Download Ch. 14 Study Guide Key

Ch. 14 Study Guide Key
1. What is the process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable? homeostasis
2. What structure directs the activities of a cell? nucleus
3. Messages are carried back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body by which tissue?
nervous
4. Which organ system makes blood cells? skeletal
5. Which type of human body tissue can contract, or shorten? muscle
6. List the functions of the skeleton? Protects, shapes, movement, vitamin D, storage
7. Much of a newborn baby’s skeleton is made of what type of tissue? And what is it called? cartilage
8. The spaces in bones are filled with a thick fluid called? Bone marrow
9. What kind of motion is possible with a hinge joint? Up and down or forward and backward
10. By eating dairy products, you are helping to maintain healthy bones because they provide what
nutrients? Calcium and phosphorus
11. Which type of muscle is found only in the heart? cardiac
12. Which type of muscle tires quickly during exercise? skeletal
13. How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together? One contracts while the other relaxes
14. Why do skeletal muscles work in pairs? Muscle tissue only contracts, it cannot push
15. Why is exercise important for muscles? Strength and flexibility
16. How does the skin protect the body from disease? Keeps germs out
17. How does the skin help regulate body temperature? Sweating or shivering
18. Washing your skin helps prevent what type of skin problem? acne
19. Nerves and blood vessels in the skin are located in which layer of the skin? dermis
20. The bones that form the backbone are called? vertebra
21. Beneath the compact bone there is a layer of bone called? spongy
22. How does the pigment melanin help the skin? Protects it from sun
23. What is a strong connective tissue that holds movable joints together? ligaments
24. No matter the temperature around you, your internal body temperature will remain at what degree? 37°C
25. Which type of tissue lines your digestive tract (internal organ system)? smooth
26. A group of organs join to form which level of body organization? Organ systems
27. How does muscle tissue work to move muscles? One contracts while the partner relaxes
28. What can upset homeostasis of the body and mind? stress
29. How can we keep bones healthy? Healthy diet and exercise
30. What minerals do bones contain that makes them strong and hard? calcium
31. What type of involuntary muscle moves food through the digestive tract? smooth
32. How can we keep and maintain healthy skin? Healthy diet, keeping it clean, limit sun exposure
33. What protects the delicate tissue of the brain? skull
34. Which layer of skin contains nerves and blood vessels? dermis
35. As an infant grows, what replaces the cartilage? bone
36. What is the connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone? tendons
37. What vitamin does the skin produce? Vitamin D
38. What skin disease can be prevented or reduced by a lack of sun exposure? Skin cancer
39. What connective tissue holds bones together? ligaments
40. What should we do to protect our skin from sun damage? sunscreen
41. What type of joint is found in your wrist? gliding
42. Identify the joints and tell me where they are found in the body, and what motion they allow. 477
A = Hinge (elbow and knee)
B = Pivot (neck)
C = Ball and Socket (Shoulder and Hip
D = Fixed (skull)
E = Gliding (wrist and ankle)
43. Identify the muscles and tell me where they are found and what they control. 483
A = Cardiac (Heart controls heartbeat)
B = Smooth (lines internal structures)
C – Skeletal (attached to bones)