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Biological and Geological Evolution of Islands Developed by Michael Wing The Story: This unit is about both biological and geological evolution. Islands provide interesting, unusual examples of evolutionary change on a scale that is small and easy to understand. While the results of island evolution tend to be very different from evolution on a continental landmass, the mechanisms are the same. Islands simply become the context to learn evolutionary mechanisms. (apx. 4-6 weeks) Prerequisite knowledge: Prior Knowledge from Integrated Science 1-2. Builds on the concepts of natural selection from the Origins Unit. Basic planetary structure of the earth in IS 1-2, experience in experimental design, data interpretation, density, microscopy, scale, and conversion. Student Outcomes: Gain an understanding of earth’s geological processes involved in island formation by observing evidence of plate tectonics and rock samples. Connect the unique biological evolution of organisms on an isolated island system to the island’s geology. Understand the process of biological evolution on isolated island systems. Observe the results of biological evolution and describe the specific mechanisms that drive it. Outcome 1: Gain an understanding of earth’s geological processes involved in island formation by observing evidence of plate tectonics and rock samples. Indicator 1a: Investigate and interpret multiple lines of evidence related to plate tectonics. Indicator 1b: Discuss various island formation processes at an introductory level. Indicator 1c: Describe the internal structure of the earth and explain its relationship to plate tectonics. Indicator 1d: Identify major tectonic plates and surface features related to plate tectonics. Indicator 1e: Identify igneous rock types based on chemical composition and crystal size. Indicator 1f: Identify the mode of formation for various igneous rock specimens. Outcome 2: Connect the unique biological evolution of organisms on an isolated island system to the island’s geology. Indicator 2a: Describe examples of unique biological adaptations due to differing island geology. Indicator 2b: Describe the succession of new ecosystems on an isolated island. Indicator 2c: List and explain the limiting factors of closed ecosystems and how human impact can constrain it. Indicator 2d: Describe how human impact can influence biological evolution on an island. Outcome 3: Understand the process of biological evolution on isolated island systems. Indicator 3a: Identify some unique examples of biological evolution on islands. Indicator 3b: Discuss the difference between deterministic and random evolutionary factors. Indicator 3c: Distinguish between genetic equilibrium and disequilibrium. Outcome 4: Observe the results of biological evolution and describe the specific mechanisms that drive it. Indicator 4a: Define the concepts of gene flow and genetic drift and their relationship to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Indicator 4b: Calculate changes in gene/allele frequency using the Hardy-Weinberg equation. Indicator 4c: Define and provide examples of adaptive radiation as a speciation mechanism. Focus Questions: What are some unique evolutionary results on isolated islands? What are the processes of island formation and geological evolution? What are the processes of biological evolution on islands?
