Download psych therapies

Psychological Therapies
example
crash course
"Bring Me To Life"-therapy; start @ 24:24
Philippe Pinel
• French doctor who was
the first to take the
chains off and declare
that these people are
sick and “a cure must be
found!!!”
• Dorethea Dix- American
reformer!
Two Types of Therapy
Psychological Therapies
• Structured interactions
between a trained
professional and a client
• AKA – Psychotherapy;
many types
• Most influential:
–
–
–
–
Psychoanalysis
Humanistic Therapy
Behavioral Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Biomedical Therapies
• Therapies that act
directly on a client’s
nervous system
• AKA – Somatic Therapy
• Emphasizes
Psychopharmacology
Psychoanalytic Therapy
crash course
who?
• Psychoanalysis
(childhood
experiences….
hypnosis , free
association, dream
interpretation
•
15 min (dream interpretation)
• Unconscious
• Transference
• Catharsis
•
Fried Green Tomatoes
Resistance/Transference
Resistance
• The blocking from
consciousness of anxiety
causing material
Transference
• In psychoanalysis, the
patient’s transfer to the
analyst of emotions
linked with other
relationships.
• Example:
•
Sheldon's psychotherapy
Humanistic Therapy
start @ 4:29
• Client-Centered Therapy
by Carl Rogers
• These are non-directive
therapies and use active
listening.
• Self-actualization, freewill and unconditional
positive regard.
• Gestalt Therapy by Fritz
Perls encourage clients to
get in touch with whole
self.
Client (Person) Centered Therapy
• Developed by Carl Rogers
• Therapist uses
genuineness, acceptance,
and empathy, showing
unconditional positive
regard.
• Goal – Clients deepen self
understanding and self
acceptance
BEHAVIORAL THERAPY
START
@ 6:06
• B.F. Skinner and other behaviorists question
the effectiveness/value of “talk” therapies.
• Therapy that applies learning principles to the
elimination of unwanted behaviors.
• The behaviors are the problems - so we must
change the behaviors.
• Counterconditioning
– Based on Classical
Conditioning
– i.e.
• Aversive Conditioning
• Systematic Desensitization
• Flooding
• Operant Conditioning
• Token Economy
Behavior Therapy
 Systematic Desensitization
Systematic Desensitization
example
• A type of counterconditioning that
associates a pleasant relaxed state
with gradually increasing anxietytriggering stimuli.
How would you use
systematic
desensitization to reduce
the fear of dentists?
ANXIETY HIERARCHY USED IN SYSTEMATC
DESENSITIZATION
Flooding
Virtual Technology / Exposure Therapy
example
Aversive Conditioning
Aversive Conditioning
• A type of counterconditioning that
associates an unpleasant state with an
unwanted behavior.
How would putting poop on the fingernails
of a nail biter effect their behavior?
Aversive Conditioning
• Associating unpleasant state /stimuli
with an unwanted behavior
• Using aversive conditioning, what are
some ways you can change the behavior
of your friends who bite their
fingernails?
Operant Conditioning
Token Economy: an operant conditioning
procedure that rewards a desired
behavior.
A patient exchanges a token of some sort,
earned for exhibiting the desired behavior,
for various privileges or treats.
Cognitive Therapy
8:20
• Change the way we
think(change our
schemas)
• Aaron Beck
• Albert Ellis and
Rational Emotive
Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
Cognitive Therapy
• Cognitive
Therapists try to
teach people new,
more
constructive ways
of thinking.
Is .300 a good or bad
batting average?
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Aaron Beck and his view of
Depression
• Noticed that
depressed people were
similar in the way they
viewed the world.
• Used cognitive therapy
get people to take off
the “dark sunglasses” in
which they view their
surroundings
Cognitive TherapyDoes It Work?
Group Therapy
START @ 9:56
Eclectic Approach
• the most “popular”
approach to
therapy; combining
different
techniques from
the various
approaches to
psychotherapy
How effective is Psychotherapy?
• Depends on the measure…
– Client Perceptions? Yes…
– Clinician Perceptions? Yes…
– Scientific Research?
• Eysenck’s challenge in 1950’s – noted
little differences in treated vs. nontreated
• Meta-Analysis ( statistically combining
the results of many different studies)
offer different conclusions…
Comparison of Psychotherapies
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uA0DHzoPpY
Comparison of Psychotherapies
Comparison of Psychotherapies
Comparison of Psychotherapies
Comparison of Psychotherapies
Comparison of Psychotherapies
Somatic Therapies
START @ 4:56
(psychiatrist or clinical psychologist?)
Psychopharmacology
• Antipsychotics
(thorazine, haldol)
• Anti-anxiety (valium,
barbiturates, Xanax)
• Mood Disorders
(serotonin reuptake
inhibitors-SRI)
• Bipolar (lithium)
Psychopharmacology
• The study of the effects of drugs
on mind and behavior.
Antianxiety Drugs
• i.e. - Valium ,Xanax, Ativan
• like alcohol, they depress nervous
system activity
• may lead to psychological dependence
Mood Stabilizers
• Lithium
aka - Lithium Carbonate
a cheap salt that provides effective
drug therapy for the mood swings of
bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder
• Depakote
originally used to treat seizures
also used in treatment of bipolar
disorder
Antidepressant Drugs
• Lift you up out of
depression.
Most increase the neurotransmitter
norepinephrine and serotonin.
Antipsychotics
start @ 5:23
• i.e. - Thorazine, Clozaril
• dampen responsiveness to
irrelevant stimuli
• typically work by blocking the
neurotransmitter dopamine
(antagonist)
• side effects are common
(sluggishness, tremors,
twitches)
• most helpful in reducing
positive symptoms of
schizophrenia
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
• Work by blocking serotonin reuptake.
https://youtu.be/twhvtzd6gXA
• http://youtu.be/twhvtzd6gXA
Somatic Therapy
• Electroconvulsive
Therapy (ECT)- for
depression
• Psychosurgury
lobotomy
Transcranial Brain Stimulation
(treatment for depression)
SAD
Light therapy
Drugs and Hospitalization
Deinstitutionalization
Mental Health Professionals
Type
Description
Clinical Psychologist Ph.D. in Psychology, specializing in
research, assessment, & therapy with
supervised internship. Some work in
agencies/institutions, some in private
practice.
Clinical or Psychiatric
Social Workers
M.S. in Social Work; NASW certification
Counselors Varying degrees (perhaps just a B.S. or
B.A.); often provide simple verbal advice
and assistance rather than formal therapy
Psychiatrists M.D., specializing in treatment of Psych
Disorders; may or may not offer
psychotherapy; can prescribe meds; often
have their own medical practices
Important People
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
A. Beck
A. Ellis
S. Freud
M. C. Jones
C. Rogers
B.F. Skinner
J. Wolpe
• Behaviorist; would argue that therapy
should focus on abnormal behaviors
rather than their “roots/causes”
• Client-centered therapy; humanistic
psychology
• Psychoanalysis
• Behaviorist; Rational Emotive (Behavioral)
Therapy
• Amongst the first to use
counterconditioning; experiment w/ boy
afraid of rabbits; “mother of behavioral
therapy”
• Cognitive therapy; worked with depressed
patients; take off “dark sunglasses”
• Refined / published the work of M.C.
Jones