Download CARDIAC ARREST

CARDIAC ARREST
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RESUSCITATION-Cardiac arrest is the sudden
failure of the heart to supply adequate blood
The most common causes of cardiac arrest are
Myocardial infarction
Anesthesia over dosage
Electrolyte imbalance
Drowning
Electrocution
shock
THE OA MUST KNOW
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To diagnose cardiac arrest
Summon the emergency team
Initiate resuscitation effectively
Where to find the necessary equipment
SIGNS OF CARDIAC ARREST
UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT
 Pulse rate high
 Low or unrecordable blood pressure
 Absent respiratory movements
 Cyanosis
 Cessation of heart beat
 Dilated pupils
MANAGEMENT
Upon discovering a collapsed patient
 The OA must act quickly and calmly
 Must get the resuscitation trolley,ECG machine and
defibrillator
 The OA should diagnose cardiac arrest quickly
 ABC-airway ,breathing and circulation
 Airway is secured by the combined maneuver of head
tilt and chin lift
 Mouth to mouth breathing must be commenced by the
OA if the patient is not breathing
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Carotid pulse must be palpated for checking
circulation
Pulse must be palpated for at least 5secs to find
if circulation has stopped
The ribs are depressed forcefully and
rhythmically by about 3-5cm , 60 to 80 times per
minute in an adult
The compression to ventilation ratio is 15:2
If the pressure is applied on the xiphoid process
it may cause internal injury
ON ARRIVAL OF MEDICAL HELP
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The OA must be familiar with the location and use of
equipment and drugs on the emergency trolley
If the patient is in ventricular fibrillation it can be
stabilized by electrical defibrillation
The doctor applies electrode jelly to the paddles to
prevent skin burns
The current will pass across the chest to the cardiac
muscle
The doctor has to give administer IV adrenaline 1mg
followed by IV atropine 2mg
POST RESUSCITATION CARE
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The patient’s airway, breathing and circulation
and blood pressure are checked
Notes about emergency drugs
Adrenaline-this increases the heart rate and
increases the force of cardiac contraction. It is
supplied in 1ml ampules of 1:10000
Isoprenaline – This primarily increases heart
rate but also increases the force of
contraction.It is supplied in 2ml ampules of
50mg per ml
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Atropine- increases heart rate. It is supplied in
1ml ampules of 600mg per ml
Calcium chloride- Temporarily increases the
force of cardiac contraction and reduces the
effect of dangerously high blood potassium
.10ml ampules of 10% calcium chloride
Lignocaine- Local anesthetic that acts on the
heart to reduce electrical excitability and is
supplied as 10ml ampules of 10mg per ml
Aminophylline- This causes bronchodiation
and therefore relieves bronchospasm
Hydrocortisone- this is a steroid used in anaphylactic
shock.It suppresses tissue edema and is supplied in 1ml
ampules of 100mg
 Naloxone- this reverses the depressant and analgesic
effect of opiate narcotics. 1ml ampules of 400mg
VERY IMPORTANT
ALWAYS READ THE LABEL AND MAKE SURE IT
IS THE DRUG THAT HAS BEEN ASKED
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