Download The Earth`s Layers Foldable

The Earth's Layers Foldable
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CRUST
Composition
Chemical Layers
(Label on the left)
Thickness
Crust
State of Matter
Mantle
Core
MANTLE
Composition
Physical Layers
(Label on the right)
Thickness
Oceanic Crust
Continental Crust
State of Matter
Lithosphere
Upper Mantle
(Asthenospere)
OUTER CORE
Composition
INNER CORE
Composition
Outer Core
Thickness
Thickness
Inner Core
State of Matter
Lower Mantle
(Mesospere)
State of Matter
Make a Foldable of the Earth’s Interior
1. Color the 4 layers carefully using the guide below.
Ocean – blue Land - green
Oceanic Crust - dark brown Continental Crust - light brown
Lithosphere portion of mantle – yellow
Upper Mantle (Asthenosphere with convection currents) – orange
Lower Mantle (Mesophere) –dark orange
Outer Core – red-orange
Inner Core - red
2. Fill out the small squares with the information for each of the main layers of the Earth. Use your Reading
sheet and textbook.
3. Now you may cut out the layers! Also cut out the four squares and the 12 labels. Remember to cut out The
Earth's Layers title.
4. As you look at the paper, it should have the dotted lines to the left and the solid lines to the right. The paper
should be landscape.
5. Glue the box CRUST to the far left of the first box with dotted lines. On the right side, glue the layer of crust.
Repeat for each layer.
6. Glue the title of each layer on the pieces you have colored.
7. With a marker, add the part of the Lithospheric bracket that was cut off to show that it contains both crust
and uppermost mantle.
8. On the left side, you are to add additional information about each layer. You need to get the information
from your reading sheet or the textbook. Please write neatly.
9. Fold the paper on the solid line in the middle so now your foldable looks like a book. The Earth Layers title
should go on the top of the folded paper
10. Open the paper again and cut along the dotted lines carefully. Close the cover again.
11. Write the names of the layers on the appropriate box. CRUST, MANTLE, OUTER CORE, INNER CORE
12. Please make sure your name, date, class, and seat number are on the back. Once the foldable is graded, you
will glue it to a piece of notebook paper and put it in your science notebook.
If your need more facts, they are on the back.
The core is made of two layers – the inner and outer
layer is explored they usually do it from the sea bed where
core. When the Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, the
the layer is thinner than on land. The first time they
heavy substances sunk to the middle and these formed the
explored the mantle was in 1996, but they eventually gave
inner core. The lighter ones are like air and water stayed
up as they just couldn’t get it right. In 2007 scientists
on the top on the crust.
drilled to 23,000 feet (7,000 m) below the seabed from a
Japanese ship called Chikyu, in an area between Cape
The innermost part of the core is a bit like a solid lead ball,
Verde Islands and the Caribbean Sea. This drilling was
which is about 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) thick. That
three times deeper than any other previous drillings that
is thick! Under all that pressure, it actually can’t melt. Are
they had done.
you ready for this? It is between 9,000 and 13,000 degrees
Fahrenheit (4,982 and 7,204 degrees Celsius) in
The Crust
temperature. That is seriously hot and unbelievably it’s as
The crust is an outer solid layer and is where life as we
hot as the sun’s surface. When you think that a kettle
know it exists with mountains, sea and soil. It is about 3-5
reaches 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees Celsius) at
miles (5 – 8 kilometers) thick in the ocean bed. It is mostly
boiling point, then you can imagine just how hot the inside
made from basalt rock and is around 25 miles (40
of the Earth is.
kilometers) thick on land which is mostly made from
granite rock. This is the only layer of earth that can be
The inner core is said to spin at a different speed to the rest
investigated by drilling into it. So we know way more
of the planet causing the Earth’s magnetic field. The
about his layer than any of the others!
second layer of the core is made of liquid iron and nickel
and is about 1,400 miles (2,300 kilometers) thick. Some
people have said that it is actually 3,200 miles
(5,150km) thick and 7,200 to 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit
(3,982 to 4,982 degrees Celsius) in temperature. It is
because of the flow of metals in this inner core that the
Earth is magnetic. The influence of this magnetic field
extends beyond the Earth far into space and forms a barrier
that helps protect the Earth from the Sun’s destructive
solar winds. Wow that’s interesting.
The Mantle
The mantle is about 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) thick
and makes up about 85% of the Earth’s weight. It is made
of molten (melted) iron, minerals and other semi-solid
rocks that can flow under pressure. It is thought that when
the rocks rise due to the very intense heat and then cool,
this means that they sink back to the core and this
movement causes the crust to break into sections, or plates.
When these move and crash into each other it causes
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. It is because of this
movement that mountains and new sea floors are formed.
Sea floors are made of a thick rock called basalt which
press into the mantle and can then fill with water. The
various continents are made from lighter blocks that float
on the mantle like massive icebergs. When the mantle