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Transcript
Quantum Numbers ! The!four!quantum!numbers!describe!the!location!of!an!electron!within!an!atom.!!You!can!think!of!it!as!the!electron’s!address.! ! Quantum' number' Letter' Corresponds'to:' Describes:' Values:' Maximum' number'of' electrons' Misc.' Practice' 1st' ! n' ! Energy!! Level! Relative!size!of!the! electron!cloud!(in!other! words,!the!distance!from! the!nucleus)! ! 1!to!n! ! 2n2! The!higher!the! value!of!n,!the! greater!the! energy!of!the! electron! Calculate!the!maximum! number!of!electrons!that!can! occupy!the!1st,!3rd,!and!7th! energy!levels.! l!=!0!to!nN1! ! s!=!0! p!=!1! d!=!2! f!=!3! 1!orbital!can!hold!2! eN! ! s!=!1!orbital!!=!2!eN! p!=!3!orbitals=!6!eN! d!=!5!orbitals!=!10! eN! f!=!7!orbitals!=!14! eN! ! ! ! An!energy!level!is! made!up!of!many! closely!grouped! energy!states!or! sublevels.!!The! number!of! sublevels!in!an! energy!level!=!n! What!sublevels!are!in!the! following!energy!levels?! 1st?! 2nd?! 3rd?! 4th?! How!many!sublevels!are! there!in!the!9th!energy!level?! Orbital!–!space! occupied!by!1!pair! of!electrons.! Degenerate' orbitals:!orbitals! with!equivalent! energy.!! How!many!orbitals!are!in! the!5th!energy!level?! How!many!electrons!can!the! 5th!energy!level!hold?! Pauli'Exclusion' Principle:' No!2!electrons!in! an!atom!can!have! the!same!4! quantum! numbers.! Write!out!the!orbitals!for!! C!and!name!the!four! quantum!numbers!for!the! last!electron.! Principal! Quantum! number! ! 2nd' ! (Angular! ! momentum)! l' ! ! ! ! ! Sublevel! 3rd' ! m' ! Orbital! Orientation!in!space!of! the!orbital.!(The!!axis!the! orbital!lies!on.)! ' s' ! Spin! Direction!of!electron!spin! Clockwise=!N1/2! CounterNclockwise! (clockwise!or!counterN =!+1/2! clockwise).! ! (magnetic)! ! ! ! 4th' (spin)! ! ! ! Shape!or!type!of!orbital! (shapes!on!back)! ! s!(spherical!shape)! p!!(dumbNbell!shape)! d''! f' Nl!to!+l! 1!s!orbital!=!0! 3!p!orbitals!=!N1,!0,!1! 5!d!orb.!=!N2,N1,0,1,2! 7!f!orb.!=!N3,N2,N 1,0,1,2,3! 2!in!each!orbital! ! N/A!
