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Transcript
Current o Current is the rate of flow of electrons/charge The symbol for current is I The units for current are amperes or amp or A It is measured in amperes using an ammeter Ammeters must be connected in series One ampere is defined as the amount of charge (Q) of electrons flowing past a point each second Charge is measured in coulombs (1 coulomb= 6.28 X 1018 electrons) Formula: I =Q/t Quantity Symbol Formula Unit Time t sec Charge Q C or coulomb Current I Q/t A or amp 1 Circuit Diagram DC Current vs. AC Current • Direct current (DC) flows in one direction the circuit. • • Batteries generate a direct current Alternating current (AC) flows first in one direction then in the opposite direction. • House hold wiring carries AC current 2 Voltage o Voltage is a force that pushes/drives the electrons/charge Voltage is measured in volts (v) Voltage is the energy increase or decrease across source/battery or load/device using energy Voltage is calculated V=E/Q Units: Joules/Coulomb A Volt meter is used to measure voltage Voltmeters must be connected in parallel ie around the device being measured Quantity Symbol Formula Unit Energy E Joules Charge Q C or coulomb Voltage V E/Q V or volt 3 Circuit Diagram Circuit Diagram 4 Voltage in the Circuit o The algebraic sum of all voltages in a complete circuit is equal to zero o If we consider the source voltage to be positive, there will be a negative “voltage drop” across each resistor o The voltage drop across each resistor can be calculated with Ohms law -4v -8v 4v 12v 0v 12v I=2 12v Series vs. Parallel Circuits Series Circuits o A series circuit is a circuit in which the current can only flow through one path. o Current is the same at all points in a series circuit o The voltage is divided between the loads Parallel Circuits o In contrast, in a parallel circuit, there are multiple paths for current flow. o The current is divided between different paths. o The voltage increase at the battery is the same as the drop in voltage at each load 5 Water Example of Electric Circuit o The reservoir is the battery or other voltage source o Valve is a switch o The water is the charge (electrons) o Water pressure is is the voltage o The pipe is the conductor (wire) o The rate of flow (volume/s) is the current o Constrictions in the pipe represent resistors 6