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Exam
Name___________________________________
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Figure 1.1
Using Figure 1.1, identify the following:
1) Identify the cavity that houses the brain.
1)
2) Label B points to the __________ cavity.
2)
3)
3)
Identify the cavity formed by the rib cage.
4) Identify the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the rest of the ventral cavity.
4)
5) Label E points to the __________ cavity.
5)
6) Identify the cavity that houses reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and the rectum.
6)
Fill in the blank or provide a short answer:
7) Groups of cells that have a common function are termed __________.
7)
8) The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the __________ system.
8)
9) The system that functions in the storage of minerals, such as calcium, is called the
__________ system.
9)
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10) The __________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the
__________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine.
10)
11) __________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body.
11)
12) The ability to sense changes and react to them is termed __________ or __________.
12)
13) The component of a control system that provides the means for the control centerʹs
response (output) is called the __________.
13)
14) The study of the bodyʹs small structures using a microscope is called __________.
14)
15) The role of the effector in the negative feedback mechanism is to __________ the stimulus
while it __________ the stimulus in the positive feedback mechanism.
15)
16) The bodyʹs ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as __________.
16)
17) The navel is __________ to the spine.
17)
18) The armpit area is called the __________ region.
18)
19) The antebrachial region is __________ to the brachial region.
19)
20) The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the __________.
20)
21) The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the __________ region.
21)
22) The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the __________ cavity.
22)
23) A __________ section divides the body into equal left and right halves.
23)
24) Blood is categorized as a __________ because it is composed of similar cells with a common
function.
24)
25) Ventral is a directional term synonymous with __________ in humans.
25)
26) The three medial regions of the abdominopelvic cavity are __________, __________, and
__________.
26)
27) The navel is located in the __________ region of the abdominopelvic cavity.
27)
28) The two major body cavities are __________ and __________ .
28)
29) Blood clotting and the birth of a baby are examples of the __________ feedback mechanism.
29)
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30) The orbital cavities house the __________.
30)
31) The abdominopelvic cavity has __________ quadrants and __________ regions.
31)
32) The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.
32)
33) The epigastric region is __________ to the right hypochondriac region of the
abdominopelvic cavity.
33)
Figure 1.2
Using Figure 1.2, identify the following:
34) Which region is associated with the hip and is situated lateral to the hypogastric region?
34)
35) Which region is the umbilical region?
35)
36) Which region is lateral to the umbilical region?
36)
37) Which region is associated with the lower ribs?
37)
38) The hypogastric region is:
38)
39) The epigastric region is:
39)
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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
40) The study of the function of the body and body parts is called:
A) irritability
B) homeostasis
C) physiology
D) anatomy
E) negative feedback
40)
41) Which of the following activities does NOT represent an anatomical study:
A) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope
B) examining the surface of a bone
C) observing the parts of a reproducing cell
D) studying how the nerves conduct electrical impulses
E) making a section through the heart to observe its interior
41)
42) Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels
of structural organization of the human body:
A) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ system level, organismal level, organ level
B) cellular level, chemical level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
C) chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
D) cellular level, tissue level, chemical level, organ level, organ system level, organismal level
E) chemical level, tissue level, cellular level, organ system level, organ level, organismal level
42)
43) The building blocks of all matter are known as:
A) cells
B) atoms
C) organs
D) organ systems
E) tissues
43)
44) Hematopoiesis, or blood cell formation, is a function of the:
A) muscular system
B) respiratory system
C) integumentary system
D) skeletal system
E) nervous system
44)
45) The main function of the respiratory system is:
A) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues
B) produce sperm and eggs
C) control body activities through hormones released into the blood
D) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
E) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal
45)
46) The system that controls and coordinates the body through hormones is the
A) digestive system
B) nervous system
C) integumentary system
D) endocrine system
E) skeletal system
46)
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47) The muscular system consists of the:
A) muscles of the heart
B) skeletal muscles and the muscles of the heart
C) muscles in the walls of hollow organs
D) muscles of the heart and those in the walls of the hollow organs
E) skeletal muscles
47)
48) Which two organ systems include the pancreas:
A) digestive and respiratory systems
B) urinary and respiratory systems
C) digestive and endocrine systems
D) reproductive and urinary systems
E) endocrine and respiratory systems
48)
49) Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues:
A) nervous system
B) skeletal system
C) integumentary system
D) lymphatic system
E) endocrine system
49)
50) What is the major function of the urinary system:
A) return leaked fluids back to the cardiovascular system
B) eliminate nitrogen-containing metabolic wastes from the body
C) produce offspring
D) break down food into absorbable units
E) secrete hormones to regulate body processes such as growth and reproduction
50)
51) Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function:
A) responsiveness
B) metabolism
C) maintaining boundaries
D) movement
E) nutrients
51)
52) Which of the following systems is matched most accurately to the life function it provides:
A) respiratory system - digestion
B) nervous system - responsiveness
C) muscular system - maintaining boundaries
D) nervous system - excretion
E) integumentary system - movement
52)
53) Which of these is NOT a survival need:
A) nutrients
B) reproduction
C) water
D) oxygen
E) body temperature
53)
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54) Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system:
A) receptor, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response
B) receptor, stimulus, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response
C) stimulus, receptor, afferent pathway, control center, efferent pathway, effector, response
D) effector, stimulus, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, receptor, response
E) stimulus, receptor, efferent pathway, control center, afferent pathway, effector, response
54)
55) Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change:
A) effector
B) control center
C) receptor
D) efferent pathway
E) stimulus
55)
56) Positive feedback systems:
A) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is enhanced and increases
B) regulate heart and breathing rates
C) regulate heart and breathing rates, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is
enhanced and increases
D) operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut off or reduced
E) regulate heart and breathing rates, and operate in such a way that the initial stimulus is shut
off or reduced
56)
57) Which of the following is considered a normal body temperature:
A) 35 degrees Celsius
B) 29 degree Celsius
C) 42 degrees Celsius
D) 37 degrees Celsius
E) 45 degrees Celsius
57)
58) When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees:
A) medial
B) deep
C) distal
D) superior
E) proximal
58)
59) Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans):
A) superior and caudal
B) anterior and ventral
C) anterior and dorsal
D) inferior and cephalad
E) inferior and cranial
59)
60) Which of the following orientation terms have opposite meanings (in humans):
A) posterior and intermediate
B) medial and anterior
C) distal and proximal
D) superficial and proximal
E) medial and distal
60)
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61)
61) Which of the following regional terms means the anterior surface of the elbow:
A) gluteal region
B) calcaneal region
C) scapular region
D) antecubital region
E) vertebral region
62) Mandy pulled a muscle in the inguinal region. Where is this region:
A) hip
B) buttock
C) groin
D) leg
62)
E) thigh
63) In describing the relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions:
A) the patellar region is lateral to the popliteal region
B) the patellar region is proximal to the popliteal region
C) the patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region
D) the patellar region is distal to the popliteal region
E) the patellar region is superior to the popliteal region
63)
64) Which body cavity can be subdivided into four quadrants and nine regions:
A) spinal cavity
B) orbital cavity
C) thoracic cavity
D) abdominopelvic cavity
E) nasal cavity
64)
65) The lungs and heart are situated in the __________ body cavity.
A) thoracic
B) cranial
C) dorsal
D) abdominopelvic
E) spinal
65)
66) Which of these body regions is located on the anterior side of the body:
A) gluteal
B) popliteal
C) sternal
D) occipital
66)
E) lumbar
67) The region that refers to the fingers and toes is the:
A) axillary region
B) digital region
C) antebrachial region
D) brachial region
E) carpal region
67)
68) The dorsal body cavity houses the:
A) urinary and reproductive organs
B) digestive and reproductive organs
C) heart and lungs
D) tongue
E) spinal cord and brain
68)
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69) Which of these regions are associated with the parts of the arm:
A) femoral, popliteal, patellar
B) brachial, antecubital, carpal
C) nasal, oral, occipital
D) pelvic, pubic, inguinal
E) acromial, sacral, gluteal
69)
70) Which of these regions is NOT associated with the ventral (anterior) portion of the head:
A) nasal
B) occipital
C) orbital
D) oral
E) buccal
70)
71) A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called:
A) frontal
B) coronal
C) oblique
D) median (midsagittal)
E) transverse
71)
72) Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity:
A) ventral
B) dorsal
C) sagittal
D) coronal
E) transverse
72)
73) Which ventral cavity subdivision has no bony protection:
A) thoracic
B) pelvic
C) cranial
D) abdominal
E) spinal
73)
74) Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial:
A) umbilical, right lumbar, and left lumbar regions
B) iliac (inguinal), lumbar, and hypogastric regions
C) right and left iliac (inguinal), and hypogastric regions
D) epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric regions
E) epigastric, right, and left hypochondriac regions
74)
75) The thoracic cavity is __________ to the abdominopelvic cavity.
A) superior
B) dorsal
C) inferior
D) proximal
75)
E) lateral
76) The ribs are located in the:
A) right and left hypochondriac regions
B) right and left inguinal regions
C) right and left lumbar regions
D) right and left pubic regions
E) right and left iliac regions
76)
77) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the location of the stomach:
A) the stomach is located in the left upper quadrant
B) the stomach is located in the left lower quadrant
C) the stomach is located medially
D) the stomach is located in the right lower quadrant
E) the stomach is located in the right upper quadrant
77)
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TRUE/FALSE. Write ʹTʹ if the statement is true and ʹFʹ if the statement is false.
78) The highest level of structural organization in humans is the organ level.
78)
79) The endocrine system is the fast-acting body control system.
79)
80) The adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, and parathryoids are glands of the endocrine system.
80)
81) The lymphatic system collects fluids leaked by the cardiovascular system and returns them to the
bloodstream.
81)
82) The maintenance of boundaries between the internal organs of the body and the outside world is
achieved by the endocrine system.
82)
83) Most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback reactions.
83)
84) The human body consists of approximately 60% to 80% water.
84)
85) In anatomical positions, the palms are oriented medially.
85)
86) The heel of the foot constitutes the plantar region.
86)
87) Proximal means farther from the origin of a body part.
87)
88) The hypogastric region is directly superior to the umbilical region.
88)
89) The thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm.
89)
90) The spinal cavity is part of the ventral body cavity.
90)
91) Transverse or horizontal sections divide the body into anterior and posterior parts.
91)
92) There is no physical structure that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.
92)
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MATCHING. Choose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1.
Match the following:
93) Superior
A) toward the head
94) Dorsal
B) away from the midline
95) Lateral
96) Deep
C) close to the origin of the body part or the
point of attachment of a limb to the body
trunk
97) Distal
D) away from the head
98) Medial
E) toward the midline
99) Superficial
F) farther from the origin of a body part or
the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk
100) Proximal
101) Ventral
93)
94)
95)
96)
97)
98)
99)
100)
G) on the inner side
101)
H) away from the body surface
I) toward the body surface
J) behind
K) in front of
Match the following:
102) Axillary
A) posterior knee
103) Olecranal
B) posterior surface of head
104) Deltoid
C) curve of shoulder
105) Antebrachial
D) armpit
106) Popliteal
E) elbow
107) Umbilical
F) forearm
108) Occipital
G) navel
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102)
103)
104)
105)
106)
107)
108)
109) Fibular
A) lateral surface of leg
110) Patellar
B) leg
111) Crural
C) anterior knee
Match the following.
112) Produces hormones
A) endocrine system
113) Cleansing of blood by lymph nodes
B) respiratory system
114) Site of hematopoiesis
C) urinary system
115) Regulation of water and electrolytes
D) digestive system
116) Skeletal muscles move the bones
E) integumentary system
117) Helps regulate body temperature
F) muscular system
109)
110)
111)
112)
113)
114)
115)
116)
117)
G) skeletal system
H) lymphatic system
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
118) Distinguish between anatomy and physiology.
119) List, and briefly define, the human bodyʹs organization levels from smallest to largest.
120) Of the eight necessary human life functions, which one do you think is not absolutely necessary for us to
survive on an organismal level? Explain your choice.
121) List and explain the five survival needs of humans.
122) Describe how a midsagittal section differs from a sagittal section.
123) Identify the two dorsal body cavities, and state their locations and the organs contained therein
124) Compare and contrast the antecubital region to the olecranal region.
125) Explain how scratching an itch is an example of the negative feedback mechanism.
126) Explain the terms distal and proximal using an example.
127) Describe anatomical position. Explain why anatomical position is used.
128) Describe the role of the effector in the negative feedback system.
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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
1) A
2) spinal
3) C
4) D
5) abdominal
6) F
7) tissues
8) cardiovascular
9) skeletal
10) digestive; urinary
11) Metabolism
12) irritability; responsiveness
13) effector
14) microscopic anatomy
15) decrease, inhibit, or depress; enhances or increases
16) homeostasis
17) ventral or anterior
18) axillary
19) inferior or distal
20) mediastinum
21) hypogastric
22) dorsal
23) midsagittal or median
24) tissue
25) anterior
26) epigastric region, umbilical region, hypogastric region
27) umbilical
28) ventral; dorsal
29) positive
30) eyes
31) 4; 9
32) superior
33) medial
34) F
35) C
36) D
37) B
38) E
39) A
40) C
41) D
42) C
43) B
44) D
45) D
46) D
47) E
48) C
49) C
50) B
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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
51) E
52) B
53) B
54) C
55) C
56) A
57) D
58) C
59) B
60) C
61) D
62) C
63) C
64) D
65) A
66) C
67) B
68) E
69) B
70) B
71) D
72) E
73) D
74) D
75) A
76) A
77) A
78) FALSE
79) FALSE
80) TRUE
81) TRUE
82) FALSE
83) TRUE
84) TRUE
85) FALSE
86) FALSE
87) FALSE
88) FALSE
89) TRUE
90) FALSE
91) FALSE
92) TRUE
93) A
94) J
95) B
96) H
97) F
98) E
99) I
100) C
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Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
101)
102)
103)
104)
105)
106)
107)
108)
109)
110)
111)
112)
113)
114)
115)
116)
117)
118)
K
D
E
C
F
A
G
B
A
C
B
A
H
G
C
F
E
Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and body parts, and their relationships to one another
Physiology is the study of how the body and its parts work or function.
119) 1. chemical level:
a. atoms are the basic building blocks of matter
b. molecules are units formed by atoms combining
2. cellular level: cells are the smallest living unit in living organisms
3. tissue level: tissues are groupings of cells performing a common function
4. organ level: an organ is a structure consisting of two or more tissue types
5. organ system level: an organ system describes a group of organs functioning cooperatively for a common purpose
120)
121)
122)
123)
6. organism level: a human organism consists of all of the organ systems of the body working together to promote
healthy functioning (homeostasis)
Reproduction at the organismal level is not absolutely necessary for each of us to survive day by day. It is not critical
for our own survival that we reproduce new offspring via the production of eggs or sperm. Therefore, humans can live
without a functional reproductive system and still maintain life.
1. Nutrientsinclude carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which are taken in via the diet for energy and cell building.
2. Oxygenrequired to release energy from food.
3. Wateraccounts for over 60% of the body weight, and provides the basis for various body fluids.
4. Appropriate body temperaturewhen too high or too low, physiological activities cease, primarily because
molecules are destroyed or become nonfunctional.
5. Appropriate atmospheric pressurethe force exerted on the surface of the body by the weight of air; is essential for
normal operation of the respiratory system and breathing.
A cut down the median plane of the body is known as a midsagittal or median section. This type of section creates
equal left and right parts. A sagittal section creates a longitudinal cut down the body that creates left and right parts,
presumably unequal.
1. Cranial cavitythe superior posterior space inside the bony skull that houses the brain.
2. Spinal cavitythe inferior posterior space inside the bony vertebral column that houses the spinal cord.
14
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED1
124) The antecubital region is the anterior surface of the elbow while the olecranal region is the posterior surface of the
elbow. While both of these regions refer to the elbow, the antecubital region is anterior surface and the olecranal region
is posterior surface.
125) 1. Stimulus or input is the itch.
2. A receptor carries the information about the stimulus (itch) to the brain via an afferent pathway.
3. Control center (brain) analyzes this information an turns on an effector which will cancel the stimulus.
4. Information reaches the effector via the efferent pathway from the brain. Muscles move the hand to scratch the itch.
5. Scratching continues until the itch goes away. The brain shuts off the effector once homeostasis is restored.
126) The term distal means farther from the origin of a body part or point or the attachment of a limb to the trunk. The ankle
is distal to the knee means the ankle is further from the legʹs attachment to the trunk than the knee. The term proximal
means closer to the origin of a body part of the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk. The knee is proximal to the
ankle means the knee is closer to the legʹs attachment to the trunk than the ankle.
127) Anatomical position is defined as standing erect, feet parallel to the arms, palms facing forward. Anatomical position is
used because it is a standard position; it also helps us to avoid confusion. Additionally, anatomical position is a
reference point that helps us accurately describe body parts and position.
128) The effector is the control centerʹs output and response to the stimulus. The effectorʹs job is to cancel or shut off the
control mechanism.
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