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Ch. 14 Study Guide Key 1. What is the process by which an organism’s internal environment is kept stable? homeostasis 2. What structure directs the activities of a cell? nucleus 3. Messages are carried back and forth between the brain and other parts of the body by which tissue? nervous 4. Which organ system makes blood cells? skeletal 5. Which type of human body tissue can contract, or shorten? muscle 6. List the functions of the skeleton? Protects, shapes, movement, vitamin D, storage 7. Much of a newborn baby’s skeleton is made of what type of tissue? And what is it called? cartilage 8. The spaces in bones are filled with a thick fluid called? Bone marrow 9. What kind of motion is possible with a hinge joint? Up and down or forward and backward 10. By eating dairy products, you are helping to maintain healthy bones because they provide what nutrients? Calcium and phosphorus 11. Which type of muscle is found only in the heart? cardiac 12. Which type of muscle tires quickly during exercise? skeletal 13. How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together? One contracts while the other relaxes 14. Why do skeletal muscles work in pairs? Muscle tissue only contracts, it cannot push 15. Why is exercise important for muscles? Strength and flexibility 16. How does the skin protect the body from disease? Keeps germs out 17. How does the skin help regulate body temperature? Sweating or shivering 18. Washing your skin helps prevent what type of skin problem? acne 19. Nerves and blood vessels in the skin are located in which layer of the skin? dermis 20. The bones that form the backbone are called? vertebra 21. Beneath the compact bone there is a layer of bone called? spongy 22. How does the pigment melanin help the skin? Protects it from sun 23. What is a strong connective tissue that holds movable joints together? ligaments 24. No matter the temperature around you, your internal body temperature will remain at what degree? 37°C 25. Which type of tissue lines your digestive tract (internal organ system)? smooth 26. A group of organs join to form which level of body organization? Organ systems 27. How does muscle tissue work to move muscles? One contracts while the partner relaxes 28. What can upset homeostasis of the body and mind? stress 29. How can we keep bones healthy? Healthy diet and exercise 30. What minerals do bones contain that makes them strong and hard? calcium 31. What type of involuntary muscle moves food through the digestive tract? smooth 32. How can we keep and maintain healthy skin? Healthy diet, keeping it clean, limit sun exposure 33. What protects the delicate tissue of the brain? skull 34. Which layer of skin contains nerves and blood vessels? dermis 35. As an infant grows, what replaces the cartilage? bone 36. What is the connective tissue that attaches muscles to bone? tendons 37. What vitamin does the skin produce? Vitamin D 38. What skin disease can be prevented or reduced by a lack of sun exposure? Skin cancer 39. What connective tissue holds bones together? ligaments 40. What should we do to protect our skin from sun damage? sunscreen 41. What type of joint is found in your wrist? gliding 42. Identify the joints and tell me where they are found in the body, and what motion they allow. 477 A = Hinge (elbow and knee) B = Pivot (neck) C = Ball and Socket (Shoulder and Hip D = Fixed (skull) E = Gliding (wrist and ankle) 43. Identify the muscles and tell me where they are found and what they control. 483 A = Cardiac (Heart controls heartbeat) B = Smooth (lines internal structures) C – Skeletal (attached to bones)