Download Study Guide 2016-17 DNA

DNA/Protein Synthesis Study Guide
Review all Vocabulary words and understand all warm ups for this unit.
1) Briefly list the main contributions that each of the following scientists made towards our
understanding of DNA:
a) Griffith:
d) Chargaff
b) Avery:
e) Watson & Crick
c) Hershey & Chase:
2) Name the two types of nucleic acids:
3) Explain the difference between covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds and peptide bonds.
4) Name the three parts of a nucleotide and label them on a drawing of a DNA subunit below:
Draw a single RNA subunit. Make sure to label the following: one nucleotide, nitrogenous base,
sugar, phosphate group, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds.
5) Which above parts make up the DNA’s “backbone”? Which part actually codes for the genetic
information (Hint: what part is different from one nucleotide to another)?
6) List all the DNA base pairs and RNA base pairs. Which bases pair up for each type?
7) Create a Venn Diagram that shows the ways RNA and DNA are different and how they are the
same. (at least 4 different statements two same statements)
8) In the process of DNA replication, what are the two main functions of DNA polymerase enzyme?
9) Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?
10) Where in the cell does DNA replication occur?
Transcription?
Translation?
11) Explain the central dogma of Biology. What does DNA actually code for (Hint: what is made from
the DNA code during translation?)
12) List, draw & describe the 3 types of RNA. Briefly explain the function of each type of RNA.
13) Explain what a codon and anticodons are & which molecules they are part of.
14) Describe the process of transcription. What are the functions of RNA polymerase?
15) Describe translation. What is made at the end of translation?
16) What are introns & exons?
What molecule are they part of?
Which codes for current genetic information and so moves to the cytoplasm?
17) What is a mutation?
a. List and describe the 3 main types of mutations that occur in in the genetic code (DNA)
b. Name and briefly describe how mutations at the gene level can happen
c. Name and briefly describe how mutations at the chromosomal level can happen
18) Be able to replicate a strand of DNA. Be able to convert DNA to mRNA to Amino acids. (page 303)
DNA strand:
TAC GCT GAT CAT ACT
RNA strand:
Amino Acids:
19) What are Hox genes and what do they code for?
20) Briefly explain the process of gene regulation:
21) What happens during cellular differentiation?
22) What are stem cells? What can they do that differentiated cells cannot?