Download Endocrine Aday

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Kacie Cavin, Laurna Todd, Cassidy Sheppard
 The
endocrine system is made up of glands
that release their products into the blood
stream. These products broadcast messages
throughout the body.
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The endocrine system is
in charge of body
processes that happen
slowly, such as cell
growth.
The endocrine system
works with the urinary
system, nervous system,
and digestive system.
The nervous system
works to maintain
homeostasis
 Hormones
are
chemicals that travel
through the
bloodstream and
affect the activities of
other cells.
 Hormones are able to
do this by binding to
specific cells called
Target Cells.
 A bodies response to
hormones are slower
and longer lasting than
a nerve impulse
A gland is a organ that
produces and releases
a substance or
secretion.
 Major Glands:
Hypothalamus, Pineal,
Pituitary, Thyroid,
Parathyroid, Pancreas,
and Thymus.

 The
Pituitary
Gland make
hormones.
 It is a pea-sized
structure that is
located at the
base of the
brain.
 The
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anterior lobe secretes several hormones
that are essential for the growth and
development.
The Growth Hormone is essential for the growth
and development of bones, muscles, and other
organs.
Hyposecretion of the growth hormone can
cause dwarfism and Simmonds disease.
Hypersecretion can cause gigantism during
child years and acromegaly during adult years
 Adrenocorticotropin
is needed for growth
and development for the middle and inner
zones of the adrenal cortex
 Follicle-Stimulating
Hormone is a
gonadotropic hormone that is essential for
the growth of ovarian follicles in the female
reproductive system and production of
sperm in the male
 As
with the Follicle-Stimulating Hormones,
the luteinizing hormone is a gonadotropic
hormone that is essential in the maturation
of the ovarian follicles and the corpus
luteum in the female & the production of
testosterone in males
 Prolactin is a gonadotropic hormone that
stimulates the growth and development of
the mammary glands
 This
hormone regulates skin pigmentation
and promotes the deposit of melanin in the
skin after exposure to sunlight
 This
lobe stores and secretes two very
important hormones: antidiuretic hormone
and oxytocin
 Antidiuretic Hormone stimulates the
reabsorption of water by the renal tubules &
has a pressor effect that elevates blood
pressure. Hyposecretion can result in
diabetes insipidus
 Oxytocin helps the release of milk during
suckling & stimulates the uterus
 The
Pineal gland releases melatonin, which
is involved in rhythmic activities
 Melatonin can be used to help regulate the
release of gonadotropin
 Serotonin is a hormone that is a
neurotransmitter, vasoconstrictor, etc & it
acts to inhibit gastric secretion
 Thyroid
has the major role in regulating the
bodies metabolism levels. This gland also
produces thyroxine.
 Thyroxine (T4) helps maintain and regulate
the basal metabolic rate. It has 4 iodine
atoms which are attached to its nucleas
 Triiodothyronine
(T3) is a thyroid hormone that
contains 3 iodine atoms
 Calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin) is a
hormone that influences bone and calcium
metabolism
 Hyposecretion of hormones T3 and T4 results in
cretinism during child years, myxedema during
adulthood, and Hashimotos disease which is a
chronic thyroid disease
 Hypersecretion
of T3 and T4 results in
hyperthyroidism (also known as
thyrotoxicosis and Graves Disease)
 These
glands are small, yellowish bodies
that are located on the dorsal surface and
lower thyroid gland
 Hormones from the thyroid and parathyroid
gland maintain homeostasis in the blood
calcium levels
 This gland also promotes proper nerve and
muscle function, and also bone structure
 Part
of this gland is to secrete the
parathyroid (PTH)
 PTH is short fo parathormone hormone,
which is essential for the maintenance of a
normal serum levels. It can also help with
the metabolism of phosphorus
 Hyposecretion can result in
hypoparathyroidism, and hypersecretion can
result in hyperparathyroidism
 The
Pancreas is a cluster of cells that
resemble islands which is called islet of
Langerhans
 Pancreas gland produces insulin and
glucagon. It also regulates in the level of
glucose in the blood.
 There are three major types of cells: Alpha,
Beta, and Delta
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Alpha cells secretes Glucagon, which breaks
down glycogen to glucose and elevates
blood sugar
Beta cells secretes Insulin which is needed
to maintain normal blood sugar, and also for
life. It regulates metabolism of glucose, and
of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Delta cells secrete Somatostatin, which
lessens the release of glucagon and insulin.
 Two
pyramid-shaped structures that sit on
top of the kidneys
 Helps the body prepare for and deal with
stress
 The outer part is called the adrenal cortex
and the inner part is called the adrenal
medulla
 More
than 80% of the Adrenal Gland is
located here
 The cortex secretes the Glucocorticoids, the
Mineralocorticoids, and the Androgens.
• The Glucocorticoid has two hormones:
cortisol and corticosterone
 The
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Glucocorticoid has two hormones:
cortisol and corticosterone
Cortisol is the main hormone that is secreted
by the cortex
Corticosterone is secreted by the adrenal
cortex
 Aldosterone
is a principle of
Mineralocorticoid secreted by the Adrenal
Cortex
 Is essential in regulating electrolyte and
water balance by promoting sodium and
chloride retention and potassium excretion
 Reduced plasma volume can be a result of
hyposecretion, and Primary aldosteronism
can be a result of hypersecretion
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The Medulla synthesizes, secretes, and stores
catecholamines, specifically Dopamine, Epinephrine,
and Norepinephrine
Dopamine dilates systemic arteries, elevates systolic
blood pressure, etc
Epinephrine acts as a vasoconstrictor. Its main function
is to regulates the sympathetic branch of the automatic
nervous system
Norepinephrine acts as vasopressor, etc. It elevates
systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increase heart
rate & cardiac output
 Ovaries
produce estrogens and
progesterone, which are female hormones
 Estrogen is the female hormone and
Progesterone is a steroid hormone
 Both are essential for promoting growth,
development, and maintenance
 The
Testes produce the male hormone
Testosterone, which helps with normal
growth and development for the male sex
organs
 The
placenta serves as a endocrine gland. It
connects the mother and child together
during the pregnancy.
 Produces chorionic gondaotropin hormone,
estrogen, and progesterone
 This
mucosa area of the pyloric area of the
stomach makes the hormone Gastrin, which
stimulates the gastric acid secretion.
 It affects the gallbladder, pancreas, and
small intestine secretory activities
 The mucosa of the duodenum makes the
hormone secretin, which stimulates
pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal
secretion
 Pancreozymin-cholecystokinin
is also
secreted by Duodenum. It stimulates the
pancreas
 Enterogastrone, which regulates gastric
secretions, is also secreted by the Duodenal
Muscosa
 Thymus
is located in the mediastinal cavity
in front of and above the heart.
 Secretes the hormones Thymosin and
Thymopoietin
 Thymosin promotes the T lymphocytes and
Thymopoietin produces lymphocytes
precursors and aids in the process of
becoming T lymphocytes
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 The
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Endocrine has many diseases. Some of
them are:
Addison’s Disease
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
 Addison's
disease - It is caused due to
hyposecretion of hormones by the adrenals.
 It is a rare, chronic endocrine disorder in
which the adrenal glands do not produce
sufficient steroid hormones
 Diabetes
Mellitus is the most common
Endocrine Gland disease in childern
 It occurs the most in 5-7 year olds and 1115 year olds
 Polyuria, Polydipsia, and Polyphagia are
symptoms of this disease
 Hypothyroidism
is a condition in which the
thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid
hormone.
 Hyperthyroidism
is an excessive secretion of
thyroid hormone. It is a conditon that can
affect many body systems

Abdominal pain and cramping, changes in
bowel movements, and other symptoms
A
peptic ulcer is a defect in the lining of the
stomach or the first part of the small intestine, an
area called the duodenum.
 Rice,
J. (2008). Medical terminology: A word
building approach. (6 ed.). Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Pearson Education
 Postlehwait, J. H., & Hopson, J. L. (2009`).
Modern biology. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston.
 Miller, K. R., & Levine, J. (2002). Prentice
hall biology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson
Education
 BrainPOP.
(n.d.). Endocrine system.
Retrieved from
http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysyste
ms/endocrinesystem
 Ashlesha, B. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/endocrinesystem-diseases-list.html
 Pictures from Google Images