* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Study Guide
Survey
Document related concepts
Ecological fitting wikipedia , lookup
Occupancy–abundance relationship wikipedia , lookup
Biogeography wikipedia , lookup
Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project wikipedia , lookup
Introduced species wikipedia , lookup
Habitat conservation wikipedia , lookup
Island restoration wikipedia , lookup
Reconciliation ecology wikipedia , lookup
Fauna of Africa wikipedia , lookup
Biodiversity action plan wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical ecology wikipedia , lookup
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Study Guide Test 3 Biology 122 Concepts, ideas and information you should know and understand: 1. Define: community, guild, trophic level, food web, trophic pyramid, horizontal interactions, indirect interactions, interaction web, species diversity, species richness, species evenness. 2. Why is a community more than the sum of its parts (species)? 3. Describe a rank-abundance curve, noting what is plotted along each axis. How would the curves differ for communities with relatively higher vs. lower species richness and for higher vs. lower species evenness? 4. What 2 pieces of information are used in calculating species diversity (such as the Shannon index)? 5. What would cause a community with low species richness have a higher species diversity than another community with higher species richness? 6. Define: foundation species, ecosystem engineer, & keystone species. Provide an example of each. 7. What is a species accumulation curve and why would you create one? 8. Michelle provided an example from her coral reef work of using functional groups/guilds of fishes as a way of looking at ecosystem function rather than using species diversity. What insight could be gained from this method? 9. Define alternative stable state. 10. What is parasitism? What is a parasite? 11. Be able to describe an example of the effects parasites can have on their hosts. 12. Know what a foundation species is. 13. With respect to species interactions (competition, predation), understand how direct and indirect effects affect species diversity. 14. What 2 pieces of information are used in calculating species diversity (such as the Shannon index)? 15. Define succession. Provide an example of the steps of succession in a community, being clear as to what happens to allow each step to proceed into the next. 16. At what point in community succession is species richness the greatest? Why? 17. What role does disturbance play in a community? 18. What is meant by “space for time substitution” of succession? 19. Define alternate stable states and give an example. 20. Know what biogeography is and the scales at which the variation can be studied. 21. Understand the factors that control species diversity at the local scale. 22. Understand the feeding relationships and how energy flows through an ecosystem. 23. Draw a trophic chain including detritus. 24. What does a trophic pyramid show and why is it shaped that way? Study Guide Test 3 Biology 122 25. Understand why the amount of the first trophic level (NPP) consumed is less in terrestrial than in aquatic systems (list 3 reasons) 26. Understand what is meant by trophic efficiency. Consumer efficiency. Assimilation efficiency. Production efficiency. 27. Know what is meant by a trophic cascade. 28. Be able to describe, using an example, of a top down and a bottom up cascade. 29. Understand why most ecosystems have <5 trophic levels. Be able to explain the factors that can affect them. 30. Understand what causes complexity in food webs. List at least 5 factors. 31. Know what a nutrient is and be able to give an example. 32. Know the sources of nutrients are. 33. Know what “fixation” means with respect to nutrients and be able to give an example. 34. Know what decomposers are, be able to give an example, and understand why they are important. 35. Understand the factors that affect the rate of decomposition (list 5 factors). 36. Know what is meant by residence time, limiting nutrients and plant recycling. 37. Understand what bioaccumulation/biomagnification is, what its effects are and be able to give an example.