Download Unit V: America and World War II

Unit V: America and
World War II
Causes of World War II
Germany during the Great Depression: selling welfare
stamps on the street
(Verkauf von Wohlfahrtsmarken, 1931)
USS Arizona burning at Pearl Harbor
(USS Arizona, 1941)
Mussolini and Hitler in Munich
(Jugoslavije, 1937)
Right: British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlain in Munich Sept. 29,
1938
(Münchener Abkommen, Chamberlain, 1938)
Sadai Japanese Fighter Pilot
(SadaiJapaneseFighterPilot, 1942)
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
1. Placed total blame for WWI on Germany
2. Put enormous burden of reparations on
Germany
3. Stripped Germany of her
colonies and her industrial
resources
“President Wilson bores me
with his 14 Points; God
Almighty only had 10!” -Georges Clemenceau
(as cited in Roark, 2013, p. 608)
PM David Lloyd George, Premier Vittorio Orlando, French Premier
Georges Clemenceau, President Woodrow Wilson, May 27, 1919
(Jackson, 1919)
Destruction of the German
currency and economy
TREATY
OF
VERSAILLES
Destruction of Germany’s
political stability
(allowed major riots and
street battles between
Communists, Nazis, and
others, leading to the
successful grab for power by
Adolf Hitler)
Characteristics of Fascism
• personal
dictatorship
• intense nationalism
• Large-scale
propaganda
• imperialism
• para-military
support (secret
police)
• racial intolerance
Hitler salutes marching Nazis in Weimar, Oct. 1930
(Pahl, 1930)
Personal Dictatorship
“Keep ‘em Frying”; Tojo, Hitler, and Mussolini
(Hix, ca. 1941-1945)
With Benito Mussolini, April 12, 1943
(Baatz, 1943)
Large Scale
Propaganda
Work and Fight Italy: WWII propaganda poster
(Coscia, ca. 1940-1944)
Nazi propaganda poster used in Ukraine, text reads
“Hitler The Liberator”, 1942
(Gitler-vizvolitel , 1942)
Japanese propaganda WWII
(Japanese propaganda, 1945)
IMPERIALISM
German/Austria Map
(GermanAustriamap, 2014)
HITLER’S “GRAB” FOR TERRITORY IN EUROPE
JAPAN
INVADES
MANCHURIA
Japanese Flag
(Garcia, 2013)
Japanese bayonet into map of Manchuria
(US Army Pictorial Services, 1944)
People deserting their homes in Manchuria during
Japanese invasion
(Tarter, ca. 1940)
HITLER AND STALIN
SIGN A
NON-AGRESSION
PACT
They decide to “divide”
Poland
“Wonder How Long the Honeymoon Will Last?”
(StalinHitler, n.d.)
Heinrich Himmler & Gestapo
(KZ Mauthausen, n.d.)
Para-Military or Secret Police
the GESTAPO
RACIAL
INTOLERANCE
Kristallnacht: Night of the Broken Glass
(Magdeburg, 1938)
Left: A Jewish shop in Berlin
during the boycot of 4/1/1933
“Defend yourselfs! Don’t buy
from Jews”
(Boycott Jews, 1933)
Star of David “Judenstern” Jews made to wear during WWII
(Ullrich, 2005)
Capt. Alfred de Grazia, in front of bodies at Dachau camp after liberation by
American army
(Grazia, 1945)
“FINAL
SOLUTION”
Starved bodies of prisoners who were transported to Dachau from another
concentration camp, lie grotesquely as they died enroute.
(Starved Bodies, n.d.)
FAILURE OF THE LEAGUE OF
NATIONS
How did it fail?
No movement to sanction Japan’s invasion
of Manchuria
Policy of appeasement became SOP with
dictators, particularly Hitler
Chamberlain (left) and Hitler (light jacket) in Munich, Sept. 23, 1938
(Godesberg, Vorbereitung , 1938)
Prime Minister Chamberlain appeases Hitler with
the Sudentenland bringing “peace in our time.”
WHY did the League of Nations fail?
American isolationism
Series of Neutrality Acts
U.S. did not join the League (why was
this ironic?)
Soviet Union wasn’t invited to join
WORLDWIDE ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES
• Great Depression was not confined to the
United States
• Heavy burden of reparations
• High tariff walls
• Heavy tax burdens to build up arms and
militaries
JAPANESE
IMPERIALISM
•
TOJO
•
EMPIRE OF THE RISING SUN
•
INVASION OF MANCHURIA 1931
•
SCRAP IRON AND OIL
•
AMERICAN SANCTIONS
Map of Japanese Empire, 1942
(Japanese empire2, 2007)
World War II Alliances
ALLIES
AXIS
Great Britain
Germany
France
Italy
Soviet Union
Japan
United States
Something interesting to
consider…
• ITALY switches sides AGAIN
• The Soviet Union is the U.S.’s ALLY in World War II
and their number one ENEMY in the Cold War
• Japan is the U.S.’s enemy this time around after
being their ally in WWI
Nationalism
Germany
• Excessive or fanatical
devotion to a nation,
often associated with a
belief that one country is
superior to all others
Hitler speaks, 2/1/1933
(Hoffman, 1933)
During the Nuremberg Convention of the
NSDAP, Sept. 1934
(Reichsparteitag, Rede, 1934)
Parade of SA troops marches past Hitler in Nuremberg- Nov. 1935
(Reichsparteitagnov1935, 1935)
New Roman Empire: Italy
Rising Sun: Japan
Left: Mussolini bei einer
Ansprache 1929
(Benito Mussolini, 1929)
Right: Japanese soldier
of the Imperial
Japanese Army
(Japanese soldier, n.d.)
Japanese Soldier Burma Campaign
Right: His Excellency Benito
Mussolini, Head of
Government, Leader of
Fascism, and Founder of the
Empire
(Mussoliniposter, n.d.)
(Tsushinsha, 1944)
Below: Japanese humorous postcard depicting the
entrance of the Japanese Army in a Chinese town
(Earhart, 1938)
• Political and/or
economic system in
which all property is
owned by the members
of a classless society
• A centralized
government system
in which a single
party without
opposition rules over
political, economic,
social, and cultural
life
Soviet Union
Red Army soldiers in the USSR
(Soldaten rote armee, 1941)
Portrait of Joseph Stalin, 1936
(Filonov, 1936)
Italy & Germany
SS propaganda: poster with Ordnungspolizei and
Sicherheitspolizei for the Day of the German police 1941
(Berlin.Gestapo, 1941)
• System of government
characterized by dictatorship,
centralized control of private
enterprise, repression of all
opposition, and extreme
nationalism
Hitler and Mussolini, 1934 in Venice
(Istituto Nazionale Luce, 1934)
Anti-Semitism
Policies, views, or
actions that harm or
discriminate against
Jewish people
Map of the Holocaust in Europe during WWII, 1939-1945
(WW2 Holocaust, 2009)
Victims of Nazi Terror in the Darnitsa concentration camp, Kiev,
Ukraine
(Victims of Nazi terror, 1943)
References
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