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Transcript
ANCIENT ROME Where is Ancient Rome? • Rome is located in Southern Europe. • It is in the present day country of Italy. • Italy is a peninsula, which means it has water on three sides. • This allowed the Romans to trade with others in the region. How was Rome founded? • Rome has a mythical beginning. • Twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, were sons of the war god Mars and left abandoned as babies. • A she-wolf fed them and kept them alive. • They grew up, fought over who would name the city. • Romulus killed Remus; therefore, he called the city Rome. How was Rome governed? • Around 500 BC, Rome became a republic. • A republic is a government where representatives are chosen by the people. • The people of Rome were represented in the Senate. How did Rome expand? • Rome was able to expand because of its well trained and organized armies. • In addition, Rome built roads that connected the Empire that allowed troops easy movement. How were the people of Rome divided? • Romans were split into two main social classes. • The Patricians were the landholding upper class. • The Plebeians were the commoners of Rome. • The majority of the people were Plebeians but the Patricians had most of the power. What happened to the city of Rome? • Rome itself grew much larger than any city ever had before. • Over one million people lived in and around the city. • They had running water and sewers. How did Rome get Water? • The Romans built enormous aqueducts designed to bring water into the city. • They used a new architectural technique called the arch. • They had a very small slant that carried water downhill for miles and miles. What did Romans do for fun? • Romans enjoyed violent entertainment. • They watched gladiators fight to the death in many arenas, most famously the Coliseum. • They watched chariot races, which often involved bloody crashes. The Roman Forum • The Roman Forum was a place where people could express their ideas. • It was also a place that decrees of the Senate and later the Emperor were announced to the people. Roman Religion • Romans had similar gods to the Greeks, except they had different names. For example: Zeus becomes Jupiter, Ares becomes Mars. • They built enormous temples, like the Pantheon. Rome becomes an Empire • After rising to prominence in a variety of military campaigns, Julius Caesar brings his troops to Rome in 49 BC and makes himself a dictator. • He keeps the Senate around but keeps all real power for himself. • In 44 BC, he is murdered in the Senate by people who want to bring back the old government. The Roman Empire • After Julius Caesar is assassinated, there is a civil war fighting for control. • Caesar’s nephew Octavian becomes emperor, and changes his name to Caesar Augustus. Hadrian’s Wall • Around 150 AD, the Emperor Hadrian builds a huge wall to separate the Roman part of what is now England from the non-Roman part. • Much of it still exists today. The Decline of Rome • After Augustus, there is a 200 year peaceful period called the Pax Romana, or Roman Peace. • Around 180 AD, problems arose in the empire and the Empire begins to decline. • In 476 AD, Rome is sacked and the Empire is officially dead. Why did Rome decline? • Government was corrupt. • The government had huge building projects that cost lots of money. • Tribes invaded from the North. • Poverty and unemployment were very high. • Moral values declined. The Discovery of Pompeii • In 1748, one of the greatest archeological discoveries of all times occurred. • The Roman city of Pompeii had been destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, preserving the town forever.