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The Islamic World Major Trade Routes Map _____/5 pts Section 1-2-3 Notes _____/15 pts Standards Review _____/5 pts Travel Brochure _____/15 pts Chapter 3 Test _____% _____________________________ Student Signature _____________________________ Parent Signature 1 _____________ Date The Islamic World Using the (blurry) map below, indicate the major trade routes that passed through Arabia around 570. Label the civilizations the Arabs traded with along each route as well as what items were traded. 2 The Islamic World Fast Facts: read each “fast fact” and then write down one well thought out question or comment about the information presented. What is Islam? The name of the religion is Islam, which comes from an Arabic root word meaning "peace" and "submission." Islam teaches that one can only find peace in one's life by submitting to Almighty God (Allah) in heart, soul and deed. The same Arabic root word gives us "Salaam Alaykum," ("Peace be with you"), the universal Muslim greeting. ________________________________________________________________________ Who is a Muslim? A person who believes in and consciously follows Islam is called a Muslim, also from the same root word. So, the religion is called "Islam," and a person who believes in and follows it is a "Muslim." ________________________________________________________________________ How Many and Where? Islam is a major world religion, with over 1 billion followers worldwide (1/5 of the world population). It is considered one of the Abrahamic, monotheistic faiths, along with Judaism and Christianity. Although usually associated with the Arabs of the Middle East, less than 10% of Muslims are Arab. Muslims are found all over the world, of every nation, color and race. ________________________________________________________________________ 3 Who is Allah? Allah is the proper name for Almighty God, and is often translated merely as "God." Allah has other names that are used to describe His characteristics: the Creator, the Sustainer, the Merciful, the Compassionate, etc. Muslims believe that since Allah alone is the Creator, it is He alone that deserves our devout love and worship. Islam holds to a strict monotheism. Any worship and prayers directed at saints, prophets, other human beings or nature is considered idolatry. ________________________________________________________________________ What do Muslims believe about God, prophets, the afterlife, etc.? The basic beliefs of Muslims fall into six main categories, which are known as the "Articles of Faith": • • • • • • Faith in the unity of God Faith in angels Faith in prophets Faith in books of revelation Faith in an afterlife Faith in destiny/divine decree ________________________________________________________________________ The "five pillars" of Islam: In Islam, faith and good works go hand-in-hand. A mere verbal declaration of faith is not enough, for belief in Allah makes obedience to Him a duty. The Muslim concept of worship is very broad. Muslims consider everything they do in life to be an act of worship, if it is done according to Allah's guidance. There are also five formal acts of worship which help strengthen a Muslim's faith and obedience. They are often called the "Five Pillars of Islam." ________________________________________________________________________ 4 Daily life as a Muslim: While often seen as a radical or extreme religion, Muslims consider Islam to be the middle road. Muslims do not live life with complete disregard for God or religious matters, but nor do they neglect the world to devote themselves solely to worship and prayer. Muslims strike a balance by fulfilling the obligations of and enjoying this life, while always mindful of their duties to Allah and to others. • Morals and manners • Business ethics • Modesty in dress and behavior • Dietary rules • Marriage • Care of children and elderly • Racism and prejudice • Relations with non-Muslims ________________________________________________________________________ 5 The Islamic World Travel brochure assignment: The purpose of a travel brochure is to encourage people to travel to a particular area. As an individual, or in a group of 2-3 students, brainstorm what might persuade someone to visit a foreign location. Next, using the library, internet, classroom resources, etc., research information about the geography, climate, and people of the arabian peninsula. Once this has been completed, you (and your group) will write and illustrate a travel brochure that might attract visitors to the Arabian Peninsula. Brochures must be persuasive, attractive, and point out the highlights of the region. (cover, geographic location, climate, native plants and animals, people, regional foods, etc.) There are several templates on “Word” or “Pages” that may help you create a fabulous presentation. Due: _____________________ 6 The Islamic World Section 1: Geography and Life in Arabia - Many people think that modern-day Arabia consists of only one country, Saudi Arabia. Today there are seven modern-day nations on the Arabian peninsula: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, The United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Locate and label these nations on the map attached. Main Ideas The Big Idea Key Terms - Sand Dunes - Oasis -Sedentary - Caravan - souk 7 HSS 7.2.1 Identify the physical features and describe the climate of the Arabian Peninsula, its relationship to surrounding bodies of land and water, and nomadic and sedentary ways of life. After reading section 1, Answer the following questions: 1. Define - What is an oasis? Next, complete the comparison chart below: Oasis Desert Climate Lifestyle Benefits Drawbacks 2. Explain - How has Arabia’s “crossroads” location affected its culture and society? 3. Identify - Where were nomads and townspeople likely to interact? 4. Make Generalizations - Why did towns often develop near oases? 8 The Islamic World Section 2: Origins of Islam: The history of Islam can be traced back to the prophet Muhammad who taught that he received a revelation from god that went beyond the laws and teachings of the Torah and the Bible. Muslims believe that Muhammad received the “exact words of God” from the Archangel Gabriel which were then word for word, written down by scribes into 114 chapters (surahs). Main Ideas: The Big Idea: Key Terms: - Muhammad - Islam - Qur'an - Shrine - Pilgrimage - Mosque 9 HSS 7.2.2 Trace the origins of Islam and the life and teachings of Muhammad, including Islamic teachings on the connection with Judaism and Christianity. After reading section 2 in your text, respond to the following: 1. Recall - When did Muhammad begin teaching people about Islam? 2. Explain - According to Islamic belief, what was the source of Islamic teachings and how did Muhammad receive them? Why did he wait to tell others when he heard the angel’s message? 3. Identify - What is one key Islamic belief about God? 4. Compare - In what ways are Islamic beliefs similar to those of Judaism and Christianity? 5. Recall - Where was the first Mosque? 6. Explain - Why did Muhammad go to Medina? 7. Sequencing - Draw a timeline to identify key dates in Muhammad’s life. 10 11 The Islamic World Section 3: Islamic Beliefs and Practices Main Ideas: - - The Big Idea: Key Terms: - Jihad - Sunnah - Five Pillars of Islam 12 HSS 7.2.3 Explain the significance of the Qur’an and the Sunnah as the primary sources of Islamic beliefs, practice, and law, and their influence in Muslims’ daily life. After you read section 3, complete the following: 1. The Quran Beliefs Rules for Worship Rules for Society 2. Sources of Islamic Beliefs Qur’an Sunnah Shariah 13 The Islamic World Standards Review Reviewing Vocabulary, Terms, and People: For each statement below, write T if it is true, and F if it is false. If the statement is false, write the correct term that would make the sentence a true statement. 1. Muslims gather to pray at a souk. ___________________ 2. Traders often traveled in caravans to take their goods to markets. ________________________ 3. An Islam is a person who submits to God and follows the teachings of Muhammad. ______________________ 4. According to Islamic belief, God’s messages to Muhammad during his lifetime make up the Sunnah. _______________ 5. Some people might worship gods or saints at a Shrine. ___________________ 6. Jihad is a journey to a sacred place. ________________ Comprehension and Critical Thinking: 7. Describe - What are some important characteristics of the Arabian Peninsula’s physical geography? 8. Predict - How would Arabia’s location affect its trade relationships? 14 9. Compare and Contrast - How did Muhammad’s teachings compare to Judaism and Christianity? How did they contrast with common Arab beliefs of the time? 10. Define - What is the Hajj? 11. Analyze - How are the Qur’an and the sunnah connected to Shariah? 12. Elaborate - How do the Five Pillars of Islam affect Muslim’s daily lives? Standards Assessment: DIRECTIONS: Read each question, and write the letter of the best response. ! The office of Imam was set up in order to replace the office of Prophet in the defense of the faith and the government of the world . . .One group says it derives from reason, since it is the nature of reasonable men to submit to a leader who will prevent them from injuring one another and who will settle quarrels and disputes . . .Another group says that the obligation derives from Holy Law and not from reason, since the Imam deals with matters of Holy Law . . . ! ! ! ! -Abu al-Hasan as-Mawardi (972-1058) 13. From the passage, it can be concluded that Imams in early Islam were A. Religious leaders B. Government leaders C. Both religious and government leaders D. Neither religious nor government leaders 15 14. Which of the following responsibilities of Muslims is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam? A. Jihad B. Frequent prayer C. Hajj D. Giving to the poor 15. What is the main reason some early peoples of Arabia developed the nomadic life that their descendants follow today? A. Trade has long been an important part of life in the region B. The prophet Muhammad was a nomad C. No towns developed in Arabia D. Resources are scarce in the region’s desert geography 16. Medina is probably best known as a A. Trade city B. Tourist city C. Religious city D. Educational city 17. The teachings of Muhammad are found mainly in the Qur’an and the A. Commentaries B. Sunnah C. Jihad D. Old Testament 16