Download Classical Conditioning

Unit 3
Due: Friday 12/4
Test Corrections
1. Correct Answer
2. What makes that answer correct
3. Where did you find that information.
Unit 4 Learning Outcomes
-Distinguish general differences between principles of classical conditioning, operant
conditioning, and observational learning
-Describe basic classical conditioning phenomena, such as acquisition, extinction,
spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination, and higher-order learning
-Predict the effects of operant conditioning (e .g ., positive reinforcement, negative
reinforcement, punishment)
-Identify key contributors in the psychology of learning (e .g ., Albert Bandura, John
Garcia, Ivan Pavlov, Robert Rescorla, B . F . Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Edward Tolman,
John B . Watson)
Learning and Conditioning
Most all behavior is learned.
Learning and Conditioning
Why?
By definition, learning is a
relatively permanent
change in behavior due to
experience.
Why would temporary
changes caused by
motivation, fatigue,
maturation, disease, injury,
and drugs be left out?
Learning and Conditioning
By definition, learning is a
relatively permanent
change in behavior due to
experience.
Why would temporary
changes caused by
motivation, fatigue,
maturation, disease, injury,
and drugs be left out?
While these can alter
behavior, doesn’t qualify
as learning
Learning and Conditioning
While some might believe
practice produces learning,
a better key is
reinforcement.
This is any event that
increases the probability
that a response will occur
again.
How might you teach a dog
a new trick?
A response is simply any
identifiable behavior, they
can be observable, or
internal. (overt or covert)
Learning and Conditioning
The secrets of learning lie in
what happens before and
after a response.
Learning and Conditioning
Events that occur before a
response are called
precedents/antecedent
Events that follow a
response are called
consequences.
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning is
based on what happens
before a response, or the
precedents
In classical conditioning,
antecedent events become
associated with one
another.
We see learning when the
new stimulus will also bring
forth a response.
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning is
based on what happens
before a response, or the
precedents
Classical Conditioning was
discovered in the lab of Ivan
Pavlov (who we have
already talked about)
Operant Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
occurs when learning is
based on the consequences
of responding.
Responses are followed by a
reinforcer, or punishment,
or nothing.
These results
determine
whether a
response is likely
to be made
again.
Operant Conditioning
Differs from classical
conditioning because we
associate responses with their
consequences.
Based on the principle that
things that are reinforced tend
to be repeated.
Observational Learning and Modeling
Observational Learning
When learning is achieved by watching
and imitating the actions of another
person, also noting their
consequences. Social awareness
Observational Learning and Modeling
You have to pay attention and remember what occurred
and have the ability to reproduce what was learned.
Learn a general rule that can be
applied to various other
situations
Learn new responses
Learn to carry out or avoid previously
learned responses
Learning and Conditioning Experiment Analysis
With a partner, you are going to look at a number of psychologists
that show each type of learning.
You need to research 3 of the 4 Learning psychologists that test
Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning, and Observational
Learning.
For each experiment, please create a small poster that includes the
following;
-Name of Psychologist
-Summary of beliefs/experiments
-How it shows conditioning (which type)
-How does it apply to our lives
-Anything interesting
Psychologist 1
Psychologist 2
Psychologist 3
Leave blank
Learning and Conditioning Experiment Analysis
After each of the experiments are placed around the room, I would
like to take a few minutes to take a look at them.
Please choose 2 experiments (other than your own) from each
category and summarize each in 2 sentences.
When you are finished, take a seat and reflect on the following
question.
How would you choose to test each of the types of
learning/conditioning?
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning is
based on what happens
before a response, or the
precedents
Classical Conditioning was
discovered in the lab of Ivan
Pavlov (who we have
already talked about)
Classical Conditioning
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
Conditioned stimulus (CS)
A stimulus that, because of
learning, will evoke a
response
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
A stimulus innately capable of
eliciting a response
Classical Conditioning
Unconditioned Response (UR)
This is a non-learned response,
reflexes.
Conditioned response (CR)
These are learned responses
Classical Conditioning
Can it go away?
Extinction
Spontaneous recovery
Learning and Conditioning
The last thing I would like
for you to do today involves
Table 9.1 on page 277.
I want you to make sure you have this table copied
in your notes.
When you are finished, I would like for you to create
a scenario/story where there is a NS, US, CS, UR,
and CR. You will turn this in when completed.