Download SECTION 8 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM This system consists of

SECTION 8 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
This system consists of the heart (cardi/o) and blood vessels (vascular). It is this system
that allows blood to travel through the body. The heart works as a pump to keep the blood
moving. It is one of the strongest organs in the human body.
Word Elements (We will first look at some of the word elements that might be used in this
system. Listen as each word element is being pronounced. Practice these word elements
several times before going on to the next section.)
an- means without or not
an
angi/o (an’ je o) means blood or lymph vessel
angio
anti- (an ti or an te) means against
anti
arteri/o (ar te re o) means artery
arterio
ather/o (ath er o) means yellowish plaque or fatty substance
athero
bas/o (ba so) means bottom or lowest part
baso
brady- (brad e) means slow
brady
cardi/o (kar de o) means heart
cardio
coron/o (kor o no) means heart
corono
cyt/o (si to) means cell
cyto
dys- (dis) means bad, labored, painful, difficult
dys
ech/o (ek’ o) means sound
echo
-ectomy (ek’ to me) means surgical removal, cutting out, excision
ectomy
electr/o (e lek tro) means relating to electricity or electric
electro
-emia (e me a) means blood condition
emia
end/o (en do) means within or inside
endo
eosin/o (e o sin o) means rose-colored
eosino
epi- (ep i) means upon, over, at, in addition to, after
epi
erythr/o (e rith ro) means red
erythro
fibrill/o (fi bril o) means muscular twitching
fibrillo
fibrin (fi’ brin) means fiber
fibrin
-gram (gram) means record or image
gram
-graphy (graf e) means the procedure of recording or writing
graphy
hemat/o (he ma to or hem a to), hem/o (he mo) means blood
hemato, hemo
isch/o (is ko) means suppress, restrain or hold back
ischo
-itis (i’ tis) means inflammation
itis
leuk/o (lu ko) means white
leuko
-lysis (li’ sis) means dissolution, decomposition, destruction, separation, setting free
lysis
macr/o (mak ro) means large or long
macro
megal/o (meg a lo) means great size
megalo
my/o (mi o) means muscle
myo
neutr/o (nu tro) means neither or neutral
neutro
-osis (o sis) means condition, status, process
osis
-penia (pe ne a) means decrease or deficiency
penia
peri- (per e) means around, about, surrounding
peri
phag/o (fag o) means eating or swallowing
phago
phil (fil) means love for or tendency towards
phil
phleb/o (fleb o) means vein
phlebo
-plasty (plas te) means surgical repair or surgical correction
plasty
pro- (pro) means in front of or before
pro
-rrhagia (ra’ je a) means abnormal discharge or bursting forth
rrhagia
scler/o (skle ro) means hard, sclera, white of eye
sclero
sept/o (sep to) means partition or infection
septo
-stasis (sta’ sis) means stop or control
stasis
tachy (tak e) means fast, rapid, swift
tachy
thromb/o (throm bo) means clot
thrombo
valvulo (val vu lo) means valve
valvulo
vas/o (vas o) means vessel
vaso
ven/o (ve no, ven o) means vein
veno
Cardiovascular System Words
aneurysm (an’ u rizm) is an abnormal ballooning out of a blood vessel, usually an artery
aneurysm
angioplasty (an’ je o plas” te) is the surgical correction or repair of a blood vessel
angi/o means blood vessel
-plasty means surgical repair or surgical correction
angioplasty
aortic valve (a or’ tik) is the valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta that
prevents regurgitation of blood back into the left ventricle
aortic valve
arrhythmia (a rith’ me a) is the irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also
referred to as dysrhythmia (dis rith me ah)
arrhythmia
arteriosclerosis (ar te” re o skle ro’ sis) is the condition where arteries become hardened
and lose their elasticity
arteri/o means artery
scler means hard
-osis means condition
arteriosclerosis
atria (a’ tre a) is the plural form for the upper chambers of the heart; atrium (a’ tre um) is
the singular form
atri/o means upper chamber
atria
bradycardia (brad” e kar’ de a) is a slow heartbeat usually under 60 beats per minute
brady- (brad e) means slow
cardia (kar de ah) means heart
bradycardia
carditis (kar di’ tis) is the inflammation of the heart
card means heart
-itis means inflammation
carditis
dysrhythmia (dis rith’ me a) is the irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also
referred to as arrhythmia (a rith’ me a)
dys- means bad, labored, difficult
dysrhythmia
echocardiogram (ek” o kar’ de o gram”) is the graphic recording of the heart produced by
ultrasound
ech/o means sound
cardi/o means heart
-gram means record or image
echocardiogram
embolism (em’ bo lizm) is the obstruction of a blood vessel caused by a foreign object such
as a clot
embolism
endarterectomy (end” ar ter ek’ to me) means the surgical removal of an artery lining
end means inside
arter means artery
-ectomy means surgical removal
endarterectomy
endocardium (en” do kar’ de um) means the interior lining of heart
end/o means inside
card means heart
-ium means pertaining to
endocardium
epicardium (ep” i kar’ de um) is the outermost layer of the heart
epi- means upon, over
card means heart
-ium means pertaining to
epicardium
fibrillation (fi” bril a’ shun) means formation of fibers
fibrillation
hemorrhage (hem’ e rij) is a severe, abnormal discharge of blood
hem/o means blood
rrhage means to burst forth
hemorrhage
hemostasis (he mos’ ta sis) means the stopping of blood flow or bleeding
hem/o means blood
-stasis means to stop or control
hemostasis
ischemia (is ke’ me a) is the temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction
isch- means to hold back
-emia means blood condition
ischemia
leukemia (lu ke’ me a) is the progressive increase of abnormal white blood cells
leuk/o means white
-emia means blood condition
leukemia
leukopenia (lu” ko pe’ ne a) means a decrease in the number of white blood cells
leuk/o means white
-penia means decrease or deficiency
leukopenia
mitral valve (mi’ tral) is the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
mitral valve
myocardial infarction (mi o kar’ de al in fark’ shun) is the partial or complete occlusion of
one or more coronary arteries
my/o means muscle
cardi means heart
-al means pertaining to
myocardial infarction
myocardium (mi o kar’ de um) is the middle layer of the heart
my/o means muscle
cardium means pertaining to the heart
myocardium
pericardium (per” i kar’ de um) is the sac that encloses the heart
peri- means about, around
cardium means pertaining to the heart
pericardium
phlebitis (fle bi’ tis) is the inflammation of a vein
phleb/o means vein
-itis means inflammation
phlebitis
pulmonary valve (pul’ mo ne re) is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary
artery
pulmon/o means lung
pulmonary valve
septum (sep’ tum) is the wall dividing two cavities; there are many different septums found
in the body, here are just a few: atrial septum; intermuscular septum; nasal septum; and
ventricular septum
sept/o means partition
septum
tachycardia (tak” e kar’ de a) refers to rapid heart action
tachy- means rapid or fast
cardia means pertaining to the heart
tachycardia
thrombocytopenia (throm” bo si” to pe’ ne a) is the decrease in the number of blood
platelets
thromb/o means to clot
cyt/o means cell
-penia means decrease or deficiency
thrombocytopenia
thrombophlebitis (throm” bo fle bi’ tis) is the inflammation of a vein with a blood clot
present
thromb/o means to clot
phleb/o means vein
-itis means inflammation
thrombophlebitis
tricuspid valve (tri kus’ pid) is the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
valvuloplasty (val’ vu lo plas” te) refers to the surgical repair of a valve
valvul/o means valve
-plasty means surgical repair or correction
valvuloplasty
varicose veins (var’ i kos vanz) are enlarged and twisted superficial veins
varicose veins
ventricle (ven’ trik l) is the lower chamber of the heart on either side; the plural form is
ventricles
ventricle
This ends the section on the Cardiovascular System. If you have any questions, please ask
your instructor for further clarification or refer to your textbook. You should repeat this
section as many times as you feel is necessary to feel comfortable with the meaning and
pronunciation of the words presented.