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Principles of Health Science - Review Answers -Cardiovascular System Test Name: _______________________________ Date: __________ Block: _______ Be able to match these terms with their definition: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Heart valves: located between the atria and ventricles; provides one-way flow of blood Aort/o: aorta Arteries: carry blood away from the heart Capillaries: nutrient and gas exchange Septum: divides the heart into right and left sides Peri: around Heartbeat: cardiac cycle Brady: slower than normal My/o: muscle Bicuspid Valve: located on the left side of the heart Tachy: faster than normal Veins: carry blood back to the heart Systole: contraction of the heart chambers Tricuspid Valve: located on the right side of the heart Diastole: relaxation of the heart chambers Thromb/o: clot –cyt: cell Steth/o: chest –ac: pertaining to –rrhexis: rupture Angi/o: blood vessel Ech/o: sound –sclerosis: hardening –penia: abnormal reduction in number phelb/o: vein Know the three layers of the heart: 1. Epicardium 2. Myocardium 3. Endocardium Know the three types of circulation: 1. Pulmonary 2. Coronary 3. Systemic What is the “pacemaker” of the heart? SA Node Know the four chambers of the heart: 1. Right Atrium 2. Right Ventricle 3. Left Atrium 4. Left Ventricle What is an Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)? The recording of electrical changes that happen in the myocardium during a cardiac cycle What is Hemophilia? An inherited clotting disorder caused by a deficiency in a clotting factor What is Atherosclerosis? Caused by a build-up of plaque, mainly cholesterol, under the inner lining of the arteries What are Hemorrhoids? Caused by the valves in the vein becoming weak What is the procedure known as Angioplasty? Threading a long tube through an arm or leg vessel to where the blocked artery is located; inflating the balloon; forcing the vessel open What is Hypertension? High blood pressure; consistently higher than 130/80 What is Phlebitis? Inflammation of a vein; might lead to a blood clot. If the clot would dislodge, this could cause death. What is a Heart Attack? Also called a Myocardial Infarction (MI); when the flow of oxygen-rich blood becomes blocked to a section of the heart muscle; the window of opportunity is vital to the patient’s survival. What is a Stroke? Also called a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA); an embolus lodges in a cerebral blood vessel or a cerebral blood vessel bursts; due to a lack of oxygen, a portion of it dies. What is Plasma? 90-92% water; makes up 55% of your blood volume Three Components of Formed Elements- makes up 45% of your blood volume: A. Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells/RBC’s) – transport oxygen; life span is 120 days B. Leukocytes – (White Blood Cells/WBC’s) defend against infection/diseases C. Platelets (Thrombocytes) – clotting of blood; life span is 10 days How many blood types? List them: 4 types: A, B, AB, and O Universal Recipient: AB Universal Donor: O If the students turn in their review, totally completed, they may obtain a 5-point bonus on the Test!