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Chapter 5 Notes I. Ecology =The way organisms interact with each other and with their nonliving surroundings II. Factors affecting an Organism (Limiting Factors = may change the growth of a population) A. Abiotic Factors = non-living factors, sun, climate, soil B. Biotic factors = living factors- plants ,animals, bacteria fungus, virus - any living form that affects something else III. Terms to know A. Range of tolerance = a range of conditions in which an organism can survive B. habitat =the space in which an organism lives C. niche = the role (the job) the organism has in its surroundings IV. Kinds of Interactions between organisms A. Predation - one organism kills and eats another, Example: lions kill and eat zebras 1.Predator = an animal that kills and eats another organism 2.Prey = an organism that is killed and eaten by a predator B. Competition = two organisms striving to obtain the same resource, Example. Owls & fox both eat mice; = competition for food C. Symbiotic Relationships = close, long-lasting physical relationship between two different species 1.Parasite = relationship in which one lives off of a host, the host is harmed, Example:. Ticks/ fleas on a dog 2. Commensalism - one benefits while the other is not effected, Bird on a cow or water buffalo 3.Mutualism -the association in which both benefit, Example: Butterfly and a flower V Major Roles of Organisms in an Ecosystem A. Producers -manufacture food from inorganic compounds and light energy, plants B. Consumers - organisms that use other organisms as food 1.Herbivore = plants eater 2.Carnivore = meat eater 3. Omnivore = eats both plants and animals C. Decomposers = cause the decay and recycle nutrients VI. Keystone Species = crucial to the balance and maintenance of an eco system Example: water buffalo in Keoladeo Park