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PART B of study guide for Natural History Exam 2 – Fall 2015 LOOK FOR ANSWERS IN - your lecture notes - evolution assigned reading: http://anthro.palomar.edu/evolve/default.htm ALSO: Evolution 101 for an explanation of sexual selection and other topics you may have questions about http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_toc_01 EVOLUTION 1. Define evolution using the term “gene pool.” 2. What is artificial selection? Give some examples of artificial selection. 3. How is natural selection different from artificial selection? 4. How does natural selection lead to evolution? Explain in detail how it works and give an example. 5. What is sexual selection? Explain in detail how it works and give an example. 6. What is kin selection? Explain in detail how it works and give an example. 7. What is meant by the statement: individuals do not evolve; populations evolve? 8. Explain the evolution of - peppered moths in England, antibiotic resistance, pesticide resistance 9. What ideas did each of the men below come up with to explain how evolution occurs? – Darwin, Wallace 10. Darwin did not introduce the idea that evolution occurs - it was that already an accepted idea. So what idea did Darwin introduce that was so novel at the time? 11. What is the importance of Archaeopteryx? 12. What is a “missing link?” What are some reasons there are “missing links? 13. How do we know that evolution has occurred? Disuses the 4 major lines of evidence. 14. Many people assume that "the fittest" refers to the strongest, biggest, or smartest and most cunning individuals. From an evolutionary perspective, the fittest individuals are simply __________________________________________________________________. (online reading) 15. Do populations always evolve? 16. What might influence whether or not a population evolves? 17. Give an example from lecture demonstrating why evolution matters now. 18. What is evolutionary medicine? 19. What is genetic diversity and why is it important? 20. What is the only way totally new forms of a gene are introduced into a population? 21. Are all mutations beneficial? Are all mutations harmful? 22. Are mutations relatively common or rare? 23. Compare the pros and cons of sexual vs. asexual reproduction EVOLUTION TERMS Alfred Wallace Archaeopteryx artificial selection asexual reproduction Charles Darwin coevolution DNA evolution Galápagos finches Galápagos Islands gene pool genetic diversity genetic variation H.M.S. Beagle kin selection missing link microevolution macroevolution MRSA (lecture) natural selection peppered moth sexual reproduction sexual selection species