Download Chapter 9:Study Guide Dehydration- Hyperthermia

Chapter 9:Study Guide
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Dehydration OsteoblastsHyperthermia HypercalcemiaSimple diffusion OsteoporosisSelectively permeable membrane EstrogenOsmosis HypertensionIntracellular water Systolic pressureExtracellular water Diastolic pressureHydration PrehypertensionTotal water intake HemoglobinMetabolic water MyoglobinAntidiuretic hormone (ADH) CytochromesAldosterone Heme ironDiuretic Nonheme ironWater Intoxication Iron deficiencyMajor minerals AnemiaTrace minerals Hereditary hemochromatosisCofactor Thyroid hormoneParathyroid hormone (PTH) CretinismOsteoclasts GoitrogensCalcitoninConcept Questions:
1. List at least five different functions of water in the body.
2. Define osmosis.
3. Which ions are found primarily in extracellular water? Which ions are found
primarily in intracellular water?
4. Discuss ways the body obtains and loses water.
5. What can happen to cells if the body is unable to regulate its water balance?
6. How do antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone help maintain fluid balance in the
body?
7. How much water do healthy young men and women need to consume daily (AI
values)?
8. What is a diuretic? Identify two diuretics commonly consumed by Americans.
9. List at least three signs and symptoms of dehydration.
10. List at least three signs and symptoms of water intoxication.
11. List at least three different functions of minerals in the body, and provide an
example of a mineral that performs each function.
12. What is the primary difference between a major mineral and a trace mineral? List
three major minerals and three trace minerals
13. Explain how foods that are naturally sources of minerals can become poor
sources of those minerals by the time you eat them.
14. Discuss factors that influence mineral absorption in the digestive tract.
15. In the United States, which mineral is required to be added to grain products as
part of the enrichment program?
16. What is osteoporosis, and why is it a major public health concern in the United
States?
17. Identify at least four major risk factors of osteoporosis. Which risk factors can be
modified to reduce the risk of osteoporosis?
18. What is prehypertension? What is hypertension? What are major risk factors for
hypertension?
19. What is the DASH diet? Aside from making dietary modifications, what other
lifestyle changes can people with hypertension make to lower their blood
pressure?
20. Prepare a table for the major minerals that includes information about each
minerals major roles in the body, primary food sources, and signs and symptoms
of the mineral’s deficiency as well as toxicity disorders. Check your table against
the information provided in Table 9.4.
21. What is the difference between iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia? What
are the signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia? Which members of the
population are most at risk of iron deficiency?
22. What is hemochromatosis? How is the condition treated?
23. Describe signs and symptoms and Zinc deficiency in humans.
24. What is a goiter? What is cretinism? How can cretinism be prevented?
25. Which foods are rich sources of selenium?
26. What is the major role of chromium in the body?
27. Prepare a table for trace minerals that includes information about each trace
mineral’s major role or roles in the body, food sources, and signs and symptoms
of the minerals deficiency as well as toxicity disorders. Check your table against
the information provided in table 9.14.
28. Identify at least four minerals that are classified as possible essential minerals.
29. Prepare a table for arsenic, boron, lithium, nickel, silicon, and vanadium that
includes information about each mineral’s possible function and major food
sources. Check your table against the information provided in the Table 9.20.