Download Ch 17 Practice test

Name: ______________________
Class: _________________
Date: _________
ID: A
Ch 17 Practice test
____
1. A segment of DNA that stores genetic information is called a(n)
a. amino acid.
b. gene.
c. protein.
d. intron.
____
2. In which of the following processes does change take place over the longest period of time?
a. evolution
b. respiration
c. exocytosis
d. photosynthesis
____
3. A protein is a polymer made up of which of the following monomers?
a. lipids
b. sugars
c. amino acids
d. nucleotides
____
4. A possible explanation for a set of observations is a(n)
a. experiment.
b. hypothesis.
c. theory.
d. variable.
____
5. Which structure in the cells in Figure 17.1 identifies them as eukaryotic cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
____
A
B
C
D
6. When some of a plant's cells become root cells, and other cells form the plant's stem, the plant cells are
going through
a. meiosis.
b. homeostasis.
c. differentiation.
d. mutation.
1
Name: ______________________
ID: A
____
7. A group of living organisms that can produce fertile offspring is a
a. community.
b. species.
c. clade.
d. population.
____
8. The central dogma of molecular biology states that the flow of genetic information proceeds in one
direction from DNA to RNA to protein. In what order do the processes that are involved take place?
a. replication, mutation, transcription
b. replication, transcription, translation
c. sequencing, transformation, replication
d. transcription, translation, transformation
____
9. Which of the structures in Figure 17.2 correctly depicts the structure of DNA?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A
B
C
D
____ 10. Any change in an organism's DNA is considered a(n)
a. intron.
b. exon.
c. mutation.
d. translation.
____ 11. Organisms are named and classified based on physical characteristics in
a. evolutionary trees.
b. Linnaean taxonomy.
c. cladograms.
d. molecular clocks.
____ 12. Which of the following is the most abundant group of organisms on Earth?
a. protista
b. plants
c. bacteria
d. archaea
____ 13. Which of the following lists Linnaean taxa in the correct order from general to specific?
a. phylum, order, family, genus
b. kingdom, order, class, phylum
c. family, phylum, genus, species
d. class, order, species, genus
2
Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 14. In the Linnaean system of classification, which of the following is most commonly defined as a group of
organisms that can breed and produce offspring?
a. phylum
b. species
c. genus
d. order
____ 15. Which of the following uses mutation rates to measure evolutionary time?
a. phylogenies
b. binomial nomenclature
c. molecular clocks
d. clades
____ 16. In the blank cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go on the lines labeled A?
a.
b.
c.
d.
clades
outgroupings
common ancestors
derived characters
____ 17. In the cladogram in Figure 17.1, what type of information would go in the area labeled B?
a. clades
b. outgroupings
c. common ancestors
d. derived characters
____ 18. In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were placed in their own kingdom called
a. Protista.
b. Archaea.
c. Eukarya.
d. Bacteria.
____ 19. How many domains are there in the most current tree of life?
a. six
b. five
c. three
d. two
____ 20. How many kingdoms are there in the most current tree of life?
a. two
b. five
c. three
d. six
3
Name: ______________________
____ 21. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
ID: A
modern classification system is mainly based on
mutation rates.
common ancestry.
physical similarities.
binomial nomenclature.
____ 22. Figure 17.2 shows one set of genetic differences between humans and other animals. By this measure,
which listed species is most related to humans?
a.
b.
c.
d.
rabbit
mouse
turtle
chimpanzee
____ 23. Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into the kingdoms Bacteria and
a. Plantae.
b. Fungi.
c. Protista.
d. Archaea.
____ 24. The
a.
b.
c.
d.
name Canis lupis is an example of
a domain and kingdom.
one clade.
binomial nomenclature.
a phylogeny.
____ 25. Which of the following types of evidence is considered the most accurate in classifying organisms,
according to the majority of scientists?
a. anatomical
b. Linnaean
c. physiological
d. molecular
4
Name: ______________________
ID: A
Short Answer
26. According to this classification, is the wolf more closely related to the bear or the bat?
27. How does Figure 17.3 illustrate the idea that each level is nested in the level above it?
28. What taxa do the bat and the shark share?
29. What animals shown in Figure 17.3 are in the order Carnivora?
Use the exhibit to answer the questions that follow.
30. What characteristics do the organisms in the domains Bacteria and Archaea share?
31. Into which domain would you place a multicellular organism with a nucleus?
32. Which kingdoms were considered kingdoms in 1753 as well as today?
33. Compare this chart with Linnaean taxonomy. Name one similarity and one difference.
____ 34. Scientists use taxonomy to determine the evolutionary history of organisms.
_________________________
____ 35. Taxonomy provides consistent ways to name organisms. _________________________
5
Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 36. Scientific names of organisms consist of two English terms. _________________________
____ 37. Two different organisms cannot have the same scientific name. _________________________
____ 38. Genus is the basic biological unit in the Linnaean system of classification.
_________________________
____ 39. A genus is a taxonomic category that contains several families. _________________________
____ 40. Under the Linnaean system of classification, organisms are grouped on the basis of similarities in
structure. _________________________
____ 41. Linnaeus devised eight levels of classification categories for living things.
_________________________
____ 42. The least inclusive group to which an organism can be assigned is its kingdom.
_________________________
____ 43. Kingdoms are subgroups of phyla. _________________________
____ 44. A species is a larger taxonomic group than a genus. _________________________
____ 45. Bird wings and insect wings are examples of analogous structures. _________________________
____ 46. Organisms that have similar traits but evolved independently are the result of convergent evolution.
_________________________
____ 47. Cladistics is used to determine the sequence in which different groups of organisms evolved.
_________________________
____ 48. In modern systematics, studies of the changes in the skeletons of vertebrates have helped researchers to
estimate the time at which each species began to evolve. _________________________
____ 49. Comparing the sequence of DNA bases in the genes of several organisms is used to determine the order in
which the organisms evolved. _________________________
____ 50. All organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs whose cells lack cell walls.
_________________________
____ 51. Archaea are eukaryotes that are characterized by several unique biochemical characteristics.
_________________________
____ 52. Traditionally, bacteria have been classified on the basis of their shape, cell wall composition, and
metabolism. _________________________
6
Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 53. Most organisms in the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia are multicellular. _________________________
____ 54. Taxonomy is
a. the study of life.
b. the science of naming and classifying organisms.
c. the evolutionary history of a species.
d. the sequence in which different groups evolved.
____ 55. An
a.
b.
c.
d.
advantage of our scientific naming system is that
common names mean the same in all countries.
Latin names are easy to pronounce.
biologists can communicate regardless of their native languages.
organisms all have the same scientific name.
____ 56. All
a.
b.
c.
d.
scientific names of organisms must be
unique and have two Latin words.
general and use the species name.
different and repeat the phylum name.
similar and include the common name.
____ 57. Linnaeus’s two-word system for naming organisms is called
a. taxonomic evolution.
c. Greek polynomials.
b. Genus species.
d. binomial nomenclature.
____ 58. In the Linnaean system of classification, the level that identifies one unique organism is the
a. kingdom.
c. genus.
b. family.
d. species.
____ 59. Under the Linnaean system of classification, plants and animals are sorted into groups based on
a. number and size.
c. form and size.
b. form and structure.
d. number and structure.
____ 60. The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is a
a. domain.
c. genus.
b. class.
d. kingdom.
____ 61. Placement in each level of classification is based on
a. specific characteristics.
c. shared characteristics.
b. general characteristics.
d. different characteristics.
____ 62. Similar genera are grouped into a(n)
a. phylum.
b. class.
c.
d.
____ 63. Analogous structures
a. have a common size in organisms.
b. perform the same function in organisms.
c. have the same structure in organisms.
d. evolve from a common ancestor.
7
family.
order.
Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 64. Traditional systematics emphasizes the importance of
a. derived characteristics.
c. similar characteristics.
b. unique characteristics.
d. compared characteristics.
____ 65. Similar features that evolve through convergent evolution are called
a. analogous characters.
c. environmental characters.
b. homologous characters.
d. genetic characters.
____ 66. Convergent evolution produces analogous characters in different species as the result of
a. similar environments.
c. sharing a common ancestor.
b. different environments.
d. shared derived characters.
____ 67. A phylogenetic tree differs from a cladogram in that a phylogenetic tree
a. hypothesizes the time at which each group of organisms evolved.
b. also indicates the new characteristics that evolved with each group of organisms
c. only illustrates hypothesized relationships among groups of organisms.
d. predicts the next group of organisms that is expected to evolve.
____ 68. Studies of fossils of dinosaurs and birds show that
a. feathers may not be an important difference between dinosaurs and birds.
b. dinosaurs can be considered to be modern descendents of birds.
c. the anatomies of the dinosaurs and birds are unrelated.
d. dinosaurs and birds share many analogous characters.
____ 69. A model used by biologists to represent evolutionary history among species is called a
a. phylogram.
c. histogram.
b. cladogram.
d. parallelogram.
____ 70. Derived characters are traits
a. that are shared by all species.
b. that originated in a common ancestor.
c. found in closely related species.
d. found in distantly related species.
____ 71. During Linnaeus’ time, scientists divided all living organisms into
a. five phyla.
c. three domains.
b. four families.
d. two kingdoms.
____ 72. Which of the following terms is no longer used to describe a group of organisms in the modern
classification system?
a. Archaea
c. Monera
b. Eubacteria
d. Protista
____ 73. Sponges are animals that were once classified as
a. bacteria.
c.
b. fungi.
d.
plants.
protists.
____ 74. Which of the following characteristics was used to reclassify sponges?
a. body type
c. cell walls
b. cell type
d. nutrition
8
Name: ______________________
ID: A
____ 75. The kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were once grouped in a kingdom called
a. Protista.
c. Monera.
b. Animalia.
d. Plantae.
____ 76. Four of the kingdoms include eukaryotes and the other two include
a. plants.
c. animals.
b. fungi.
d. prokaryotes.
____ 77. Which of the following is not a characteristic used to differentiate kingdoms?
a. cell type
c. nutrition
b. root system
d. body type
____ 78. Protista is an example of a
a. kingdom.
b. class.
c.
d.
genus.
species.
____ 79. Which two kingdoms contain both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
a. Archaea and Animalia
c. Animalia and Fungi
b. Protists and Bacteria
d. Protista and Fungi
____ 80. Bacteria : prokaryotes ::
a. Fungi : prokaryotes
b. Animalia : prokaryotes
c.
d.
Protista : eukaryotes
Archaea : eukaryotes
____ 81. One difference between plants and animals is that plants are
a. prokaryotic and animals are eukaryotic.
b. eukaryotic and animals are prokaryotic.
c. autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs.
d. heterotrophs and animals are autotrophs.
82. The current system used for naming organisms was developed by ____________________.
83. The two-word system for naming organisms is called _________________________.
84. The scientific name of an organism gives biologists a common way of ____________________
regardless of their native languages.
85. All names assigned to organisms under the Linnaean system are in the ____________________
language.
86. The unique two-word name for a species is its ____________________ name.
87. All living things are grouped into one of three ____________________.
88. There are ____________________ levels of classification in the modern classification system.
89. A kingdom contains many ____________________.
90. Classes with similar characteristics are assigned to a(n) ____________________.
9
Name: ______________________
ID: A
91. Each level of classification is based on ____________________ shared by all the organisms it contains.
92. Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens all belong to the same ____________________.
93. Traditionally, scientists have used differences in appearance and ____________________ to classify
organisms.
94. Unlike cladistics, traditional systematics places more ____________________ on some traits than on
others.
95. Analogous structures are found in ____________________ taxa as a result of similar environmental
conditions.
96. The type of evolution that results in similar characteristics found in different organisms as the result of
selection within similar environments is called ____________________ evolution.
97. The evolutionary history of a species is called its ____________________.
98. Shared derived characters are found in organisms that once shared a(n) ____________________
ancestor.
99. A method of analysis that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships based on shared
characteristics is called ____________________.
100. A model developed by systematists that uses shared derived characters to show the evolutionary history
of different organisms is called a(n) ____________________.
101. Cladistics is used to determine the ____________________ in which different groups of organisms
evolved.
102. Animals that appear early on a cladogram do not share as many of the same ____________________
traits as the animals that appear later on the cladogram.
103. Modern systematic biologists use the ____________________ rate of DNA mutations like a “molecular
clock.”
104. Two kingdoms include prokaryotes, while four kingdoms include ____________________.
105. Bacteria have strong exterior cell walls made of ____________________.
106. An organism made of many cells that are permanently associated and that coordinate their activities is
called a(n) ____________________ organism.
107. Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals are called ____________________.
10
Name: ______________________
ID: A
108. Compare and contrast the make up and use of the scientific name of an organism and its species name.
Kingdom
Cell type
Prokaryoti
c
Cell structure
Cell wall,
peptidoglycan
Archaebacteria
c.
d.
Protista
e.
Mixed
Fungi
g.
Cell wall, chitin
Eubacteria
Body type
Nutrition
a.
b
Unicellular
i.
Eukaryotic
Cell wall,
cellulose
k.
Eukaryotic
No cell wall
Unicellular and
multicellular
Unicellular and
multicellular
j.
Multicellular
Autotrophic and
heterotrophic
f.
h.
Autotrophic
l.
109. Refer to the table shown above. Complete the table by filling in the numbered cells.
11