Download Aim 7a-d Organic Chemistry Notes

Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
Aim#7: Organic Chemistry
10/18/16
HW:
http://www.manhassetschools.org/Page/6059
Unit 2B- Organic Chemistry
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What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?
What are living things made out of?
What functions do organic compounds perform?
How do enzymes function?
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
Aim #7a: What is the difference between organic and inorganic
molecules?
CHNOPS
BONDS
Energy can be stored when bonds are built
(dehydration synthesis)
Energy is released when bonds are broken (hydrolysisdigestion)
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
atoms symbols, amounts of each atom
Chemical formula - atoms/amounts (CO2)
Structural formula - (types of bonds (1, 2, 3),
configuration, etc.)
1
2
0;2
6) Chemical Reactions & Equations:
Dehydration Synthesis (make bonds) larger molecules
Hydrolysis (break bonds) smaller molecules
Products (what comes out)
Reactants (what goes in)
arrow- "yields"
Synthesis
Hydrolysis
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
7) Examples of a chemical reaction:
Energy
Respiration
Photosynthesis
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
macromolecule- large molecules
micromolecule- small molecules
Do not contain C-H bonds
Contains C-H Bonds
(can have C OR H)
ex.
Carbohydrates
( simple sugar: Glucose: C6H12O6)
ex.
Lipids
H2 O
Proteins
CO2
Nucleic Acids
NaCl
*Living things need both organic and inorganic molecules
9) Living things can convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules
* What's missing
from the
animation? Where
is it?
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
Amoeba Sisters- Biomolecules
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM
P
L
C
Carbohydrates
P
Lipids
C
Nucleic Acids
L
Proteins
N
P
L
N
C
L
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
Building
Blocks
Pasta
Monosaccharides=
Bread
Simple sugars
Starch,
(glucose, fructose)
glycogen,
cellulose
C, H,O
Blubber
Butter
Oil
Steak
Amino
C,H,O,N
Beans
enzymes,
Acids
antibodies,
hormones
C,H,O,N,P
Nucleotides
Aim #7b: How are carbohydrates necessary for living things?
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
1) What inorganic compounds are important to living
things?
Water, Carbon Dioxide,
Oxygen, Minerals (ex. Ca,
Zn, Mg)
2) What organic compounds are important to living things?
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
3) Why is carbon the main ingredient of organic compounds?
Versatile bonding
- 4 open spaces to bond
(4 valence electrons)
- can bond with many different molecules, and form long
carbon chains
4) What is a carbohydrate?
-CHO
Function- fast source of energy
- often end -ose
-rings
a) Monomer­ "1 unit"
Monosaccharides
simple sugars (glucose, fructose)
b) Polymer­ "Many units"
Polysaccharidestarch, glycogen, cellulose
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
5) What is the chemical formula of a carbohydrate?
CH2O
C6H12O6
1:2:1
1
a) How many carbons? __________
2
b) How many hydrogens? ________
1
c) How may oxygens? _________
* Sort the words below into the following two categories:
*Polymer
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Protein
Oil
DNA
Polysaccharide
Complex carbohydrate
Cellulose
Starch
*Monomer
Nucleotide
Monosaccharide
Glucose
Amino Acid
Simple Sugar
Glycerol
Fatty Acid
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
6) What are monosaccharides?
Simple (1) sugar
1 ring
ex. glucose, fructose,
galactose
(Monomers- building blocks of carbohydrates
7) What are isomers?
same formula, different
Isomers have the same
molecular formula but
structures
different structural formulas
Chemical
C6H12O6
Formulas?_________
C6H12O6
_________
C6H12O6
_________
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
8) Why is glucose so important to living things?
Source of energy
used in cellular respiration
(all living things carry out respiration)
9) What does our body do with glucose when our cells don’t need it?
Store in Glycogen (polysaccharides)
10) How does our body do this?
Synthesis - Bond together
glucose molecules to make
glycogen
11) What is dehydration synthesis?
- Remove water
- Build bonds between molecules (build macromolecules)
- Monomers
Polymers (ex. Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides)
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
12) What is sucrose?
disaccharide - two sugars
ex. table sugar
Examples of disaccharides:
1) What are polysaccharides?
Many sugars
Large Macromolecules
2) What are some examples of polysaccharides?
a) Starch­
Bread, pasta, potatoes
Plants store glucose as
b)
starch
Glycogen­ Humans store
glucose as glycogen
c) Cellulose­ Plants/cell wall
* Humans can't digest
d) Chitin­ Shell components
(Ex. crustaceans)
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
15) How do we get energy from glycogen?
Hydrolysis (digestion)- break bonds of glycogen down into glucose
molecules
- Polymers (ex. polysaccharides)
Monomers (ex. monosaccharides)
- Add water
16) Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis:
Aim #7c: How are Lipids and Nucleic Acids necessary for living things?
1.) What is another name for lipids?
Fats!
2) What does the term hydrophobic mean?
"Water-fearing"
Molecules not
attracted to water
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
3) What are lipids used for in our bodies?
i. Examples of steroids in our bodies­
Testosterone, cortisone, etc.
4) What are lipids composed of?
Fatty acids and
Glycerol
5) What’s the difference between unsaturated fatty acids
and saturated fatty acids?
Unsaturated(l) at room temp.
contains double bonds
Saturated(s) at room temp
only single bonds
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
Nucleic Acids
1) Two kinds of nucleic acids:
2) What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides
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Aim 7a­d Organic Chemistry Notes
3)What is DNA responsible for?
DNA is the template ( the genetic code-information)
4)What is RNA involved in?
RNA is responsible for translating the code into
proteins
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