Download Page 1 UNIT 2 - Earthquakes Handout 4 Sources: www.britannica

UNIT 2 - Earthquakes
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What is1 an
earthquake? Unscramble
UNIT
- Revision
definition.
Handout 4
the following sentence to find
a
Handout
3
the / passage / by / Earth’s / shaking / sudden / of / waves / rocks /
earthquake / any / is / seismic / ground / through / caused / of / the
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
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Ⓒ
Give your own definitions to the following terms.
mantle
plate
crust
fault
rock
mine
Complete the text with the most appropriate preposition.
Most earthquakes occur along the edge of the oceanic and continental
plates. The earth's crust (the outer layer of the planet) is made up of several
pieces, called plates. The plates _____ the oceans are called oceanic plates
and the rest are continental plates. The plates are moved _____ _____ the
motion of a deeper part of the earth (the mantle) that lies underneath the
crust. These plates are always bumping _____ each other, pulling _____ from
each other, or past each other. The plates usually move _____ about the
same speed that your fingernails grow. Earthquakes usually occur where two
plates are running _____ each other or sliding past each other.
Earthquakes can also occur far from the edges of plates, along
faults. Faults are cracks in the earth where sections of a plate (or two plates)
are moving in different directions. Faults are caused by all that bumping and
sliding the plates do. They are more common near the edges of the plates.
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks
_____ a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic waves that
make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing
_____ each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide smoothly; the rocks
catch on each other. The rocks are still pushing _____ each other, but not
moving. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built
_____. When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs. During the earthquake
and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock start moving, and they continue to
move until they get stuck again. The spot underground where the rock breaks
Sources: www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology
www.geo.mtu.edu/UPSeis
is called the focus of the earthquake. The place right above the focus (on top
of the ground) is called the epicentre of the earthquake.
Earthquake-like seismic waves can also be caused by explosions
underground. These explosions may be set _____ to break rock while making
tunnels for roads, railroads, subways, or mines. These explosions, however,
don't cause very strong seismic waves. You may not even feel them.
Sometimes seismic waves occur when the roof or walls of a mine collapse.
These can sometimes be felt _____ people near the mine. The largest
underground explosions, from tests of nuclear warheads (bombs), can create
seismic waves very much like large earthquakes. This fact has been exploited
as a means to enforce the global nuclear test ban, because no nuclear
warhead can be detonated on earth without producing such seismic waves.
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Which of the above mentioned prepositions are parts of phrasal verbs? What
are the meanings of the mentioned phrasal verbs? Think of an example
sentence for each of them.
1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
4. ______________
5. ______________
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In pairs discuss the following quotations.
When the Haiti earthquake happened, I registered with UNICEF to set up an
account, and posted to Twitter for people to donate to it. In a matter of a
couple of hours, $30,000 had been donated. That, to me, was eye-opening.
Misha Collins
In an earthquake, I shouldn't run out of the house - I should run into it.
Tony Danza
We don't suggest that because San Francisco lies on top of an earthquake
fault that it should be moved.
John Breaux
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