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May 03, 2017 Terms you should know: - hemisphere - divisions of the globe: N, S, E, and W - latitude -imaginary horizontal parallel lines that divide the globe - the equator: halfway between North and South Poles -- 0 degrees lat. - longitude - imaginary vertical parallel lines - Prime Meridian: divides eastern and western hemispheres in half -- 0 degrees long. (in Greenwich, England) May 03, 2017 Why did people want to explore? Remember the Silk Road? - famous trade route - much older than the Renaissance - connected Europe and Asia by land -- all the way to China - thousands of miles long Marco Polo - Italian merchant - traveled to China in 1200's - lived with the Mongol leader Kublai Khan - 20 years - documented trip in famous book - inspired European trade interest in Asia Reasons for exploration 1) curiosity 2) trade - Asian goods are too expensive -- spices, silk - Silk Road controlled by ORoman Empire 3) new technology - caravel: new light ship, invented by Portuguese - compass - accurate maps May 03, 2017 Portugal (Portugal paves the way for the Age of Exploration) Henry the Navigator - Portuguese Prince - opened a school for sailors - encouraged trips along the west coast of Africa - not an explorer Bartolome Dias - Portuguese sailor - crossed the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) - hugged the coast of Africa - turned back after cross - first European to cross Cape Vasco da Gama - portuguese sailor after Dias - crossed Cape of Good Hope - open ocean trip - went to CalcuRa, India and back with spices May 03, 2017 May 03, 2017 Age of Exploration after Portugal Columbus - Italian - plan: reach Asia going West - meets King Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain and receives $$ and ships - landed in Caribbean - thought he was in India --> "Indians" - claimed land for Spain -established seRlements, made several trips -Taíno (Arawak people) May 03, 2017 Spain v. Portugal -leaders in AoE (both want trade routes and land --> $$) - both countries claimed land in South America - agreed on a line of demarcation - Spain = (non-Christian) land west of line - Portugal = (non-Christian) land east of line May 03, 2017 Exploration of the Americas Cabot - Italian - sailed for England - reached Canada - tried to sail through the Northwest Passage - goal: find a new route from Europe to Asia going west above or through N. America - not successful -many others tried Balboa - Spanish - explored Central America - first European to see Pacific Ocean --> "South Sea" Magellan - Portuguese - Sailed for Spain - Sailed from Spain west around Americas - through the Strait in boRom tip of South America - difficult and dangerous - lost ships and men - named the Strait of Magellan - named the Pacific Ocean after passing through Strait - died in the Phillipines - one ship returned to Spain - Circumnavigation: travel all around the globe - Magellan is first