Download Core Science unit 1 found grade checker booklet

CORE SCIENCE
UNIT 1
B1 C1 P1
Foundation
GRADE
CHECKERS
B1 Grade Checker- foundation tier
Revising module B1
To help you start your revision, the specification fro module B1 has been summarised in the
checklist below.
Work your way along each row and make sure that you are happy with all the statements for your
target grade.
B
1
a
To aim for a grade G-E
 Explain why blood in arteries is under
pressure.
 Recognise that the risk of developing heart
disease can be increased by a number of
factors.
 Describe how cholesterol can restrict or block
blood vessels.





B
1
b
B
1
c
B
1
d
To aim for a grade D-C
Recall what blood pressure measurements
consist of.
Describe the factors that increase and
decrease blood pressure.
Explain the difference between fitness and
health
Explain how smoking increases blood
pressure.
Explain how diet can reduce the risk of heart
disease.
Recall what carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
are made of.
Explain the factors involved in how a balanced
diet will vary from person to person.
Explain why protein deficiency is common in
developing countries.
Calculate EAR for protein.
Calculate and understand BMI
measurements.
Explain how poor self image can lead to a
poor diet.
 Explain What a balanced diet should contain
and why.
 Explain why teenagers need a high protein
diet.
 Explain why diets in many parts of the world
are deficient in protein.
 Recall that proteins are only used as an
energy source in a shortage.
 Recall that obesity is linked to increased
health risks.

 Recall that infectious diseases are caused by
pathogens.
 Recall examples of diseases caused by
different types of pathogen.
 Describe the human body’s defences against
pathogens.
 Understand that some disorders have other
causes, including genetic causes.
 Recall that immunisation gives protection
against certain pathogens.
 Describe how pathogens are destroyed by the
body’s immune system
 Explain why new treatments are tested before
use.
 Recall the meaning of the terms parasite and
host with reference to malaria.
 Describe how vectors carry disease.
 Describe changes in lifestyle and diet that may
reduce the risk of cancer.
 Explain how pathogens cause the symptoms
of a disease.
 Recall how antibiotics fight pathogens.
 Explain the difference between passive and
active immunity
 Recall the difference between antibiotics and
antiviral drugs.
 Describe how new treatments are tested.
 Understand objections to some forms of
testing.
 Describe the functions of the main parts of the
eye.
 Describe the pathway of light through the
eyeball.
 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of
monocular and binocular vision.
 Explain the cause of common vision problems.
 Name and locate the parts of a motor neurone.
 Recall that the nerve impulse passes along the
axon.
 Describe a reflex arc.
 Describe the path of a spinal reflex.
 Describe the functions of the body’s sense
organs.
 Name and locate the main parts of the eye.
 Describe the difference between monocular
and binocular vision.
 Describe the most common vision problems.
 Name and locate the main parts of the
nervous system.
 Describe nerve impulses.
 Describe reflex actions.
 Recognise that voluntary responses are
under the conscious control of the brain.





B1 Grade Checker- foundation tier
B
1
e
B
1
f
B
1
g
B
1
h
To aim for a grade G-E
 Recognise that some drugs can be
beneficial of harmful.
 Explain why some drugs are only available
on prescription
 Explain addiction, withdrawal symptoms,
tolerance and rehabilitation.
 Describe the general effects of the different
drug categories.
 Recall the health problems caused by
smoking.
 Describe the effects of carbon monoxide,
nicotine, tars, and particulates on the body.
 Recognise short and long term effects of
alcohol on the body.
 Explain why there is a legal alcohol limit.
 Recognise that the body works to maintain a
steady rate.
 Recall that the normal core human body
temperature is 37ºC.
 Describe how the measure body
temperature.
 Describe how heat can be lost.
 Name, locate and recall the function of the
pancreas.
 Recall the cause of Type 1 diabetes.
 Describe how insulin travels around the
body.
 Recognise that plants and animals respond
to environmental changes.
 Understand that plant growth is controlled by
plant hormones.
 Describe am experiment showing that shoots
grow toward light.
 Understand how growth toward light
increases the plant’s chance of survival.
 Understand that roots grow downwards due
to gravity.
 Recognise that plant hormones are used in
agricultural to control plant growth.
 Determine human characteristics that are a
result of both environmental and inherited
factors.
 Recall that chromosomes in the nucleus
carry genes controlling inherited
characteristics.
 Recognise that most body cells contain
matching pairs of chromosomes.
 Recall that gametes have half the number of
chromosomes of body cells.
 Recognise that some disorders are inherited.
To aim for a grade D-C
 Explain the basis for the legal classification of
drugs.
 Recall examples of the different drug
categories.
 Describe the effects of cigarette smoke on
ciliated epithelial cells.
 Explain why damage to ciliated epithelial cells
can cause ‘smokers cough’.
 Describe how alcohol can cause cirrhosis of
the liver.
 Understand homeostasis and what it involves.
 Explain why internal conditions are kept steady
by automatic control systems.
 Explain how sweating increases heat transfer
to the environment
 Describe the problems caused by extreme
body temperatures.
 Recall that insulin controls blood sugar levels.
 Explain how Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is
controlled.
 Explain why responses controlled by
hormones are usually slower than those
controlled by the nervous system.
 Describe shoots and roots in terms of
phototropism and geotropism.
 Recall the actions of auxins.
 Relate the actions of plant hormones to their
commercial uses.
 Identify inherited characteristics as dominant
or recessive.
 Describe how sex in mammals is determined
by the XX and XY sex chromosomes.
 Explain the causes of generic variation.
 Recall that the number of chromosomes in
body cells varies between species.
 Recall that alleles are different versions of the
same gene.
 Understand that inherited disorders are
caused by faulty genes.
C1 Grade Checker- foundation tier
Revising module C1
To help you start your revision, the specification for module C1 has been summarised in the
checklist below.
Work your way along each row and make sure that you are happy with all the statements for your
target grade.




C
1
a









C
1
b







C
1
c



To aim for a grade G-E
Recall that crude oil, coal and gas are fossil
fuel.
Describe what non-renewable fuels are.
Recognise what fractional distillation does.
Understand the principle of fractional
distillation.
Recognise the fractions obtained from
crude oil.
Recall that LPG contains propane and
butane gases.
Describe environmental problems
associated with crude oil.
Label laboratory apparatus for cracking
liquid paraffin.
Describe cracking as a process that
converts large hydrocarbon molecules into
smaller, more useful ones.
List the factors involved in choosing the
best fuel for a particular purpose.
Recall that fuel combustion releases useful
heat energy.
Understand that complete combustion
requires plentiful oxygen, while incomplete
combustion occurs when there is a shortage
of oxygen.
Understand that complete combustion of a
hydrocarbon fuel makes carbon dioxide and
water, while incomplete combustion makes
carbon monoxide, carbon and water.
Construct word equations for complete and
incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon
fuels, given the reactants and products.
Explain why a blue Bunsen flame releases
more energy that a yellow one.
Understand that a yellow flame produces
soot.
Recall that carbon monoxide is a poisonous
gas.
Recall that air contains oxygen, nitrogen,
water vapour and carbon dioxide.
Understand that present day atmospheric
oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide levels
are constant.
Understand that photosynthesis decreases
carbon dioxide levels and increases oxygen
levels in the air.
Understand that respiration and
combustion increases carbon dioxide levels
and decrease oxygen levels in the air.
Relate common air pollutants to the source.
Understand the function of a catalytic
converter.






To aim for a grade D-C
Explain why fossil fuels are non renewable,
finite resources.
Describe oil as a mixture of many
hydrocarbons.
Label a diagram of a fractional distillation
column.
Describe how fractional distillation works.
Explain potential environmental problems
associated with transportation of crude oil.
Describe the process of cracking in terms of
alkenes and alkenes molecules.
 Suggest key factors to consider when
choosing the best fuel for a particular
purpose.
 Describe an experiment to show that
complete combustion produces carbon
dioxide and water.
 Construct word equations for complete and
incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon (not
all reactants and products given).
 Explain the advantages of complete
combustion of hydrocarbon fuels over
incomplete combustion.
 Recall the percentage composition by volume
of clean air.
 Describe a simple carbon cycle involving
photosynthesis, respiration and combustion.
 Describe how the present day atmosphere
evolved.
 Explain why atmospheric pollution control is
important.
 Understand that a catalytic converter
changes carbon monoxide into carbon
dioxide.
C1 Grade Checker- foundation tier
C
1
d
C
1
e
C
1
f
C
1
g
C
1
h
To aim for a grade G-E
 Recall the two elements chemically
combined in a hydrocarbon.
 Recognise a hydrocarbon form its formula.
 Recognise that alkanes and alkenes are
hydrocarbons.
 Deduce the name of an addition polymer
given the name of the monomer.
Recall that polymers are made when
monomers join together in a polymerisation
reaction.
To aim for a grade D-C
 Recall that a hydrocarbon is a compound
formed between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
 Explain why a compound is a hydrocarbons
with single covalent bonds only, and that
alkenes are hydrocarbons with double
covalent between carbon atoms.
 Describe how to test for an alkene.
 Recognise the displayed formula for a
polymer.
Describe addition polymerisation.
 Recall that nylon is used in clothing.
 Understand that many polymers are non
biodegradable.
 Explain the problems with disposing of
non biodegradable polymers.
 Recall the ways in which waste polymers
can be disposed of.
 Suggest desirable properties for a polymer
intended for a particular purpose.
 Explain the suitability of a polymer for a
particular purpose, based on its properties.
 Compare the properties of nylon and GoreTex®
 Explain why chemists are developing new
types of polymers.
 Explain the environmental and economic
issues associated with the use of polymers.
 Recall that protein molecules in eggs and
meat change shape (are denatured) in
cooking.
 Describe emulsifiers.
 Recall the word equation for the
decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate.
 Construct a balanced symbol equation for the
decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate.
 Recognise the factors that mean a
chemical change is taking place.
 Explain why cooking is a chemical
change.
 Relate types of food additive to their
function.
 Explain how baking powder makes cakes
rise.
 Recall the chemical test for carbon
dioxide.
 Understand that cosmetics may be either
synthetic or natural.
 Recall that esters are perfumes that can
be made synthetically.
 Recall the physical properties of perfumes.
 Understand the terms solvent, solute,
solution, soluble and insoluble.
 Recall that testing cosmetics on animal is
banned in the EU.
 Explain the need to thoroughly test
cosmetics.
 Relate paint ingredients to their function.
 Recall the formulation of oil paints.
 Recall the properties and uses of thermo
chromic pigments.
 Recall that phosphorescent pigments can
glow.
 Recall that alcohols react with acids to form
an ester and water.
 Describe a simple experiment to make an
ester.
 Explain why a perfume needs certain
properties
 Recall that esters can be used as solvents.
 Describe a solution.
 Explain why testing cosmetics on animals are
banned in the EU.
 Describe paint as colloid.
 Describe how many paints dry.
 Describe emulsion paints as water based
paints that dry when the solvent evaporates.
 Explain why thermo chromic pigments are
suited to a particular use.
 Explain why phosphorescent pigments glow.
P1 Grade Checker- foundation tier
Revising module P1
To help you start your revision, the specification for module P1 has been summarised in the
checklist below.
Work your way along each row and make sure that you are happy with all the statements for your
target grade.
P
1
a
P
1
b
P
1
c
To aim for a grade G-E
 Understand that for warm bodies the rate of
cooling depends on the temperature
difference compared to the surroundings.
 Understand that colour in a thermogram
indicates temperature.
 Recall that heat is a measurement of
energy and is measured in Joules (J).
 Describe the factors affecting the energy
needed to change the temperature of a
body.
 Describe an experiment to measure the
energy required to change the temperature
of a body.
To aim for a grade D-C
 Recognise and understand the
consequences of the direction of energy flow
between bodies of different temperatures.
 Understand that temperatures can be
represented by a range of colours in a
thermogram.
 Understand the concepts of specific heat
capacity and specific latent heat.
 Use the specific heat capacity equation.
 Use the specific latent heat equation.
 Describe how there is no temperature change
when materials are boiling, melting, or
freezing.
 Explain why trapped air in materials is a
good insulator.
 Recall that infrared radiation is reflected or
absorbed by different surfaces.
 Understand how absorption and reflection
of infrared radiation can be applied in
everyday situations.
 Describe examples of energy saving
methods in the home.
 Explain how the fact that air is a good
insulator and is used to keep homes warm.
 Describe other domestic energy saving
methods.
 Use the energy efficiency equation
 Identify and name the main features of a
transverse wave.
 Recall that all electromagnetic waves travel
at the same high speed in space of in a
vacuum.
 Use the wave equation.
 Recall that electromagnetic waves travel in
straight lines.
 Use ray diagrams to describe reflection at
single plane boundaries.
 Describe a communications use for radio,
microwave, infrared and visible light.
 Explain how energy is transferred.
 Explain how losses by energy transfer can be
reduced by domestic energy saving
measures.
 Explain that energy is lost from houses to the
atmosphere.
 Understand that energy is conserved of
proteins.
 Describe the main features of a traverse
wave.
 Determine the wavelength of frequency of a
wave from a diagram and use this in the wave
equation.
 Use ray diagrams to describe reflection at
multiple plane boundaries.
 Understand that reflection occurs due to
change in wave speed.
 Describe diffraction of waves at an opening.
 Identify and order the seven types of
electromagnetic wave in the spectrum.
 Relate the size of a communications receiver
to the wavelength of the type of signal
received.
P1 Grade Checker- foundation tier
P
1
d
P
1
e
P
1
f
P
1
g
P
1
h
To aim for a grade G-E
 Describe the historic use of light for
communication in the form of code.
 Recognise where Total Internal Reflection
happens.
 Understand how light and infrared
radiation travel along an optical fibre by
reflection.
 Understand the type of light produces by
lasers, and what makes them useful for.
 Recall that warm and hot objects emit
infrared radiation.
 Understand that infrared radiation is
absorbed by different surfaces, causing
temperature increase.
 Recognise that microwaves cause heating
when absorbed by water or fat
 Recall that mobile phones use microwave
signals.
 Describe concerns about children using
mobile phones.
 Recall that different studies into the effects
of mobile phone use have reached
conflicting conclusions.
 Describe everyday uses of infrared
radiation.
 Understand how passive infrared sensors
and thermal imaging cameras work.
 Describe the difference between analogue
and digital signals.
 Describe reflection of radiation used for
communication, and how this can be an
advantage or a disadvantage for signal
reception.
 Recognise that wireless technology uses
electromagnetic radiation.
 Describe the advantages of wireless
technology.
 Describe the effects of shock waves from
an earthquake.
 Recall the effects of exposure to ultraviolet
radiation.
 Recognise that sunscreens can reduce
damage from ultraviolet radiation.
 Recall the unexpected discovery of the
ozone hole.
 Describe how scientists used scientific
ideas to explain their measurements.
To aim for a grade D-C
 Describe Morse code as a use of light for
communication.
 Recognise that Morse code is a type of digital
signal.
 Describe what happens to light at a boundary,
below, at, and above the critical angle.
 Understand how light and infrared radiation
travel along an optical fibre by Total Internal
Reflection.
 Understand that a laser produces a narrow
beam of light of a single colour.
 Describe properties of infrared radiation.
 Describe properties of microwaves.
 Understand and describe the use of
microwaves to transmit information over large
distances.
 Describe why mobile phones and masts may
or may not be dangerous.
 Describe how potential dangers may be
increased by frequent use.
 Explain how publishing studies into mobile
phone radiation results to be checked.
 Describe how infrared can carry information
to control devices.
 Recall that the properties of digital signals
contributed to the switch to digital TV and
radio broadcast.
 Describe the transmission of light in optical
fibres.
 Recall refraction and reflection of radiation
used for communication, and how this can be
an advantage of a disadvantage for signal
reception.
 Describe common uses of wireless
technology.
 Understand interference between radio
stations with similar frequencies.
 Describe advantages and disadvantages of
DAB broadcasts.
 Understand that shock waves from
earthquakes can travel inside the earth.
 Recall the two types of seismic wave.
 Explain how cancer risk is reduced by darker
skin.
 Calculate how long a person can spend in the
sun without burning.
 Describe how the dangers of exposure to
ultraviolet radiation have been publicised.
 Describe how ozone reduction measurements
were verified.