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Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes Aim#7: Organic Chemistry 10/18/16 HW: http://www.manhassetschools.org/Page/6059 Unit 2B- Organic Chemistry • • • • What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules? What are living things made out of? What functions do organic compounds perform? How do enzymes function? 1 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes Aim #7a: What is the difference between organic and inorganic molecules? CHNOPS BONDS Energy can be stored when bonds are built (dehydration synthesis) Energy is released when bonds are broken (hydrolysisdigestion) 2 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes atoms symbols, amounts of each atom Chemical formula - atoms/amounts (CO2) Structural formula - (types of bonds (1, 2, 3), configuration, etc.) 1 2 0;2 6) Chemical Reactions & Equations: Dehydration Synthesis (make bonds) larger molecules Hydrolysis (break bonds) smaller molecules Products (what comes out) Reactants (what goes in) arrow- "yields" Synthesis Hydrolysis 3 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 7) Examples of a chemical reaction: Energy Respiration Photosynthesis 4 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes macromolecule- large molecules micromolecule- small molecules Do not contain C-H bonds Contains C-H Bonds (can have C OR H) ex. Carbohydrates ( simple sugar: Glucose: C6H12O6) ex. Lipids H2 O Proteins CO2 Nucleic Acids NaCl *Living things need both organic and inorganic molecules 9) Living things can convert inorganic molecules into organic molecules * What's missing from the animation? Where is it? 5 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes Amoeba Sisters- Biomolecules https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM P L C Carbohydrates P Lipids C Nucleic Acids L Proteins N P L N C L 6 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes Building Blocks Pasta Monosaccharides= Bread Simple sugars Starch, (glucose, fructose) glycogen, cellulose C, H,O Blubber Butter Oil Steak Amino C,H,O,N Beans enzymes, Acids antibodies, hormones C,H,O,N,P Nucleotides Aim #7b: How are carbohydrates necessary for living things? 7 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 1) What inorganic compounds are important to living things? Water, Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen, Minerals (ex. Ca, Zn, Mg) 2) What organic compounds are important to living things? 8 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 3) Why is carbon the main ingredient of organic compounds? Versatile bonding - 4 open spaces to bond (4 valence electrons) - can bond with many different molecules, and form long carbon chains 4) What is a carbohydrate? -CHO Function- fast source of energy - often end -ose -rings a) Monomer "1 unit" Monosaccharides simple sugars (glucose, fructose) b) Polymer "Many units" Polysaccharidestarch, glycogen, cellulose 9 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 5) What is the chemical formula of a carbohydrate? CH2O C6H12O6 1:2:1 1 a) How many carbons? __________ 2 b) How many hydrogens? ________ 1 c) How may oxygens? _________ * Sort the words below into the following two categories: *Polymer Lipid Nucleic Acid Protein Oil DNA Polysaccharide Complex carbohydrate Cellulose Starch *Monomer Nucleotide Monosaccharide Glucose Amino Acid Simple Sugar Glycerol Fatty Acid 10 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 6) What are monosaccharides? Simple (1) sugar 1 ring ex. glucose, fructose, galactose (Monomers- building blocks of carbohydrates 7) What are isomers? same formula, different Isomers have the same molecular formula but structures different structural formulas Chemical C6H12O6 Formulas?_________ C6H12O6 _________ C6H12O6 _________ 11 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 8) Why is glucose so important to living things? Source of energy used in cellular respiration (all living things carry out respiration) 9) What does our body do with glucose when our cells don’t need it? Store in Glycogen (polysaccharides) 10) How does our body do this? Synthesis - Bond together glucose molecules to make glycogen 11) What is dehydration synthesis? - Remove water - Build bonds between molecules (build macromolecules) - Monomers Polymers (ex. Monosaccharides Polysaccharides) 12 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 12) What is sucrose? disaccharide - two sugars ex. table sugar Examples of disaccharides: 1) What are polysaccharides? Many sugars Large Macromolecules 2) What are some examples of polysaccharides? a) Starch Bread, pasta, potatoes Plants store glucose as b) starch Glycogen Humans store glucose as glycogen c) Cellulose Plants/cell wall * Humans can't digest d) Chitin Shell components (Ex. crustaceans) 13 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 15) How do we get energy from glycogen? Hydrolysis (digestion)- break bonds of glycogen down into glucose molecules - Polymers (ex. polysaccharides) Monomers (ex. monosaccharides) - Add water 16) Dehydration Synthesis vs. Hydrolysis: Aim #7c: How are Lipids and Nucleic Acids necessary for living things? 1.) What is another name for lipids? Fats! 2) What does the term hydrophobic mean? "Water-fearing" Molecules not attracted to water 14 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 3) What are lipids used for in our bodies? i. Examples of steroids in our bodies Testosterone, cortisone, etc. 4) What are lipids composed of? Fatty acids and Glycerol 5) What’s the difference between unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids? Unsaturated(l) at room temp. contains double bonds Saturated(s) at room temp only single bonds 15 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes Nucleic Acids 1) Two kinds of nucleic acids: 2) What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? Nucleotides 16 Aim 7ad Organic Chemistry Notes 3)What is DNA responsible for? DNA is the template ( the genetic code-information) 4)What is RNA involved in? RNA is responsible for translating the code into proteins 17 Attachments Fluidmem.gif