underneath.

Small _____________________________ run through the compact bone carrying blood
vessels and nerves.

______________________ bone is found at the ends and just inside the compact bone.

_________________________ is the soft tissue that fills the internal spaces in bone. It
produces _______________________________________________________________.
The Human Body Ch. 2 Fill-In Notes
How Bones Form

_________________________ is connective tissue that is more flexible than bone.

As a person grows, most cartilage is replaced by ___________________________.
Joints of the Skeleton
____________________________: A place in your body where 2 or more bones come together.
________________________________________: Allow little or no movement.
List the 4 types of Moveable Joints:
1. ________________________________________ Ex: shoulder or hip
2. ________________________________________ Ex: knee or elbow
3. ________________________________________ Ex: neck
4. ________________________________________ Ex: wrist or ankle
________________________________: Strong connective tissue that holds together the bones
in a moveable joint.
Taking Care of Your Bones

To keep your bones healthy, eat a ___________________________________ diet with
enough ____________________________ and _________________________________
and get plenty of regular ________________________________________.

________________________________________________: A condition in which the
body’s bones become weak due to mineral loss and, therefore break easily.
The Human Body Ch. 2 Fill-In Notes
2-2 Diagnosing Bone & Joint Injuries
Common Skeletal System Injuries
_________________________________: A break in a bone.
_________________________________: An injury in which the ligaments holding bones
together are stretched too far & tear.
_________________________________: An injury in which a bone comes out of its joint.
X-Rays – A Look Inside the Body
____________________________: A form of energy that travels in waves that can pass through
some living tissue, but not through bone.
Drawbacks of x-rays:
1. Cannot be used to view injuries of ___________________________________________.
2. The energy in x-rays can damage ____________________________________________.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
___________________________: A method for taking clear images of both the bones and soft
tissues of the body.
Advantages of MRI:
1. _______________________________________________________________________.
2. _______________________________________________________________________.
3. _______________________________________________________________________.
Disadvantage of MRI: ___________________________________________________________
The Human Body Ch. 2 Fill-In Notes
Arthroscopy

Inserting a slim _____________________________ into a small incision of a joint to see
what’s wrong.

After a diagnosis, tiny ________________________________ are inserted into a 2 nd
incision to make the repairs.
Preventing Skeletal System Injuries

Preventative measures:
1. ________________________________ before exercising.
2. Wearing appropriate ___________________________________________.
3. Exercising in _______________________________ places.
The Human Body Ch. 2 Fill-In Notes
2-3 The Muscular System
Muscle Action

_________________________________: Muscles that are not under conscious control.

_________________________________: Muscles that are under conscious control.
Types of Muscles

________________________________: A muscle that is attached to the bones of the
skeleton; are sometimes called striated muscle; are voluntary muscles; react quickly but
also tire quickly.

________________________________: Strong connective tissue that attaches a muscle
to a bone.

________________________________: Involuntary muscle found inside many internal
organs of the body; are not striated; react more slowly and tire more slowly.

________________________________: Muscle found only in the heart; is involuntary;
is striated; does not tire (can contract repeatedly).
Muscles at Work

Because muscle cells can only ___________________________ not extend,
___________________________ muscles must work in pairs.

While one muscle contracts, the other muscle in the pair _________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
The Human Body Ch. 2 Fill-In Notes
Taking Care of Your Skeletal Muscles

______________________________ is important to maintain muscle.

In order to protect your muscles & tendons you should ___________________________
before exercise and wear _________________________________.

Strained or pulled muscles, overstretched or torn tendons, & muscle cramps are all
types of___________________________________________________.
2-4 The Skin
The skin is the largest _______________________________ in the human body.
The Body’s Tough Covering
List 7 functions o f the skin:
1. ________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________________
4. ________________________________________________________________________
5. ________________________________________________________________________
6. ________________________________________________________________________
7. ________________________________________________________________________
The Human Body Ch. 2 Fill-In Notes
The Epidermis
_______________________________________: The outermost layer of the skin; thin and does
not have nerves or blood vessels.

Epidermal ___________________________ move upward as new cells form beneath
them; dead cells at the surface of the skin are shed.

Protects the body by cushioning _______________________________________,
carrying away ______________________________________ when shedding dead cells,
producing a pigment called _________________________________ which gives skin its
color and helps protect the skin from burning.
The Dermis
The dermis is the ______________________ layer of the skin.

It contains: ______________________________, _______________________________,
_____________________________________, _________________________________
& _____________________________________.

____________________________________: An opening through which sweat reaches
the surface of the skin.

____________________________________: Structure in the dermis of the skin from
which a strand of hair grows.
Caring for Your Skin
1. _____________________________ properly – your skin’s activities require energy.
2. Drink enough ______________________________
3. Limit _________________________________ - to protect your skin from cancer and
early aging.
4. Keep skin _________________________ & _____________________ to prevent acne &
athlete’s foot.