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Slide 1 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Chapter 16 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slavery Divides the Nation ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 2 ___________________________________ Opposing Slavery Quakers taught that it was a sin for one to own another Anti-slavery reformers became known as “Abolitionists” Best known Abolitionists Frederick Douglass He was born into slavery William Lloyd Garrison The Grimke’ Sisters The Underground Railroad ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ A secret network of abolitionists that helped slaves escape It had “conductors” and “stations” Harriet Tubman was the most famous escapee She led 300 slaves to safety Considered the “Black Moses” Slave owners offered $40,000 for her capture ___________________________________ A North vs. South mentality was created Slide 3 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Underground Railroad Network Three places that most slaves escaped to: Canada Caribbean Mexico ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 4 ___________________________________ Slavery Crosses the Nation In 1819, there were 11 free states & 11 slave states Missouri wanted to join the nation as a slave state Henry Clay proposed the Missouri Compromise He proposed a line in the Louisiana Territory of where slavery could exist & only Missouri could cross it Missouri join as a slave state & Maine join as a free state What about the territories Many felt that every place should have “Popular Sovereignty” The freedom for every place to chose for themselves ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ In 1849 there were 15 free & 15 slave states But what about California? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 5 ___________________________________ Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 (5 parts to it) Made a strict fugitive slave law to return slaves to owners A fugitive is a runaway slave Broke the Mexican Cession into two territories California entered in as a free state Ended slavery in Washington D.C. Settled a border dispute between Texas & New Mexico Utah & New Mexico with each deciding for themselves Slide 6 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Response to the Fugitive Issue In 1850, they created the Fugitive Slave Act Anyone caught helping a slave escape would be fine $1000 Everyone would be required to help catch runaway slaves Many Northerners felt that this made them part of the slavery system Judges would be given $10 for returning slaves & $5 for setting them free Harriet Beecher Stowe writes book called “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” A sad story about a slave named Tom ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 7 ___________________________________ Kansas-Nebraska Act Senator Stephan A. Douglas did not want another free state He proposed the Nebraska Territory be broken into two territories Nebraska –Free Kansas –Slave This made the North mad It was already decided in the Missouri Compromise that slavery would not exist north of the Missouri Compromise Line Ruling was to decide by Popular Sovereignty Everyone rushed into Kansas Set up two governments Became known as bleeding Kansas Guerrilla Warfare Slide 8 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dred Scott Case Dred Scott was a slave He and his owner moved to Wisconsin Territory where slavery was not allowed Then they moved back to Missouri Later, Dred Scott’s owner died Abolitionist lawyers helped Dred Scott file a lawsuit stating that he was free This case became known as Dred Scott v. Sandford Court ruled that Dred Scott could not file a lawsuit as a slave because he was not a citizen, he was property They also ruled that congress could not outlaw slavery in territories, thus the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 9 Creation of Today’s Republicans A group of anti-slavery people met in Michigan to keep slavery out of the territories Called themselves Republicans The party grew quickly They selected John C. Fremont to run for President James Buchanan won In 1858, Abraham Lincoln ran for the senate against Stephen A. Douglas Lincoln Douglas Debates were over slavery Lincoln gave very stirring arguments against slavery Lincoln give the “House Divided” speech Douglas won the election by a slim margin In 1860, Lincoln became the presidential candidate Slide 10 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Part of Lincoln’s House Divided Speech ___________________________________ A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently, half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall — but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new — North as well as South Slide 11 John Brown’s Raid John Brown took his anti-slavery crusade from Kansas to Harper’s Ferry Virginia (now W.Va.) He raided a federal arsenal of weapons to give to slaves No slave uprising took place Robert E. Lee captured Brown He later got hung Was he a hero or Villain? ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ Many in the North thought of him as a hero for standing up for his beliefs Slide 12 ___________________________________ Election of 1860 ___________________________________ The Democrats in the north did not want slavery in the territories -chose Stephen Douglas The Democrats in the south did -chose John Beckinridge ___________________________________ Result: The party split in two Abraham Lincoln ran as a Republican He won easily 10 states in the south would not even put his name on the ballot ___________________________________ Southern votes didn’t even matter ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 13 ___________________________________ Election of 1860 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 14 ___________________________________ The Southern Secession South Carolina’s governor wrote all southern governors that if Lincoln is elected, they must secede Congress made last efforts to save the Union Bill for unamendable amendment allowing slavery in the south Bill to extend Missouri Compromise to the Pacific South believed that if you put an abolitionist in the White House then it is time for them to go Slide 15 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ The Confederacy Dec. 20, 1860, South Carolina was the first to secede By late Feb., 1861, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi & Texas seceded ___________________________________ ___________________________________ At a convention at Montgomery, Alabama the seven state formed a new nation called the Confederate States of America Elected Jefferson Davis as President Set up capital in Richmond, VA ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Lincoln said no state has the right to leave the Union He said that no shot would be fired unless fired on Many slave states had not seceded Eventually four did not secede Slide 16 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Attack on Fort Sumter Most Union soldiers left the federal posts in the south & the south took possession of them ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Only a few forts remained The South wanted Fort Sumter, South Carolina because it protected Charleston The commander refused to surrender it Many people watched as they attacked the fort not realizing that this battle was the start of the Civil War ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Slide 17 ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________