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www.reinhausen.com Voltage Regulator TAPCON® 250 Operating Instructions 297/06 © 2014 All rights reserved, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Unauthorised copying and distribution of this document and the utilisation and communication of its contents are strictly prohibited unless expressly authorised. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or ornamental design registration. The product may have been modified after this document went to press. We expressly reserve the right to make changes to the technical data, the design or the scope of delivery. In general, the information provided and the arrangements agreed during processing of the relevant offers and orders are binding. Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................... 9 1.1 Manufacturer .............................................................................................9 1.2 Warranty and Liability................................................................................9 1.3 Subject to change without notice ............................................................10 1.4 Completeness .........................................................................................10 1.5 Safekeeping ............................................................................................10 1.6 Supporting documents ............................................................................10 1.7 Notation conventions...............................................................................10 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.7.3 1.7.4 1.7.5 Abbreviations used ............................................................................................. 11 Hazard communication system .......................................................................... 12 Information system ............................................................................................. 13 Instruction system .............................................................................................. 13 Typographic conventions.................................................................................... 14 2 Safety ........................................................................................... 15 2.1 General safety information ......................................................................15 2.2 Appropriate use.......................................................................................15 2.3 Inappropriate use ....................................................................................16 2.4 Personnel qualification ............................................................................16 2.5 Operator duty of care ..............................................................................16 3 Product Description.................................................................... 19 3.1 Description of functions...........................................................................19 © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 1 Table of Contents 3.2 TAPCON®-trol System Communication Software .................................. 19 3.3 Specified Application............................................................................... 20 3.4 Accessories ............................................................................................ 20 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 Adapter Panel and Surface Mounting Kit ........................................................... 20 Optional Communication Ports (CI-module)...................................................... 21 Optional Analog Input/Output module (AI-module) ............................................ 22 3.5 Hardware description.............................................................................. 23 3.6 Technical Data ........................................................................................ 24 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5 3.6.6 Setting Ranges................................................................................................... 24 Operation Elements, Display.............................................................................. 25 Electromagnetic Compatibility ............................................................................ 26 Temperature and Climate Resistance ................................................................ 26 Vibration, Shock and Seismic Resistance .......................................................... 26 Mold Resistance................................................................................................. 27 3.7 Description of the front panel.................................................................. 27 3.8 Main display screen ................................................................................ 29 3.9 Special operating reliability for TAPCON® 250 ....................................... 30 3.10 Controller Part Number Description........................................................ 31 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250...........33 4.1 Parallel operation of tapped transformers............................................... 34 4.1.1 Formation of circulating currents ........................................................................ 35 4.1.2 Parallel operation with TAPCON® 250 ............................................................... 36 4.2 Description of the main variables and functions for voltage regulation... 39 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 Reference voltage level Uref .............................................................................. 39 Bandwidth "+/- B %" ........................................................................................... 40 Control delay: T1 and T2.................................................................................... 43 2 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 Table of Contents 4.2.4 Line compensation: LDC and Z compensation .................................................. 45 5 Additional performance characteristics of TAPCON® 250 ...... 47 5.1 NORMset ................................................................................................47 5.2 Protection functions.................................................................................47 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 Undervoltage blocking ........................................................................................ 48 Overcurrent blocking .......................................................................................... 48 Overvoltage detection......................................................................................... 48 Detection of the off-status of the transformer ..................................................... 48 6 Commissioning ........................................................................... 49 6.1 Installation ...............................................................................................49 6.2 Connection ..............................................................................................49 6.3 External connections...............................................................................51 6.3.1 6.3.2 Terminal P3 External DC power supply input: .................................................... 57 Terminal P1 CAN bus ......................................................................................... 57 6.4 Easy setting of operating modes with NORMset.....................................57 6.5 Function checks, operational settings for independent operation .................................................................................................58 6.6 Function checks, operational settings during parallel operation .................................................................................................61 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 6.6.4 Parallel operation according to the principle of "circulating reactive current" ..... 61 Parallel operation in accordance with the principle of "Master/ Follower tap synchronization or Autosynchronism" ................................................................ 64 Setting the time delay for the message "Parallel operation failure".................... 65 "Tap direction turned" setting.............................................................................. 65 7 Parameterization ......................................................................... 67 7.1 NORMset ................................................................................................67 © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 3 Table of Contents 7.2 Setting the parameters ........................................................................... 68 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 Regulation parameters ....................................................................................... 69 Limit values ........................................................................................................ 73 Line compensation ............................................................................................. 77 7.3 Setting of configuration ........................................................................... 80 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 Data of Measuring Transformer (CT/VT data).................................................... 80 General............................................................................................................... 84 User I/Os – General Purpose User Programmable Inputs/Outputs ................... 89 Parallel operation settings (option)..................................................................... 92 LED selection ..................................................................................................... 98 7.4 Memory (Configuration of measured value storage function)................. 99 7.5 Communication Interface (Optional Supervisory Control Card)............ 103 7.6 Analog Input (for Tap position and Remote Voltage Level) options (optional feature) ................................................................................................. 107 7.6.1 7.6.2 Remote Voltage Level Options......................................................................... 107 Tap Position Options ........................................................................................ 109 7.7 Information............................................................................................ 113 8 Appendix ....................................................................................123 8.1 Menu Screenshot Overview.................................................................. 123 8.2 Connection Diagram ............................................................................. 131 8.3 Drawings............................................................................................... 132 4 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1 Communication Interface ports ................................................. 21 Figure 2 Front panel................................................................................ 27 Figure 3 LCD graphic display.................................................................. 29 Figure 4 System management level (left) and parameterization and configuration section (right)........................................................... 30 Figure 5 Parallel operation of transformers equivalent circuit diagram ... 36 Figure 6 Measured voltage and bandwidth over time ............................. 41 Figure 7 DU/E-voltage change DU in % of the desired value in relation to the set bandwith in % to the reference voltage level..................... 44 Figure 8 TAPCON® 250 interfaces (bottom view)................................... 50 Figure 9 Generic wiring scheme for definition of external connections... 51 Figure 11 Measurement circuits................................................................ 83 Figure 12 Example 1: The duration of an event is shorter than 5 minutes.... 101 Figure 13 Example 2: The duration of an event is longer than 5 minutes..... 101 Figure 14 Function description of the buttons ......................................... 123 Figure 15 Connection diagram for direct TAPCON® 250 parallel operation via CAN bus ................................................................................ 131 Figure 16 TAPCON® 250 with CI-module - Top view ............................. 132 Figure 17 TAPCON® 250 - Bottom view without and with equivalent plug ... 133 © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 5 Figure 18 TAPCON® 250 - Front view ....................................................134 List of Tables List of Tables Table 1 Abbreviations used ..................................................................... 11 Table 2 Signal words in safety instructions ............................................. 12 Table 3 Typographic conventions............................................................ 14 Table 4 Setting ranges ............................................................................ 24 Table 5 Operation elements, display ....................................................... 25 Table 6 Electromagnetic compatibility ..................................................... 26 Table 7 Temperature and climate resistance .......................................... 26 Table 8 Vibration, shock and seismic resistance..................................... 26 Table 9 Text legend................................................................................. 27 Table 10 AVL function table ...................................................................... 39 Table 11 Setting options for the programmable alarm .............................. 92 Table 12 Event memory capacity related to max. number of events....... 101 Table 13 Storage times in days according to event memory capacity and mean value interval(s)................................................................. 102 Table 14 Time steps and ensuing duration of the range displayed ......... 120 © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 7 1 Introduction 1 Introduction These Operating Instructions contain detailed information for the safe mounting, transport, commissioning, maintenance, disassembly and simple fault elimination for the TAPCON® 250 voltage controller. They also include safety instructions and general information about the device. This documentation is intended solely for specially trained and authorized personnel. 1.1 Manufacturer The voltage controller TAPCON® 250 is manufactured by: Reinhausen Manufacturing Inc. 2549 North 9th Avenue Humboldt, Tennessee 38343, USA Phone: (+1)731/784-7681 Fax: (+1)731/784-7682 Email: [email protected] Further copies of these operating instructions are available from the above address or at www.tapcon250.com, if required. 1.2 Warranty and Liability Warranty and liability claims for personal injury or damage to property are excluded, if they were caused by one or more of the following: • Inappropriate use of the TAPCON® 250. • Improper commissioning and operation of the TAPCON® 250. • Operation of the TAPCON® 250 with safety equipment that is faulty, or with safety or protection equipment that is installed incorrectly or non-functioning. • Non-adherence to the notes in the operating instructions with regard to installation, commissioning and operation of the TAPCON® 250. • Unauthorized modification of theTAPCON® 250. The TAPCON® 250 is offered with a standard five-year warranty. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 9 1 Introduction An extended warranty is also available. Contact Reinhausen Manufacturing for more details. 1.3 Subject to change without notice The information contained in these Operating Instructions comprise the technical specifications released at the time of printing. Significant modifications will be included in a new edition of the user manual. The document and version numbers for these instructions are shown in the footer. 1.4 Completeness These Operating Instructions are incomplete without the supporting documentation. 1.5 Safekeeping These Operating Instructions and all supporting documents should be kept readily available at all times for future use. 1.6 Supporting documents The installation and commissioning instructions along with the accompanying connection diagrams also apply in addition to this Operating Instructions. All documents are part of the scope of delivery. In addition, generally applicable statutory and other binding regulations in European and national legislation and the regulations for accident prevention and environmental protection in force in the country of use must be complied with. 1.7 Notation conventions This section contains an overview of the abbreviations, symbols and textual emphasis used. 10 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 1 Introduction 1.7.1 Abbreviations used Abbreviation A AC B C CAN CE COM CPU DC DIN e.g. EMC ESC GPI GPO Hz I i.e. IEC kg kV LDC LED MB MHz MIO mm ms resp. s V Table 1 Meaning Ampere Alternating Current Bandwidth Celsius Controller-Area-Network Conformité Européenne Computer Object Model Central Processing Unit Direct Current German Institute for Standardization Exempli gratia Electromagnetic compatibility Escape General Purpose Input General Purpose Output Hertz Current id est International Electrotechnical Commission Kilogram Kilovolt Line-Drop Compensation Light Emitting Diode Megabyte Megahertz Measurement Input/Output Millimeter Millisecond respectively Second Voltage Abbreviations used © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 11 1 Introduction 1.7.2 Hazard communication system Safety instructions are structured as follows: SIGNAL WORD Danger Consequences Action Action The following signal words are used: Signal word Hazard level Consequence of failure to comply Danger immediate threat of danger Death or serious injury will occur Warning possible threat of danger Death or serious injury could occur Caution possible dangerous situation minor or moderate injury may occur Note possible dangerous situation material damage Table 2 Signal words in safety instructions Safety symbols may be used with safety messages: Symbol Meaning Danger Risk of electric shock 12 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 1 Introduction Symbol Meaning Fire hazard Danger of tipping 1.7.3 Information system Information is designed to simplify and improve understanding of particular operational procedures. In this document they are laid out as follows: Important information. 1.7.4 Instruction system The instructions in this document are structured as follows: Aim of action Requirement (optional) 1. Step 1 Result of step (optional) Step 2 ... Result of action (optional) © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 13 1 Introduction 1.7.5 Typographic conventions The typographic conventions in this document are structured as follows: Typographic conventions Meaning Italics Emphasis for units; e.g. "B" (= bandwidth) ...>...>... Select subsequent software menu UPPERCASE Key labels e.g. "MENU key" Table 3 14 TAPCON® 250 Typographic conventions 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 2 Safety 2 Safety 2.1 General safety information These Operating Instructions contain important information for the safe and correct installation, operation, transport, storage and maintenance of the TAPCON® 250 voltage controller. 2.2 • Read these Operating Instructions through carefully to familiarize yourself with the device. • Particular attention should be paid to the information given in this chapter. Appropriate use The product and associated equipment and special tools supplied with it comply with the relevant legislation, regulations and standards, particularly health and safety requirements, applicable at the time of delivery. If used as intended in compliance with the specified requirements and conditions in this document as well as the warning notices in this document and attached to the product, then the product does not present any hazards for persons, property or the environment. This applies during the entire lifespan, from delivery through installation and operation to disassembly and disposal. The operational quality assurance system ensures a consistently high quality standard, particularly when it comes to observance of the health and safety requirements. Use is considered to be appropriate if • the product is operated according to the agreed delivery conditions and technical data, and • associated equipment and special tools supplied with it are used solely for the intended purpose and in accordance with the specifications of these Operating Instructions. • the product is used only for the application specified in the order. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 15 2 Safety 2.3 Inappropriate use Use is considered to be inappropriate if the voltage transformer is used other than described in section 2.2. Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen does not accept liability for damage from unauthorized or inappropriate changes to the device. Unauthorized changes to the device without consultation with Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen can lead to personal injury, material damage and operational faults. 2.4 Personnel qualification The TAPCON® 250 is designed solely for application in electrical or energy systems and facilities operated by appropriately trained staff, i.e. staff who are familiar with the installation, assembly, commissioning and operation of such products. 2.5 Operator duty of care To prevent accidents, faults and damage as well as unacceptable adverse effects on the environment, those responsible for transport, installation, operation, maintenance and disposal of the product or parts of the product must ensure that: 16 • All warning and hazard notices are complied with. • Personnel are instructed regularly in all relevant aspects of operational safety, the Operating Instructions and particularly the safety instructions contained therein. • Regulations and operating instructions for safe working as well as the relevant instructions for staff procedures in the case of accidents and fires are kept to hand at all times and displayed in the workplace where applicable. • The device is only used in a sound operational condition and safety equipment in particular is checked regularly for operational reliability. • Only replacement parts approved by the manufacturer are used. • The specified operating conditions and requirements of the installation location are complied with. • All necessary equipment and personal protective equipment for each activity is available. TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 2 Safety • The prescribed maintenance intervals and the relevant regulations are complied with. • Fitting, electrical connection and commissioning of the product is only carried out by qualified and trained personnel in accordance with these Operating Instructions. • The operator must ensure appropriate use of the product. • Always connect the TAPCON® 250 to an electrical ground! To avoid shock hazard, the chassis must be connected to an electrical ground. When servicing the TAPCON® 250 in a test area, the protective earth terminal must be attached to a seperate ground securely by use of a tool since it is not grounded by external connectors. • Do not operate the TAPCON® 250 in an explosive environment! Do not operate this equipment in the presence of flammable or explosive gases or fumes. To do so would risk a possible fire or explosion. • Keep away from live circuits! Operating personnel must not remove the cover or expose the printed circuit board while power is applied. Dangerous voltages may exist even when power is disconnected. To avoid electrical shock, always disconnect power and discharge circuits before working on the unit. • Do not modify the TAPCON® 250! Do not perform any unauthorized changes on the TAPCON® 250. Contact Reinhausen Manufacturing regarding any modification. If authorized modifications are to be attempted, be sure to follow replacement procedures carefully to assure that safety features are maintained. • Avoid static charge! The TAPCON® 250 contains MOS circuitry which can be damaged by improper test or rework procedures. Avoid static charge on work surfaces and service personnel. • Use extreme caution during any diagnostic work! Any attempt to perform any diagnostic work or connection between points on the printed circuit board, unless services noted in the Operating Instructions is likely to cause damage or permanent failure to the TAPCON® 250. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 17 3 Product Description 3 Product Description 3.1 Description of functions The TAPCON® 250 voltage controller deals with a variety of control functions, ranging from simple to complex control tasks. It’s compact and robust design allows it to be implemented in virtually any new or old tap-changer control installation, while eliminating unneeded components and wiring. Its innovative design offers improved paralleling of transformers previously thought to be incapable of paralleling. It has the ability, through its NORMset feature, to learn and refine its optimal bandwidth settings. It can both input and output tap position knowledge via means of SCADA or analog signal. In addition, parameterization can be done manually or via a Windows-based PC interface. A PC can be connected to the serial COM2 (RS232) interface or through the COM1 or RJ45 ports if applied. In the event of misentries during parameterization via PC, the parameter set specified at the factory can be reinstated with the Reset function. Combining almost forty-years of LTC controls experience, the TAPCON® 250 voltage controller is part of a new device generation from MR Reinhausen. The simple user interface enables the user to quickly master the individual functions. Please read these instructions before commissioning the TAPCON® 250. The instructions were written for the release of firmware version date 05.05.2011 and is applicable to any later version. Please see the proper instruction manual for previous versions or visit the website to access the archives. Firmware version can be confirmed by pressing the “Menu” key, followed by the “F5” key to access the “Info” screen. Updated firmware can be obtained from Reinhausen Manufacturing if desired. The operator is responsible for ensuring that users of the device have fully understood the relevant operating and safety instructions. 3.2 TAPCON®-trol System Communication Software The TAPCON® 250 is delivered with the Windows®-based communication software TAPCON®-trol system and available for remote control, parameterization and metering of the TAPCON® 250. For further information see Operating Instructions BA 229 of TAPCON®-trol System. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 19 3 Product Description 3.3 Specified Application The TAPCON® 250 voltage controller is used for automatic control of transformers with motor-driven tap-changers. The motor-drive mechanism receives the corresponding control signals from the voltage controller. With these signals, the tap-changer moves to the next position and the transformer’s voltage value is adapted to the preset reference voltage level. To allow individual adaptation of the control system to the various field service conditions encountered, influencing variables such as • Time delay • Bandwidth • line or load-dependent parameters for compensating voltage drops • voltage or current-dependent limits can be programmed. As a special feature, the voltage controller is also capable of controlling parallel transformer operation. The TAPCON® 250 accepts nominal 120 VAC (45 ... 65 Hz) to operate the control´s power supply and voltage sensing input. TAPCON® 250 has an included feature of accepting an auxiliary external 12 VDC power supply for continuous operation during an AC power outage. Substantial cost savings are available with the TAPCON® 250 regarding components, integration, assembly and field applications. 3.4 Accessories 3.4.1 Adapter Panel and Surface Mounting Kit An adapter panel or a surface mounting kit is often used with the TAPCON® 250, but is not required since all controller connections can be placed directly at the controller. Each panel adapts the TAPCON® 250 as a transformer control replacement and provides the external connections necessary for operation via terminal blocks on the rear of the adapter panel. The TC250-67 or TC250-RM panels are the most common panels offered for new installations and many others are available for new as well as retrofitting purposes. 20 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 3 Product Description Contact Reinhausen Manufacturing or www.tapcon250.com for a list of adapter panels that are currently available. Refer to the application guides of the specific adapter panel for the mounting details. 3.4.2 Optional Communication Ports (CI-module) The optional Communication Interface of the TAPCON® 250 offers four additional communication ports: 1. RS-232 2. RS-485 3. Ethernet/ Modem 4. Optical fiber Communication protocols to all renowned manufacturers of operation control systems can be supported. In case of a communications upgrade for an existing TAPCON® 250, the communications interface can be easily installed in the field. 1 Figure 1 2 3 4 Communication Interface ports © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 21 3 Product Description CI-module port description 3.4.3 1 RS-232 (TX, RX, GND) 9 pin female sub-d connector Pin 2: TxD Pin 3: RxD Pin 5: GND Pin 7: CTS (not necessary) Pin 8: RTS (not necessary) 2 RS-485 (A, B, GND) Pin 1: A (non-inverting) Pin 2: B (inverting) Pin 3: GND 3 RJ45 (optional Ethernet or Modem interface) Pin 1: Tx + Pin 2: Tx Pin 3: Rx + Pin 6: Rx – 4 Optical Fiber (850 nm FH-ST connector) Optional Analog Input/Output module (AI-module) The AI (analog interface) is an internal interface that can be added to the controller to indicate and output positive tap position knowledge.TAPCON® 250 AImodule will accept positive tap-changer position input via either a potentiometer, 0...1 mA, 0...20 mA or 4...20 mA input. No current loop interface is required to receive milliampere positive tap position knowledge and digital calibration is available for fine tuning. Furthermore, it provides a selectable 0...1 mA or 4...20 mA output for the customer’s use. To reduce costs and complexity with respect to the features of the communication interface and the analog interface, these extensions are integrated in the main housing of the TAPCON® 250. For further information on • Analog Input/Output Module • Communication interface card • Adapter Panels please contact Reinhausen Manufacturing or www.tapcon250.com 22 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 3 Product Description 3.5 Hardware description The individual components are mounted in an optimized, EMC-safe steel plate housing. The front panel of TAPCON® 250 contains an LCD graphic display, several LEDs and several function keys and menu keys. The device is powered by a microcontroller (see section 8.2, block/connection diagram). Besides a voltage transformer and a current transformer it contains opto-coupler inputs with potential separation as well as potential-free output relay contacts. The parameters of the TAPCON® 250 can be set via the front panel keys, via a PC over the integrated serial interface (COM 2) on the front panel or over the supervisory (communications) card if ordered; the associated PC-software is included in the scope of supply. The functions of the TAPCON® 250 voltage controller are largely compatible with those of the earlier voltage controller generations. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 23 3 Product Description 3.6 Technical Data 3.6.1 Setting Ranges Range 100…135 V ±0.5…±9 % 1…600 s 1…60 s 0...10 s (default 1.5 s) Ur = 0…±25 V Ur = 0…±25 V Voltage rise 0…15 % of desired voltage level Z compensation selection Limitation 0…15 % of desired voltage level 95...135 V Undervoltage blocking 100...140 V Overvoltage detection with high speed return control (interruptible) Pulse signal 1.5 / 1.5 s 50…210 % Overcurrent blocking 85...140 VAC (45...65 Hz) R.M.S value; Voltage transformer Intrinsic Consumption <1VA 0.2 A (45…65Hz) R.M.S. value; Current transformer Intrinsic Consumption <1VA Voltage: < ± 0.5 % Measurement Accuracy Current: < 0.5 % at 1 to 200 % of nominal range Reference voltage level Bandwidth Delay time T1 Delay time T2 Switching pulse duration LDC Table 4 24 Setting ranges TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 3 Product Description 3.6.2 Operation Elements, Display Function ke ys Displa y P ow e r supply P ow e r consum ption P rote ctive housing W e ight Ope ra ting te m pe ra ture Rais e / Lower Rem ote/Loc al M anual/A uto M enu k ey s M onoc hrom atic dis play with graphic s c apabilities , 128 x 128 dot 1 LE D lam p (green) for operating s tatus 1 LE D lam p (y ellow) for s ignalling, ”parallel operation ac tive“ s tatus 1 LE D lam p (red) eac h for s ignalling U< , U> , I> 1 LE D lam p (green) for s ignalling ”NORM s et ac tive“ s tatus 3 LE D lam ps (y ellow) for random as s ignm ent 1 LE D lam p (y ellow / green / red) for random as s ignm ent RA IS E c om m and with green LE D indic ation LOW E R c om m and with green LE D indic ation RE M OTE m ode with green LE D indic ation M A NUA L m ode with green LE D indic ation A UTO m ode with green LE D indic ation 85...140 V A C (45...65 Hz ); 12 V DC 6 V A ... 12 V A (depending on am ount of ex tens ions ) 5.81 x 8.5 x 3.08 ‘’ (W x H x D) (147.6 x 216 x 78.2 mm) approx . 6.2 lbs (2.8 k gs ) - 13° F… 158° F (- 25° C… + 70° C)* *extended temperature range on demand Table 5 Operation elements, display © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 25 3 Product Description 3.6.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility 1,500 VAC rms to ground for one minute with a leakage current not to exceed 15 mA (except communication ports, CAN bus terminals P1 and terminals P2.33...P2.37) High voltage IEEE C37.90.1-2002 4,000 Vpk Contact Discharge +/-8kV IEC 61000-4-2 Air Discharge +/-15 kV 10 V/m, 80...4,000 MHz IEC 61000-4-3 Fast Transient Burst Electrostatic discharge test Immunity against HF fields 4 kV @ 2.5 kHz (1 min.) Fast transient disturbance test 4,000 Vpk Immunity against Surge 10 V, 150 kHz ... 80 MHz Immunity against HF on lines 1,000 A/m, 60 Hz, Immunity against continuous magnetic fields IEC 61000-4-4 IEC 61000-4-5 IEC 61000-4-6 IEC 61000-4-8 Table 6 Electromagnetic compatibility 3.6.4 Temperature and Climate Resistance Operating temperature Storage temperature - 13° F…158° F (- 25° C…+ 70° C)* - 40° F…176° F (- 40° C …+ 80° C) IEC 60068-2-1 IEC 60068-2-2 IEC 60068-2-3 Dry Cold -13°F for 96 hours Dry Heat 158°F for 96 hours Damp Heat 104°F for 96 hours, rel. air humidity 93% IEC 60068-2-30 Damp Heat, cyclic (12 h +12 h), 131°F, stress duration: 6 cycles * extended temperature range on demand Table 7 Temperature and climate resistance 3.6.5 Vibration, Shock and Seismic Resistance Vibration test Class I Shock test Class I Seismic test Class I IEC 255-21-1 IEC 255-21-2 IEC 255-21-3 Table 8 26 Vibration, shock and seismic resistance TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 3 Product Description 3.6.6 Mold Resistance A conformal coating on the printed circuit board is used to inhibit mold growth. 3.7 Description of the front panel. 1 13 12 2 11 10 3 9 8 7 Figure 2 6 5 4 Front panel 1 LEDs The LEDs indicate overcurrent, under voltage, overvoltage, parallel active, NORMset active and (4) assignable functions or modes. 2 Function keys F1 … F5 These soft keys are used to navigate the menu sub-groups or adjust specific parameter settings in the input screens. 3 Status LED If the status LED is illuminated, the device is working properly. Table 9 Text legend © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 27 3 Product Description 4 MENU key This key, when pressed, displays the initial menu screen. 5 ESC key The ESC key, when pressed, displays the previous higher menu level or returns to the operating display. 6 Enter key Once a value or setting is changed in a specific parameter menu, this key must be pressed to enter the new parameter into the operating memory. 7 Arrow keys Used for navigation of parameter screens within a menu sub-group and also for changing the measured value display while on the Main Display screen. Available display values include voltage deviation dU - current (A) - apparent power (VA) - active power (W) - reactive load (VAr) - phase angle (deg.) - Cos. 8 Serial interface COM 2 The COM2 port is used to connect the TAPCON® 250 voltage controller with a PC only for parameter settings. The TAPCON®-trol parameter software and interface cable are included with each controller. 9 Contrast Adjusts the contrast of the display. 10 Automatic key Used to initiate Automatic mode. This can also be used for indication only in conjunction with a 120 VAC input (see Figure 9). 11 Manual key Used to initiate Manual mode. This can also be used as indication only in conjunction with a 120 VAC input (see Figure 9). 12 Remote key Used to toggle between Remote and Local modes. It can also be used as indication only in conjunction with a 120 VAC input (see Figure 9). 13 Raise/Lower keys The tap-changer can be operated via the Raise/Lower keys (changing the step voltage). Table 9 28 TAPCON® 250 Text legend 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 3 Product Description 1 2 3 7 6 4 5 Figure 3 3.8 LCD graphic display 1 Status line; displays menu items or error/alarm messages 2 Actual measured voltage level in V/kV 3 Reference or alternate voltage level in V/kV 4 Measured value display (voltage deviation and other values) 5 Tap-changer operating position 6 Deviation from reference or alternate voltage level 7 Timing bar Main display screen The main display screen on the LCD shows the reference and actual voltage in V or kV, the system deviation rate, and the current tap-changer position. You can set the unit to V or kV. TAPCON® 250 offers several options for setting the display unit to kV or V. You can convert all values via the "kV/V Display" submenu or specify the unit via the individual input screens for the desired values. The third line of the display can be toggled to display other metering values by pressing the right and left arrow keys. Please note that the correct display of the primary voltage and power calculations depends on the correct entry of the voltage and current transformer data (see chapter 7.3.1). © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 29 3 Product Description 3.9 Special operating reliability for TAPCON® 250 The TAPCON® 250 control panel is sub-divided into two levels (security levels). We refer to them as operation control level and protected level for parameterization. The operation control keys are clearly separated from those for parameterization. In addition, all requests for user action are indicated via LEDs (visual feedback). Figure 4 System management level (left) and parameterization and configuration section (right) The LEDs integrated in the "Raise"-/"Lower" keys are illuminated over the complete duration of the tap-changer operation. This visual monitoring facility makes operation of the TAPCON® 250 easier. TAPCON® 250 parameters can be changed both in manual and in auto mode. 30 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 3 Product Description 3.10 Controller Part Number Description The TAPCON® 250 comes available in a variety of configurations which are specified during the ordering process. Labels are placed on the back of the units to indicate the optional features that are fully functional for that controller. This is in the form of a part number configured as TC250-V-W-XY-ZZ according to the following: V = Positive Tap Position Knowledge (AI) Capability • 0 = No tap position input/output available • 1 = 0-1mA tap position input knowledge capability (selectable 0-1mA or 4-20mA output) • 2 = 0-20mA tap position input knowledge capability (selectable 0-1mA or 4-20mA output) • 4 = 4-20mA tap position input knowledge capability (selectable 0-1mA or 4-20mA output) • P= Potentiometer (voltage division) input knowledge capability (selectable 0-1mA or 4-20mA output) The AI capability is sometimes used to remotely set the voltage level with an analog signal. W = Paralleling Capability • 0 = Controller cannot be used to parallel transformers • P = Controller can be used to parallel transformers via methods described in section 4.1. X = Basic Supervisory Control (CI) Capability • 0 = No supervisory control card is present • C = Supervisory control card is available with basic serial RS232 and RS485 interface • E = Supervisory control card is available with basic serial RS232 and RS485 interface plus the additional use of ethernet with the RJ45 connection. • M = Supervisory control card is available with basic serial RS232 and RS485 interface plus the additional use of modem with the RJ45 connection. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 31 3 Product Description Y = Supervisory Control (CI) Fiber Option • 0 = Supervisory control card does not have fiber optics • 1 = Supervisory control card has fiber optic connection for FH-ST connectors ZZ= Reserved for Special Applications 32 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 Voltage regulation for transformers with tap-changers is an important issue for energy supplying companies. According to DIN-IEC 38, the 120 V voltage in the public low-voltage grid has to be kept constant with an accuracy of at least ± 10 %. TAPCON® 250 makes this control task simple and straightforward. The TAPCON® 250 voltage controller continuously compares the actual value Uactual (output voltage at the transformer) with a fixed or load-depending reference voltage level Uref that you can specify. Depending on the difference between actual and reference value, TAPCON® 250 provides the actuating pulse for the tap-changer of the transformer. The tap-changer switches if the actual value falls outside the preset bandwidth (Uref +/- B%). The voltage at the transformer is thus kept constant. Fluctuations within the permissible bandwidth have no influence on the control response or the tap-change operation. The voltage controller parameters can be optimally adjusted to the line voltage behavior, so that a balanced control response with minimum number of tapchange operations is achieved. Just enter the reference voltage level and the potential transformer ratio via the standard NORMset function. TAPCON® 250 automatically deals with the rest. Separate transformer signal converters are no longer required. These include, for example, programmable multi-signal converters or analog signal converters for transmission of measured current, voltage, active power and reactive load values. All these functions are now integrated in the TAPCON® 250 digital voltage controller. The "measured value recorder" module can be used to store and display valuable measuring values. All measured data displayed and analyzed on your PC via the software include: Measured values • tap-changer positions • voltage and voltage deviation • active current • reactive current © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 33 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 • phase angle Calculated values • active power • reactive load • apparent power • power factor The TAPCON® 250 enables the user to set and monitor the tap-changer positions directly. Additional tap position displays directly at the transformer are therefore no longer required. 4.1 Parallel operation of tapped transformers Transformer control is relatively clear and easy to handle by using the TAPCON® 250 in independent or paralleled transformer states. The TAPCON® 250 is capable of paralleling up to sixteen transformers by means of digital communication or analog ANSI scheme between controllers. Safe and economic parallel operation of transformers can only be ensured if their performance capability, i.e. their rated power, can be utilized fully and without overloading an individual transformer. There are several good reasons for operating transformers in parallel. TAPCON® 250 was therefore developed further and optimized for this mode of operation. Reasons for paralleling include: 1. Higher short circuit capacity 2. Higher throughput However, parallel operation requires special control measures for minimizing equalizing currents (circulating reactive currents) between the transformers. The formation of circulating currents is described in the following chapter. Under adverse conditions, circulating currents IKr may lead to overload or uneconomic operation of transformers. 34 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 4.1.1 Formation of circulating currents With unequal no-load voltages U1 ≠ Ux, as an EMF (electromotive force) the differential voltage ΔU = U1 - Ux causes a current flow through the windings of the transformers operated in parallel. This current is independent of the load current. Unequal no-load voltages occur if the angle and/or magnitude of the voltages differ. The magnitude and angle of the circulating current is determined by the shortcircuit impedances ZK (in series) of the transformers operated in parallel, including the impedance of the connecting lead between the transformers. The impedance of the load is negligible, because this circulating current flows through the transformers even in the absence of a load. The circulating currents IKr depend on the short-circuit impedances ZK1 ... ZKx and the differences between the no-load voltages U1-U2. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 35 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 Definition I Kr U1 – U2 = -----------------------Z K1 + Z K2 U1...Ux: no-load voltages IKr1...IKr: circulating currents ZK1...ZKx: short-circuit impedance The formation of circulating currents is visually represented in Figure 5. The short-circuit impedances ZK1... ZKx of the transformers are usually very low. This results in considerable circulating currents IKr. In this example we assume that the driving voltage U1 is greater than U2 to Ux. U1> U2, Ux Transformer 1 Figure 5 4.1.2 Transformer 2 Transformer x Parallel operation of transformers equivalent circuit diagram Parallel operation with TAPCON® 250 TAPCON® 250 enables control of sixteen transformers operated in parallel in one or two groups. Parallel operation is managed via the CAN bus. Parallel operation is activated via menu or an optional status input. 36 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 For a typical connection of two or more TAPCON® controllers see section 8.2. For safe and economic parallel operation of transformers, TAPCON® 250 has to ensure the following operating conditions of the transformers: 1. Avoidance or minimization of circulating currents 2. Avoidance of an unequal transformer load Different control techniques are used for meeting these requirements. These techniques are described below. 4.1.2.1 Master-Follower Principle (synchronism control of tap-changer) With this technique, one controller takes on a master function. This controller is assigned overall control (master), while the other controllers (followers) execute its control commands. Via the CAN bus the master compares the tap position of the followers with its own tap position. If a tap position deviation is detected, the master ensures that the followers are brought to the same tap position. This method is the best option if transformers to be paralleled always carry the load equally when on the same tap position. This is usually accomplished when identical transformers are paralleled. A failure will be indicated and blocking will occur if transformers get more than one step apart. If the Master-Follower or Autosynchronism paralleling methods are used, the primary side of the transformers must be connected to the same voltage, and the voltages on the secondary side must have the same magnitude and angle. The transformers should therefore meet the following criteria: • comparable output • same vector group • same rated voltage and comparable voltage ratios • comparable Z% Additionally, no LDC settings are affected by toggling between parallel and independent states. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 37 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 4.1.2.2 Master/Follower principle (automatic synchronism) This technique is a special form of the master/follower technique. Even in the event of a failure in the specified master controller, the power supply of the customer is not interrupted. The TAPCON® 250 automatically assigns the controller with the lowest CAN bus address as master. Please ensure that each controller has an address number assigned via the "CAN address submenu". Only after all controllers have been identified, will they be able to communicate with each other via the CAN bus and use the "automatic synchronism" technique. 4.1.2.3 Circulating reactive current principle This technique allows the controllers to behave in a manner to minimize the imbalance created by paralleling transformers. Since transformers are very reactive, this imbalance is primarily controlled by minimizing the difference in reactive current or VARs flowing through each transformer. The tap position of the transformer is irrelevant. The circulating reactive current is calculated via the transformer currents and their phase angles (Δsinφ, Δsin(S) and Δcosφ) at the supply and minimized through specific adjustment of the tap-changer. The final result is improved performance of transformers even under various conditions: • open/closed high-side bus • different high-side voltages • different Z% • dynamically changing Z% • different winding ratios • different step voltages • different tap ranges Additionally, no LDC settings are affected by toggling between parallel and independent states. 38 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 4.2 Description of the main variables and functions for voltage regulation In order to be able to fully utilize the benefits offered by TAPCON® 250 right from the start, this chapter describes the main voltage regulation parameters and functions. 4.2.1 Reference voltage level Uref The reference voltage level or bandcenter is specified as a fixed value. The reference voltage level can be specified via the TAPCON® 250 user interface in the parameter mode sub-group (section 7.2). Additionally, if the Normset function is used, it can be set in the NORMset mode sub-group (section 7.1). The TAPCON® 250 helps maintain an acceptable and stable voltage at the transformer. This reference voltage can be set to display in kV or V. Accordingly, the TAPCON® 250 compares the reference voltage level with the primary voltage (kV) or the secondary voltage (V) of the potential transformer. The TAPCON® 250 offers various further options for changing the reference voltage level or for switching to an alternate voltage level during operation such as when voltage reduction is needed. 4.2.1.1 Voltage level change via standard control system The reference voltage level can be set via standard control system protocols such as DNP3.0 or MODBUS. Please refer to our documentation for the respective interface protocol regarding addressing and data format. 4.2.1.2 Voltage level change via digital input The TAPCON® 250 can use up to 3 selectable alternate voltage levels (AVL) which can be activated by connecting a 12 VDC voltage to two possible inputs. The value of the alternate voltage levels can be set in the Parameter => Regulation param. subgroup. Active Inputs No AVL Inputs High AVL 2 Input High AVL 3 Input High AVL 2 and AVL 3 Inputs High Table 10 Resulting Bandcenter Voltage Level 1 Active Alternate Voltage Level 2 Active Alternate Voltage Level 3 Active Alternate Voltage Level 4 Active AVL function table © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 39 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 4.2.1.3 Special operation after voltage level change After the reference voltage level is changed to an alternate voltage level the controller will respond immediately ignoring any time delay setting to bring the voltage back into bandwidth. If more than one tap change is necessary, several cases apply for the subsequent commands: 4.2.2 • Case1 - Continuous Output, No Auto Inhibit activation The Raise/Lower output will stay on until the voltage is back in bandwidth again. • Case2 - Continuous Output, Auto Inhibit activation Auto Inhibit interrupts the Raise/Lower output signal. As soon as the Auto Inhibit input is de-energized, the controller will immediately activate the Raise/Lower output until Auto Inhibit is applied again or until the voltage is back in bandwidth again. • Case3 - Pulsed Output, No Auto Inhibit activation After the first Raise/Lower output pulse, the time delay T2 will count down disregarding the parameter "T2 Activation" setting. When the time bar reaches 0 s, a Raise/Lower pulse is signalled and T2 begins counting again. This procedure is repeated until the voltage is back in bandwidth again. • Case4 - Pulsed Output, Auto Inhibit activation Until Auto Inhibit is activated the controller follows the procedure as described in case3. When Auto Inhibit is energized the Raise/Lower output signal switches off and the time delay T2 is stopped. The controller will reset all timers and start with T2 once again after Auto Inhibit is deenergized in order to proceed with case 3 or case 4. Bandwidth "+/- B %" The bandwidth can be programmed as either a percentage or absolute value. If absolute value is desired, the “B%” setting is not applicable. Likewise, the absolute value setting is not applicable if turned off. If the measuring voltage, i.e. the measured actual value, falls outside the specified bandwidth (deviation ΔU), after the set delay time T1 an output pulse is issued, and the tapchanger raises or lowers accordingly. The bandwidth is programmed as a +/deviation from reference voltage level (Uref ± B %). The bandwidth should be chosen such that the output voltage of the transformer (Uactual) does not exceed the specified bandwidth limits after the tap-change operation. If the bandwidth setting is set too low, then hunting may occur. If the bandwidth setting is too high, then the voltage may not be regulated properly, resulting in undervoltage or overvoltage conditions. 40 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 Guide value for the bandwidth: Normally, the following value is recommended for the bandwidth B %: [± B %] ≥ 0.6 · ΔUStep Example for determining the permissible bandwidth: Voltage rating: Unom = 100 kV Number of tap positions: ±15 (= 30 steps) Setting range: 85 kV … 115 kV Step voltage: (115 KV – 85 kV) / 30 steps = 1 kV / step Thus 1 kV / step corresponds to value 1% of Unom. Generally, if the user‘s system permits, a bandwidth near the step voltage % is a good choice to regulate voltage while keeping a moderate number of tap change operations. Figure 6 Measured voltage and bandwidth over time 1 ∆Vstep: Step voltage 2 Vdesired: Desired value in V 3 B%: Bandwidth range 4 T1: Set delay time 5 Vactual: Measured voltage © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 41 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 42 a Vactual outside the bandwidth, T1 starts b Vactual within bandwidth before T1 lapses, no tap-change operation c Vactual outside the bandwidth, T1 starts d Vactual outside B% when T1 lapses, tap-change operation initiated e Tap-change operation complete, Vactual within the bandwidth TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 4.2.3 Control delay: T1 and T2 Delay time T1: A violation of the specified bandwidth is referred to as deviation ΔU, in which case the controller starts to respond. In order to avoid unnecessary switching operations caused by short-term violation of the bandwidth, the TAPCON® 250 features a delay time option (section 7.2.1). The duration of this delay is specified via the delay time parameter T1. You may set the bandwidth "B %" at the TAPCON® 250 from 0.5 % to 9 % in steps of 0.01 %. The transformer’s step voltage must be known to ensure proper setting of this value (see example in section 4.2.2). For increased regulating sensitivity it is also possible to set lower values, although it is highly inadvisable to go below 60 % ([± B %] ≥ 0.6 · ΔUStep) of the computed value. A gradually filling time bar located on the main screen indicates the time left until the start of the control operation (section 7.2.1). If the deviation is still present after the delay time has elapsed, an output pulse is issued, and the tap-changer initiates a switching operation. If the deviation returns to within bandwidth limits during the delay time T1, the delay time is reduced. The bar in the time diagram is shown hatched and becomes gradually smaller. No tap-change operation occurs. The benefit of the reduction is that the controller does not keep counting from 0 sec. if the bandwidth is exceeded regularly. Instead, the time already elapsed is used as a measure for the start of the subsequent delay time. The TAPCON® 250 meets the requirements of fast and optimized control response. Via the submenu "T1 control mode" (section 7.2.1), the delay time T1 can be set to linear or integral response. Linear time: The controller responds with a constant delay time, independent of the deviation. Integral time: Depending on the deviation, the response time of the controller is reduced to a minimum of 1 sec, i.e. the greater the deviation (Uactual from Uref ± B %), the shorter the response time. The voltage controller can thus respond more quickly to unexpectedly large voltage changes in the grid. Control accuracy is increased. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 43 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 Delay time T2: In rare cases, more than one tap-change operation may be required for returning the transformer output voltage to within the specified bandwidth. In general, this option can be applied to shorten or lengthen the time needed for an out of bandwidth response when the voltage is still out of bandwidth following an initial tap change. Particularly with integral control response this would mean that the time until an output pulse is issued would increase with each tap-change operation. This behavior can be counteracted by using delay time T2. The first output pulse is issued after the specified delay time T1. Further pulses required for stabilization are issued after the specified delay time T2, usually between 10 and 15 sec. The T2 time could also be activated and minimized if sequential operation is desired. This time must be carefully selected if transformer paralleling is utilized so that all paralleled controllers have time to respond to each other’s tap changes. When Auto Inhibit is activated during the operation all timers are reset and the controller stops voltage regulation. The delay time T2 will count again from the beginning after Auto Inhibit is deactivated in case of a voltage level change, see chapter 4.2.1.3. Otherwise delay time T1 is applied. Regulating deviation Parameter T1 integral Reaction time of the controller Figure 7 44 TAPCON® 250 ΔU/E-voltage change ΔU in % of the desired value in relation to the set bandwith in % to the reference voltage level 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250 4.2.4 Line compensation: LDC and Z compensation The energy supply quality at the customer not only depends on the busbar voltage of the supply transformer (measured value U), but even more on the voltage directly at the customer equipment. In selected cases, voltage regulation has to take account of the feeder impedance (in the cables or overhead lines to the customers). These feeder lines may be subject to a significant (load-dependent!) voltage drop. This voltage drop depends on the impedance of the line, the current and the phase angle ϕ at the consumer. TAPCON® 250 offers two different options for compensating a load-dependent voltage drop between transformer and consumer. Line drop compensation (LDC) requires knowledge of the exact line data. LDC offers accurate compensation of line voltage drops. Correct setting of the LDC requires calculation of the resistive and inductive line voltage drop in relation to the secondary side of the voltage transformer in V and the correct setting of the existing measuring transformer configuration according to section 7.2.3. Z compensation can be used in case of minor shifts of the phase angle ϕ, also in meshed network applications. Correct setting of the Z compensation requires calculation of the voltage increase dU taking account of the magnitude of the current. In either case if the user is using Master-Follower or minimum circulating reactive current paralleling, it is useful to also know that LDC and Z compensation settings are not affected when the controls toggle between an independent and parallel state. If paralleling transformers, please note that because the TAPCON® 250 has complete knowledge of the total load current, the LDC settings should be entered with respect to the total line current and not just the current flowing through each transformer. So, for retrofit applications where analog paralleling was previously used, the TAPCON® 250 settings may be: old analog LDC setting------------------------------------------------------= New TAPCON 250 LDC setting # of load lines © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 45 Example: Four similar transformers are paralleled. Each transformer is 50 % resistive loaded. If the line drop compensation for one transformer is set to 1 V resistive, the net effect would force each each AVR's bandcenter 2 V (4 x 50 % x1). 5 Additional performance characteristics of TAPCON® 250 5 Additional performance characteristics of TAPCON® 250 5.1 NORMset The NORMset function is an automatic mechanism that considerably simplifies configuration of a voltage controller. For commissioning the device, you simply have to enter the reference voltage level, the primary and secondary voltage and, if necessary, the potential transformer data (section 7.1). Depending on whether kV or V has been specified as the unit, the reference voltage level is compared with the primary or secondary voltage of the potential transformer. The correct application depends on the correct entry of the potential transformer data (section 7.3.1). If the reference voltage level is entered while the NORMset function is active (LED illuminates green), the voltage controller will examine the given line/ network conditions and proceed to perform an automatic adaptation of all further inputs (comprised in part of the pre-parametering and standard reference values) which used to be required for conventional controllers. 5.2 Protection functions Trouble-free operation is ensured by the controller’s inherent undervoltage blocking or overcurrent blocking (<U and >I) and overvoltage monitoring (>U) (section 5.2.1 and section 5.2.2), often referred to as first-house protection. The first-house protection feature prevents the controller from automatically regulating to an overvoltage condition due to incorrect LDC settings. Entering the limit values: For undervoltage and overvoltage, the limit value in kV or V refers to the primary or secondary voltage of the potential (measuring) transformer. For overcurrent, the limit value in percent % refers to the set rated current of the current transformer. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 47 5 Additional performance characteristics of TAPCON® 250 5.2.1 Undervoltage blocking Undervoltage blocking prevents tap-change operations in the event of a network breakdown. The voltage controller output pulses are blocked and the red LED "<U" illuminates as soon as the output voltage of the transformer falls below the set blocking value. The LED will not illuminate in case of a failure of the transformer output voltage or supply voltage (< 30 V). This standard setting can be deactivated, see Parameters => Limit values => "U< also below 30 V" (section 7.2.2). 5.2.2 Overcurrent blocking Overcurrent blocking prevents tap-change operations in the presence of overload. The voltage controller output pulses are blocked and the red "I>" LED lamp responds when the measured current exceeds the set blocking value. 5.2.3 Overvoltage detection Overvoltage detection causes the tap-changer to select an appropriate value for returning to the required operating state. The message "function monitoring" will be emitted if a regulating deviation lasting 15 min. is detected by the controller which is not eventually compensated (see section 7.2.2). In the event of an overvoltage detection response, the controller immediately responds with periodic pulses to the motor-drive mechanism until the overvoltage falls below the response threshold. The motor-drive mechanism is activated by periodic pulses with 1.5 s delay time between pulses through the "Lower" output relay (the pulse time can be set in the menu - see Configuration => General => Pulse Time (see section 7.3.2)). In this case, delay time "T1" and "T2" are not active. The red LED ">U" illuminates as long as overvoltage is present. If the voltage controller regulates towards a higher voltage than the set limit U> due to unfavorable parametering (e.g. LDC settings too high, see section 7.2.3.1), it is prevented from exceeding the limit. 5.2.4 Detection of the off-status of the transformer The TAPCON® 250 is able to detect the off state of the transformer and to prevent regulating operations independently. The user can set the voltage threshold. 48 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning 6 Commissioning 6.1 Installation An adapter panel or surface mounting kit can be used with the TAPCON® 250 voltage controller in order to make installing and retrofitting much easier. Each panel adapts the TAPCON® 250 as a tap-changer voltage control replacement and provides the external connections necessary for operation via terminal blocks on the rear of the adapter panel. Most panels also include open circuit protection for the CT in case the CT is accidentally opened at the controller’s connector. There are numerous kits and adapters available for both new and existing applications. Please Contact Reinhausen Manufacturing or www.tapcon250.com for an up to date list of adapter panels. 6.2 Connection Connect the voltage controller in accordance with the wiring diagram (see Figure 9) and according to the wiring diagram of the respective motor drive. In general, the voltage controller is operated by the measurement voltage of 85...140 VAC on pin P2.1 (Line) and pin P2.3 (Neutral). The voltage controller alternatively accepts an external +12 VDC/1A power supply on terminal P3 (P3.1 = polarity, P3.2 = return) for continuous operation during an AC power outage. The terminal connections to P1, P2 and P3 should be made with a #12-#24 AWG Copper wire preferably in a TYCO/AMP #131331 type (or equivalent) ferrule and 4.5 lb in tightening torque. WARNING! Risk of Electric Shock! Ensure that the voltage controller is connected and the housing grounded with due care. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 49 6 Commissioning Pay attention to the correct phase angle of the secondary terminals of current transformer and voltage transformer. Ensure correct connection of the output relays to the motor-drive unit. Figure 8 50 TAPCON® 250 TAPCON® 250 interfaces (bottom view) 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning 6.3 External connections GPI 1 (User-Programmable Input 1) GPI 2 (User-Programmable Input 2) GPI 3 (User-Programmable Input 3) GPI 4 (User-Programmable Input 4) Figure 9 Generic wiring scheme for definition of external connections Notes 1. Motor voltage may be 120 or 240 V to neutral, or 240 V phase-to-phase. 2. A ground connection has to be provided to the CT/VT‘s neutral connection, external to the control 3. Note that optocoupler status inputs Man/Auto, Loc/Rem, and Raise/Lower at P2-26, 27, 28, & 29 are referenced to the common inputs P2-23 and P2-25. These common inputs must be wired in accordance with the correct reference voltages in order to avoid possible damage. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 51 6 Commissioning WARNING When an adapter panel is not used, automatic shorting of CT inputs is not provided by the TAPCON® 250; the customer must provide a method for shorting the CT‘s before the control is disconnected. . WARNING When an adapter panel is not used, the TAPCON® 250 has to be protected by an external fuse rated 250V/0.3 A, fast-acting on pin P2.1 (recommendation: #312300, manufactured by LITTELFUSE). Pin P2.1 Voltage Input This input accepts nominal 120 VAC, 45...65 Hz to operate the control's power supply and voltage sensing input. The acceptable voltage range for proper control operation is from 85–140 VAC. Power consumption is 6 VA to 12 VA depending on the amount of extensions. The input voltage is referenced to (Pin P2.3). Pin P2.2 Load Current Return This is the non-polarity input to the load current measuring transformer. The companion polarity input is Pin P2.4. The line current transformer input is isolated from other pins. Pin P2.3 Neutral This is the return for the Voltage Input (Pin P2.1), and nominal +12 VDC "wetting” voltage output (Pin P2.10). Pin P2.4 Load Current Polarity The line current input range is 0–420 mA (200 mA continuous) with 200 mA representing the 1.0 per unit value. The measured current value is used for line drop compensation and metering calculation. WARNING: The current input to the TAPCON® 250 is rated at 200 mA continuous, 420 mA for two hours, and 4.0 A for 1 second. Pin P2.5 Reserved Circulating Current Polarity Bridged with pin P2.6. The TAPCON® 250 does not need this pin to perform paralleling. 52 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning Pin P2.6 Reserved Circulating Current Return Bridged with pin P2.5. The TAPCON® 250 does not need this pin to perform paralleling. WARNING There is no circulating current transformer available in the TAPCON® 250. Pin P2.7 Tap-changer Raise This switched output connects the tap-changer raise winding to the source of the motor power (Pin P2.8). When the controller calls for a raise, it is capable of switching up to 6 A at 120/240 VAC. Pin P2.8 Motor Power Input The source for powering the tap-changer motor is connected here. It can accept a maximum voltage of 240 VAC. Pin P2.9 GPI 1 (User-Programmable Input #1) This digital input is typically enabled by connecting it to the nominal +12 VDC wetting source (Pin P2.10), through an external contact. Previous firmware versions may refer to this as alternate voltage level #3 (AVL3) input. This input can be programmed for various functions related to voltage level, paralleling, tapchange inhibit, and more. Please see section 7.4 for more details regarding the use and setting of user-programmable inputs. Pin P2.10 +12 VDC Wetting Voltage This is the output of an unregulated DC power supply internal to the controller. It is referenced to P2.3 and can supply up to 100 mA. It is used for powering the digital inputs of the controller through external relays. Depending on the voltage supplied to Pin P2.1 and loading, its output can vary from +10 to +18 VDC. Note that this is not an internally fused voltage supply. Pins P2.11 & P2.12 Operations Counter Inputs 1 and 2 This digital input registers the counter contact closure. The pins are isolated from neutral to permit placing the external contact in series with either the wetting voltage or neutral. The operation counter will increment when Pin P2.12 is grounded via the transformer or controller dry operation count switch. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 53 6 Commissioning Pin P2.13 GPI 2 (User-Programmable Input #2) This digital input is typically enabled by connecting to the nominal +12 VDC wetting source (Pin P2.10), through an external contact. Previous firmware versions may refer to this as the “Switch Status” input. It can be programmed for various functions related to voltage level, paralleling, tapchange inhibit, and more. Please see section 7.4 for more details regarding the use and setting of user-programmable inputs. The status can be read through the switch status data point in the communications protocols. Pins P2.14 & P2.15 Neutral Position Detector Inputs 1 & 2 This digital input registers the neutral position switch closure. The pins are isolated from neutral to permit placement of the external contact in series with either the wetting voltage or neutral. Normally, the wetting supply (Pin P2.10) will be connected to Pin P2.14. Pin P2.16 Tap-changer Lower Output This switched output connects the tap-changer lower winding to the source of motor power. When the controller calls for a lower, it is capable of switching up to 6 A at 120/240 VAC. Pin P2.17 GPI 3 (User-Programmable Input #3) This digital input is typically enabled by connecting to the nominal +12 VDC wetting source (Pin P2.10), through an external contact. Previous firmware versions may refer to this as Auto Tapchange Inhibit. It can be programmed for various functions related to voltage level, paralleling, tapchange inhibit, and more. Please see section 7.4 for more details regarding the use and setting of userprogrammable inputs. Pin P2.18 GPI 4 (User-Programmable Input #4) This digital input is typically enabled by connecting it to the nominal +12 VDC wetting source (Pin P2.10) through an external contact. Previous firmware versions may refer to this as alternate voltage level #2 (AVL2). This input can be programmed for various functions related to voltage level, paralleling, tapchange inhibit, and more. Please see section 7.4 for more details regarding the use and setting of user-programmable inputs. Pin P2.19 Reserved for special operation only Pins P2.20 & P2.22 User-Programmable Alarm This pair of terminals is an alarm relay contact rated for 6 A at 120 VAC. This alarm closes to indicate when any of nine programmable alarm conditions are detected. Once the alarm conditions are corrected, the relay opens to its normal state. 54 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning Pins P2.21 and P2.24 Self-Test Alarm This pair of terminals is a held-open alarm relay contact rated for 6 A at 120 VAC. Failure of the power supply or the microcontroller results in loss of power to the alarm relay, allowing the contact to close. Pin P2.23 Common P2.28 & P2.29 This is the return for the Raise and Lower indication inputs. It is capable of operating with up to 240 VAC (typically this pin is connected to the motor-power return voltage). Pin P2.25 Common P2.26 & P2.27 This is the return for the status inputs Manual/Auto and Local/Remote. It is capable of operating with up to 240 VAC (typically this pin is connected to the motor-power return voltage). Pin P2.26 Manual/Auto status Input While not necessary, this input can be used to switch between Manual and Auto operation of the controller. By applying a 120 VAC voltage, the controller immediately switches to automatic control mode (it can accept up to a maximum voltage of 240 VAC and is typically connected to the motor power voltage in order to monitor it). Pin P2.27 Local/Remote status Input While not necessary, this input can be used to switch between Local and Remote operation of the controller. By applying a 120 VAC voltage, the controller immediately switches to remote control mode (it can accept up to a maximum voltage of 240 VAC). Note: The controller will accept control commands via communication (SCADA) protocols only in remote mode. In local mode, SCADA data points are read-only. Pin P2.28 & pin P2.29 Raise/Lower indication input These inputs serve for indication of a Raise or Lower command actuated either from the controller or from an external switch. Thus, they are typically connected to the Raise and Lower output pins (P2.7 & P2.16) in order to sense automatic and manual/ external operations. These inputs may also be used for initiating Raise/Lower commands from an external input source. They can accept up to a maximum voltage of 240 VAC. Pin P2.30 & pin P2.31: Auto/Manual operation status output This pair of terminals is a two-way relay contact rated for 6 A at 120 VAC. It signals the current operation mode of the controller to an external indicator. Without power connected to the device the relay is in Manual position. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 55 6 Commissioning Pin P2.32 Auto/Manual Return This is the common contact of the Auto/Manual two-way relay to indicate the current operation mode of the controller. The wiring related to pins P2.33 through P2.37 should be 100% shielded and grounded only at the TAPCON® 250 chassis. It is recommended that this wiring be continuous and have its own conduit shielded from possible interference due to switching currents usually attributed to motor control. Pin P2.33 Analog Out Return (optional) This is the return contact for the analog 0...1 mA or 4...20 mA position indication output Pin P2.34 Analog Position Indication Output (optional) This analog output typically provides a selectable 0...1 mA or 4...20 mA signal for remote position indication. It requires the analog interface module (AI-module) to be installed and can be activated in the Configuration => Tap. pos. options menu Pin P2.35 Analog Position Indication Input (optional) This input is used for analog position information via a 0...1 mA, 0...20 mA current loop or potentiometer voltage. Either the polarity line of a 0...1 mA or 0...20 mA current or the sliding contact of a potentiometer shall be connected to this terminal. The input option (current loop or potentiometer) is set by MR. For a potentiometer application, this would be the connection for the “slide”. The total resistance seen between P2.36 and P2.37 must be no greater than 2k ohms. Total resistance should be considered when choosing cabling. Pin P2.36 Analog Position Indication Return (optional) This terminal is the return line of the analog position indication input. It shall be either connected to the 0...1 mA or 0...20 mA current return line or the return line of a potentiometer. In potentiometer applications, this would be considered the “minimum”. Pin P2.37 +5 VDC Potentiometer Supply Voltage (optional) This is the output of a +5 VDC power supply internal to the controller. It is used for powering the polarity contact of a potentiometer. This would be considered the “max” end of a potentiometer row. Pin P2.38 Not connected 56 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning 6.3.1 Terminal P3 External DC power supply input: The TAPCON® 250 has a standard power supply input for continuous operation during AC power outage. A 12 VDC / 1A power supply can be directly connected to the terminals P3.1 (= Polarity) and P3.2 (= Return). It will only draw current when the measurement potential between P2.1 and P2.3 falls below 85 VAC. 6.3.2 Terminal P1 CAN bus The CAN protocol is used for communication between two or more TAPCON®controllers in parallel operation (see section 4.1 for further information or section 8.2 for connection diagram). Pin P1.1 GND Pin P1.2 CAN low Pin P1.3 Not Connected Pin P1.4 CAN high Pin P1.5 Not Connected (for special applications only) 6.4 Easy setting of operating modes with NORMset Prior to commissioning/initiation, be sure to check the entire switch configuration and the measuring and operating voltage. To assess the working mode of the voltage controller, the use of a registering device to record the controller voltage (actual value) is highly recommended. The related transformer should be subject to normal load. 1. Select the NORMset function as indicated under section 7.1 2. Set the reference voltage level 1. 3. Manually control the transformer out of the default bandwidth of 1% above the bandcenter. 4. Place the controller back into auto and allow the TAPCON® 250 to count down and output a lower voltage command. 5. Manually control the transformer out of the default bandwidth of 1% below the bandcenter. 6. If desired, apply overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrrent settings according to section 7.2.2. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 57 6 Commissioning 7. NORMset settings are now complete. If the displayed voltage is required in kV, please proceed as follows: 8. Set the rated transformer voltage and the rated current (see section 7.3.1). 9. Change the display to kV. 6.5 Function checks, operational settings for independent operation Prior to commissioning/initiation, be sure to check the entire switch configuration and the measuring and operating voltage. To assess the working mode of the voltage controller, the use of a registering device to record the CT/VT voltage (actual value) is highly recommended. The related transformer should be subject to normal load. 1. Set the transformation ratios of the CT/VT as specified under section 7.3.1, as well as the measuring circuit. 2. Let the measured actual voltage (voltage from the measuring transformer) be indicated on the display of the voltage controller by pressing the "ESC" button until the initial screen appears. 3. Let the current, power, and phase angle values be indicated on the display with the help of the "Right Arrow" and "Left Arrow" keys in the initial screen. Compare these values with those from possibly existing service measuring instruments. If wrong signs are indicated, reverse the polarity of the current or voltage transformer. Please note that the factory presetting for the current transformer is 0 Ampere! To ensure proper display of the correct operating values, please be sure to enter the primary rated transformer current in the menu "Configuration - Data of meas. transformer - primary current". 4. Set the reference voltage level. By manual control of the motor-drive, bring the tap-changer to the service position so that the reference voltage level is obtained. 5. Set the reference voltage level to this value (Configuration => Parameter => Regulation param.). 6. Set the bandwidth to 1.0 %. In most cases the voltage controller is now in a balanced state (no countdown). Otherwise change the reference voltage level in steps of 0.1 V until a balanced state is reached. 7. Set the desired bandwidth that is best for the transformers step voltage (see section 7.2.1). 58 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning 8. Set the delay time T1 to 20s linear as per section 7.2.1; by manual control, move the tap-changer towards "Raise" by one step. Check if the operation mode is "Auto". The time bar should fill up from bottom to top while the time is simultaneously displayed above the time bar until activation of the tapchanger. After a period of 20 s the voltage controller must control the tapchanger back to its previous service position. At that point the bar graph display moves back into the normal position. Repeat the control procedure towards "Lower". Set the operating delay time T2 to 10 s and "T2 on" in the menu T2 activation. By manual control, move the tap-changer towards "Raise" by two steps. Check if the operation mode is "Auto". After a period of 20 s the voltage controller must automatically control the tap-changer back to its previous service position by one step and after further 10 s by another step. Set the delay times T1 and T2 to the desired value. If T2 is not utilized, the "T2 off" setting will be required. When putting the transformer into service, it is recommended to set the delay time T1 provisionally to 100 s. Depending on the existing operating conditions, you may want to determine the definitive setting only after some time of observation. For this purpose it is recommended to register the variation of the actual voltage and the number of tap change operations on a day-to-day basis. If an inverse response of the voltage controller is desired, set an integral time response for the delay time T1. In this case the delay time is automatically shortened inversely proportional to the deviation. 9. Set the mode of operation to "Manual“ and the existing reference voltage level e.g. to 130 V. Set the response value for undervoltage blocking U< to 120 V, so that the actual measured voltage now corresponds to the set value of the response blocking value. Set the mode of operation to "Auto“. 10.The output relay "Raise“ must not issue a control command. LED U< will now respond. After approx. 10 s the error message "Undervoltage" will be visible (deviation from reference voltage level - > -). Upon completion of this function test you may now set the desired response value for undervoltage blocking. 11. Set the mode of operation to "Manual“and set the existing reference voltage level e.g. to 110 V. Set the response value for overvoltage detection U> to 120 V, so that the actual measured voltage now corresponds to the set voltage of the response for overvoltage detection. LED U> will now respond and the error message "Overvoltage" will be visible (deviation from reference voltage level - < -). 12.Set the mode of operation to "Auto“. The output relay "Lower“ must issue periodic control commands at 1.5 s intervals. Now set reference voltage level back to its original value and the desired response value for overvoltage detection according to this reference voltage level. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 59 6 Commissioning 13.Set the response threshold for overcurrent blocking I>. A function check is not necessary. 14.Press the “ESC” key until the main measurement screen is visible. Press the right arrow key until “dU” is visible on the third line. This is necessary to set and test the LDC settings. Note that during this function check, the minimum load current of 10 % of the rated current of the CT/VT must flow. Set the mode of operation to "Manual“. With settings for Ux = Ur = O, “dU” should not be affected. A setting of Ur = 20 V, Ux = O V deviation, “dU”, from reference voltage level should be negative. A setting of Ur = 0 V, Ux = 20 V should display a deviation, “dU”, from reference voltage level as positive. If the bar graph display moves in the opposite direction, change the polarity of the current transformer. The actually desired load drop can be set upon completion of the above settings. Set the mode of operation to "Auto“. Check if the setting is correct by observing the voltage at the line end during service and with different loads. When the setting is correct the voltage at the line end will remain constant. 15.Setting of Z-Compensation (as per section 7.2.3.2) as an alternative to LDC. Set the mode of operation to "Manual“. Set the Z-Compensation voltage rise to 0, the voltage controller is in a balanced state. Setting Z-compensation limit = 15 %.Setting voltage increase = 15 % (deviation from reference voltage level -> - during this function check the minimum load current of 10 % of the rated current of the CT/VT must flow). The desired values for Zcompensation can be set upon completion of the above settings. Set the mode of operation to "Auto“. 16.Check if the setting is correct by observing the stability of a certain point in the network with different loads. When the setting is correct, the voltage at this point will remain constant. 17.To check alternate voltage levels, set the alternate voltage level 2 to the desired value (refer to section 7.2.1). Set the mode of operation to "Manual“ and connect the +12VDC wetting voltage (P2.10) to P2.18. The bar graph display must move in the direction of "Lower" or "Higher" according to the set value for alternate voltage level 2 and AVL2 must be shown in the operating display. Please proceed in the same manner for alternate voltage level 3 by connecting +12 VDC wetting voltage to the P2.9 signalling relay for alternate voltage level 3. The alternate voltage level 4 is activated by simultaneously connecting +12 VDC wetting voltage to pin P2.18 and pin P2.9. Set the mode of operation to "Auto“ after deenergizing the inputs P2.9 and P2.18. 60 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning 6.6 Function checks, operational settings during parallel operation (see section 7.3.4) The prerequisite for the proper functioning of parallel operation is the commissioning of each voltage controller for independent operation. The current transformer inputs must be connected and the CT/VT configuration must be parameterized correctly. Each measuring VT reference must be from the same side (high side, or low side) of their respective transformer. The voltage controllers must be set to identical operating parameters for the reference voltage, bandwidth, time delay T1, and line compensation, if applicable (LDC or Z Compensation, respectively). If the minimum circulating reactive current method is used, set stability to "0 %" and "Blocking Threshold" to "20 %". During parallel operation, time delay T2 must never be set below 8 s! If T2 is turned off, then T1 can never be set below 8 s! Settings can be performed in Manual and Auto operating mode. Each controller must be assigned an address of its own on the CAN bus (Configuration => Parallel Control => CAN address). Each controller’s parallel operation must be turned to “On” (Configuration => Parallel Control => Parallel Operation). 6.6.1 Parallel operation according to the principle of "circulating reactive current" Setting the interference variable (Stability) Keep in mind that the circulating reactive current method does not use tap position to parallel! It is based upon a stability value used to balance the amount of circulating reactive current between paralleled transformers. Before beginning, note that the stability value for the controller is specific to the individual transformer on which it is installed. The commissioning procedure to find this value includes creating a desired circulating reactive current level to be acted upon by the paralleled controllers. This can be achieved by commissioning transformers individually or in pairs. Due to the ease of commissioning, the procedure that follows will include the pairing method. If further information is needed for a more complex paralleling commissioning, please contact Reinhausen mfg directly for support. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 61 6 Commissioning Assuming two paralleled transformers, individually set both transformers to tap positions where there is the least reactive current imbalance between the paralleled transformers so that both voltage controllers are in a balanced state (bar graph display in normal position, the indication of "dU%" must be as close to 0% as possible. Now switch the transformers to parallel operation and enable parallel control, but leave them in a manual state. This can be done via the menu or via one of the user programmable inputs if activated. After more than one controller is in a parallel mode, the parallel LED above the LCD screen should glow. If paralleled transformers are relatively similar, the least circulating current or imbalance is usually when paralleled transformers are on the same tap position. Regardless, all paralleled controllers can be viewed by pressing the “Menu” key, “F5” for “Info”, and the right arrow key until the “Data on CANbus” screen is visible. Here, the voltage, bandcenter, real current, reactive current, and tap position of each controller can be viewed. Adjust the transformer tap positions until the least imbalance is viewed. The tap positions may not be equal between transformers! Set the mode of operation to "Manual“ if not already in a manual state. The transformers should remain in a stable state. Attempt to create a circulating reactive current imbalance by raising one of the two transformers by one voltage step and lowering the other of the two transformers by one voltage step. It is desired for both transformers to remain in a manual state, but this may not always be the case if transformers naturally do not share the loading equally. Upon modification of the setting value "Stability", the value of the efficiency will change in the last line of the help text. Continue adjusting the stability until the display of the efficiency exceeds the preset value for the entire bandwidth by approx. 0.2 to 0.3 %. Example: If Bandcenter=120V and Bandwidth setting=±1.2 V, then “Eff” should be around 2.2 % to 2.3 % Each voltage controller should be set individually, but will likely be identical if paralleled transformers are very similar or identical. Select the "Auto" operating mode for both voltage controllers. Both voltage controllers should control the tap-changers back into their previous service positions. If the timer bar begins to count again, the stability should be reduced until the transformers react so that one transformer is controlled back and the other is just beyond bandedge. This is indicated if the timer bar begins to count and then stops, then counts, and so forth. 62 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning So, if only one voltage controller responds while the imbalance exists, the stability should be increased. If the tap-changers are regulating out of sync ("pumping" or “hunting”), this setting needs to be reduced. Setting the circulating reactive current blocking (Overcurrent Bandwidth Threshold) Switch over the paralleled voltage controllers to the "Manual" operating mode. Manually separate the two paralleled transformers to the maximum separation or imbalance allowed. Typically for very similar transformers, this will be two to three steps difference. Starting with the preset value of "20 %", begin decreasing the blocking threshold towards a lower value in small steps until message "parallel operation failure" appears (by default the alarm is set to 10s for parallel failure). Please wait up to 10s between each incremental test. WARNING! This setting is based off of the percentage of imbalance according to the CT ratios. Therefore, this setting could vary significantly. In some cases, this setting may be set up to 40%, but the user must understand and assume the risks with allowing such an imbalance between paralleled transformers. All voltage controllers will block all further regulating actions. Now reset the blocking threshold again towards a higher value until the message "Parallel operation failure" disappears. The controller should now not block at the allowable tap difference, but block at any greater difference. Again switch the voltage controller back to the "Auto" operating mode. The motordrive will automatically adjust the paralleled transformers within half the allowable imbalance. So, if the transformers are very similar, the motor-drives should be controlled within one tap position of each other. This blocking setting may be different for each paralleled controller if the transformers naturally do not share the load perfectly equal even under ideal conditions. Therefore, please adjust each controller independently. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 63 6 Commissioning Disturbances during parallel operation If one or all of the controllers signal "Parallel operation failure" even though the control inputs are properly connected for all controllers, the following causes may be present: • Interruption of the data communication between the controllers. Check the data lead in that respect • A controller is not functional • Different methods of parallel operation were selected • The bandwidth threshold of the circulating reactive current was exceeded • Incorrect controller addressing By default, the controllers will block under any of the above conditions, but the user can change this behavior. If the “Absent CAN Bus Behavior” is changed from “Blocking” to “Independent” within the “Parallel Control” “Configuration” option, then the controller will operate in an independent state if a failure is sensed. 6.6.2 Parallel operation in accordance with the principle of "Master/ Follower tap synchronization or Autosynchronism" Select the corresponding method and determine which one of the controllers will assume master function and which of the controllers will assume follower function (see section 7.3.4). Each controller should have positive position knowledge input as preconfigured by Reinhausen Manufacturing. Match the tap positions of each paralleled transformer and then place them in “Auto”. The follower controller will match tap positions with the master within 8 seconds of a sensed tap position difference. Only the master regulates according to the measured voltage. 64 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 6 Commissioning Disturbances during parallel operation with the principle of "Master/ Follower tap synchronization or Autosynchronism" If one or all of the controllers signal "Parallel operation failure" even though the control inputs are properly connected for all controllers, the following causes may be present: • Interruption of the data communication between the controllers. Check the data lead in that respect • A controller is not functional • Different methods of parallel operation were selected • Multiple or no masters assigned • A tap difference of greater than one position or no tap position data at all • Incorrect controller addressing • More than one paralleling group input is active. By default, the controllers will block under any of the above conditions, but the user can change this behavior. If the “Absent CAN Bus Behavior” is changed from “Blocking” to “Independent” within the “Parallel Control” “Configuration” option, then the controller will operate in an independent state if a failure is sensed. 6.6.3 Setting the time delay for the message "Parallel operation failure" (see section 7.3.4) 6.6.4 "Tap direction turned" setting (see section 7.3.4) Since a comparison of the tap positions of the transformers jointly engaged in parallel operation is performed during parallel operation in accordance with the principle of "Master/Follower tap synchronisation", it is imperative to maintain identical position knowledge for all these transformers, and to ensure that the "Higher" and "Lower" signals will affect identical voltage changes in all the transformers. If this is not the case, i.e. if the phenomenon appears that the follower controller(s) switch(es) in the opposite direction of the master controller's tapping direction, proceed by changing the setting of this parameter from "standard" to "turned". © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 65 7 Parameterization 7 Parameterization 7.1 NORMset Activating the NORMset function Menu => NORMset => NORMset Activation This function basically allows the controller to automatically adjust its own bandwidth settings. If the user already has confidence in his/her desired settings, then please skip to section 7.2. The term "NORMset" function stands for an automatism which considerably simplifies the parametering of a voltage controller. The only thing left to do for the operator when commissioning during the NORMset mode is to enter the reference voltage level and, if required, the CT/VT values and subsequently take the device into operation. All other parameters required for simple voltage regulation will be preassigned at the factory (e. g. bandwidth of 1 %). Should the actual value exceed the set bandwidth, an appropriate switching operation will be initiated at the tap-changer. The voltage change ensuing from the switching operation corresponds to the transformer’s tap voltage and is checked for plausibility by the controller, using the preset bandwidth. The bandwidth value is then corrected and optimized in accordance with the results gleaned from this check. If the next system deviation occurs, the new bandwidth will be used as basis, which will be rechecked and readjusted, if necessary. Should the marginal conditions change, the controller will again optimize itself automatically. It works without saying that mains-specific and/or customer-specific settings such as LDC, parallel operation, or position display can still be changed in the standard mode and will be taken into consideration during determination of the optimum parameters. The parameters for undervoltage/overvoltage and overcurrent are not set by the NORMset function. If required, these parameters have to be entered manually during commissioning/initiation. The NORMset function is deactivated during parallel operation. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 67 7 Parameterization Setting the reference voltage level (NORMset) Menu => NORMset => Reference voltage level 1 Setting range: 100...135.0 V Setting the primary voltage (NORMset) Menu => NORMset => Primary voltage Setting range: 0...999.0 kV Setting the secondary voltage (NORMset) Menu => NORMset => Secondary voltage Setting range: 100...135.0 V 7.2 Setting the parameters This chapter describes all settings required in regulating functions and monitoring tasks. To make specific parameters easier to find, subgroups were created which contain functionally related individual parameters. For applications when all that is needed is basic regulation without metering, tap position knowledge, paralleling, supervisory control, or any other special feature, the user may find that all further menu options beyond the “Parameter” settings can be ignored. 68 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization 7.2.1 Regulation parameters This sub-group comprises all standard parameters required for the regulating function. Setting the reference voltage level 1 (bandcenter) and alternate voltage level 2/3/4 (typically used for voltage reduction schemes) Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter => Reference voltage level 1 and alternate voltage level 2/3/4 Setting range: 100.0...135.0 V The setting of the reference voltage level refers either to the secondary or to the primary voltage side of the voltage transformer connected to the TAPCON® 250. The secondary voltage is displayed in Volt (V), the primary voltage in kilovolt (kV). Correct input of the voltage transformer data is a prerequisite for proper display of the reference voltage levels or of the actual voltage level in kV. See section 7.3.1 for instructions to set measurement transformer data. The alternate voltage levels 2 or 3 will be activated in the presence of a continuous signal at the corresponding GPI (User Programmable Input) at P2.9, P2.13, P2.17, or P2.18 if activated. Note that AVL 4 is activated if two inputs for AVL 2 and AVL3 are simultaneously energized. See section 7.4 for more information about GPIs.. Please bear in mind that the correct display of the primary voltage depends on the correct input of the voltage transformer data (see section 7.3.1). © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 69 7 Parameterization Setting the Absolute Bandwidth This setting indicates which type of bandwidth value to use. If set to ON, it will make the absolute voltage “Bandwidth (V)” setting valid and the “Bandwidth (%)” (shown in next paragraph) invalid. Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter => Absolute Bandwidth ON: Absolute values OFF: Percentage values Setting the Bandwith (%) This is one of two bandwidth options. If the “Absolute Bandwidth” is set to “ON”, this setting is ignored. Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter => Bandwidth (%) Setting range: 0.5...9% You may set the bandwidth "B" from 0.5 % to 9 % in steps of 0.01 %. The transformer’s step voltage must be known to ensure proper setting of this value. Regulating range (%) Regulating range (%) B (%) = --------------------------------------------------- = --------------------------------------------------No. of steps No. of Positions - 1 For increased regulating sensitivity it is also possible to set lower values, although it is highly inadvisable to go beneath 60% of the computed value. If the measuring-circuit voltage is altered far enough during operation to exceed the set bandwidth, an output pulse will be generated according to the set delay time. This is shown by a consecutive filling-in of the time bar in the operating display. Simultaneously, the time left over until emission of the output pulse is displayed. If no compensation occurs for more than 15 min, the "function monitoring" alarm will respond if activated (see chapter 7.2.2). The alarm will not be reset until the deviation falls short of the set limit. 70 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the Bandwith (V) This is one of two bandwidth options. If the “Absolute Bandwidth” is set to “OFF”, this setting is ignored. Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter => Bandwidth (V) Setting range: 0.5...10 V Setting the Voltage Offset In cases where the measured voltage value is less than the actual regulated voltage on a system, up to 20V in increments of 0.1V can be added to the measured voltage value in order to compensate for any losses. This is a base voltage offset that is always applied to the actual voltage measurement. When set to 0.0V, no offset is applied. Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter => Voltage Offset Setting range: 0.0...20 V Setting the delay time T1 Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter => T1 delay time Setting range: 1 ... 600s The delay time starts as soon as the regulating deviation exceeds the set bandwidth limits above or below. At the same time, the time bar graph fills in from bottom to top and the time left until emission of the control pulse is displayed. If the regulating deviation is still present after the delay time has elapsed, an output pulse is emitted. If the deviation returns to within bandwidth limits within the delay time, then the current delay time will, starting from the time already elapsed, be deleted against Zero. While this is going on, the absolute time display will be disappearing from the display. At the same time, the time bar graph is displayed as a hatched line permanently decreasing in size. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 71 7 Parameterization If the regulating deviation again exceeds the set bandwidth limits during deletion, the time delay will, starting from the remaining time, be started anew. Menu => Parameter => Regulating parameter => T1 Control mode The delay time T1 can be set with linear or integral response. If a delay time with integral response "Integral" is set, the delay time is automatically shortened according to the relation of actual system deviation to set bandwidth (B), down to a minimum of 1s. Regulating deviation Parameter T1 integral Reaction time of the controller Figure 10 ΔU/E -voltage change ΔU in % of the desired value, in relation to the set bandwith in % to the reference voltage level 72 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the delay time T2 Menu => Parameter => Regulating parameter => T2 activation The delay time T2 will become effective only if more than one consecutive tap change is required for reduction of the control deviation below the bandwidth limit. The first output pulse is emitted after the set delay time T1, whereas the other pulses required for compensation will be emitted after the set delay time T2. Menu => Parameter => Regulating parameter => T2 delay time Setting range: 1...60 s During operation, the delay time T2 must be greater than the maximum running time of the motor-drive. This is most important for the case of automatic passage of positions. If paralleling transformers, T2 should never be set for less than 8s. 7.2.2 Limit values This sub-group comprises all parameters required for the monitoring of limiting values. The voltage limiting values can be set as absolute values. For overcurrent, the percentage value refers to the set rated current of the current transformer. Setting the undervoltage blocking (U<) Undervoltage blocking prevents tap-change operations in the event of a network breakdown. The voltage controller output pulses are blocked and the red LED lamp "U<" responds when the measuring voltage falls below the set blocking value. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 73 7 Parameterization The LED will not respond in case of a failure of either the measuring voltage and/or the supply voltage (< 30 V) (this standard setting can be cancelled: see parameter "U< also under 30 V" at the end of the limit values menu). Setting the limiting values for undervoltage blocking as absolute value. When converting the display to kV (F3 key), this value can be set in reference to the primary CT/VT voltage, whereas if the display is set to V this value will be in reference to the secondary voltage. Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U < Undervoltage (V) Setting range: 95...135 V Setting the overvoltage detection (U>) with automatic return control (“First-House Protection”) In the event of an overvoltage detection response, the tap-changer is operated by periodic pulses to the motor-drive until the overvoltage falls below the response threshold. The motor-drive is controlled by periodic pulses through the "Lower" output relay with 1.5 s delay time between pulses (the pulse time can be set in the Configuration menu) while the set delay time remains inactive during this operation. At the same time the "U>" LED lamp responds. If the voltage controller regulates towards a higher voltage than the set limit U> due to an unfavorable parametering (e.g. too high LDC settings), it is prevented from exceeding the limit. An unadjustable operating state is signaled by the signaling alarm through SCADA protocol for "function monitoring", after 15 minutes. Setting the limiting value for overvoltage detection as absolute value. When converting the display to kV (F3 key), this value can be set in reference to the primary CT/VT voltage, whereas if the display is set to V this value will be in reference to the secondary voltage. Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U> Overvoltage (V) Setting range: 100...140 V 74 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the overcurrent blocking (I>) Overcurrent blocking prevents tap-change operations in the presence of excessive overcurrent. The voltage controller output pulses are blocked and the red "I>" LED lamp responds when the measured current exceeds the set blocking value. Menu => Parameter => Limit values => l> Overcurrent Setting range: 50...210 % The value will refer to the rated current of the current transformer. Function monitoring The message "function monitoring" will be emitted to supervisory control if a regulating deviation lasting 15 min is detected by the controller which is not eventually compensated. Use this parameter to suppress the message (= Off) to avoid the generation of an error message while the transformer is switched off and while at the same time the message has not been suppressed at U< 30 V (see the following paragraph). Menu => Parameter => Limit values => Function monitoring Delayed response of the message undervoltage U< Set a delayed response time for this message to avoid the immediate generation of a message in the event of short-term voltage drops. Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U< delay time Setting range: 0...20 s © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 75 7 Parameterization Deactivating the undervoltage blocking It is possible to deactivate the blocking of "Lower" output pulses in the event of a shortfall of the undervoltage threshold. In that case, only a message will be emitted. Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U< Blocking Suppressing the undervoltage message Suppress the message Undervoltage U< to avoid the generation of an error message while the transfor-mer is switched off (= measuring voltage U< 30 V). Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U< under 30 V Setting the hunting alarm limit A limit can be set for the number of Raise/Lower commands given by the unit in Automatic mode. This can be set between 0-100, 0 being off. This alarm does not require the use of the counter inputs on P2.11/12. When activated, the programmable alarm will be toggled if set for Hunting Alarm. Menu => Parameter => Limit values => Hunting alarm limit Setting range: 0...100 76 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization 7.2.3 Line compensation The line-drop compensation (LDC), i.e. the inclusion of the voltage drop of a line connected to the transformer in the regulating process, can be accomplished in two different ways. Comparison between Line-Drop- and Z-Compensation Application of the vectorial compensation (LDC): • requires knowledge of the exact line data • permits an accurate compensation of the line voltage drops Application of the Z-compensation: • can be used in the case of minor shifts of the phase angle ϕ • can be also used in meshed network applications.. For the correct setting of the LDC it is necessary to calculate the resistive and inductive line voltage drop in relation to the secondary side of the voltage transformer in V and the correct setting of the existing measuring configuration according to paragraph 7.3.1. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 77 7 Parameterization 7.2.3.1 Line-Drop Compensation (LDC) Calculation of the required values R CT R CT U x ( V ) = I N ⋅ ----------- ⋅ x ⋅ L U r ( V ) = I N ⋅ ----------- ⋅ r ⋅ L R VT R VT Where Ur = LDC setting for resistive line voltage drop in V Ux = LDC setting for inductive line voltage drop in V IN = Rated current in A of the selected current transformer connection to the voltage controller, i.e. 0.2 A RCT = Current transformer ratio, e.g. 200 A/0.2 A RVT = Voltage transformer ratio, e.g. 30000V ⁄ 3----------------------------100V r = Ohmic resistance of line in W / km per phase x = Inductive reactance of line in W / km per phase L = Length of line in km If the active voltage drops Ur and reactive voltage drops Ux are set correctly, then the line end voltage will remain constant regardless of load. Setting the resistive voltage drop Ur Menu => Parameter => Compensation => Ur - Line-Drop Compensation Setting range: 0...25 V Set the calculated resistive voltage drop in the Ur display. The effect of the compensation can be reversed by 180° (minus sign preceding the setting). If no compensation is desired, then the value "0" is to be set. LDC and Z-Compensation can be operated simultaneously. Set the parameters of the compensation method not in use to "0". 78 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the inductive voltage drop Ux Menu => Parameter => Compensation => Ux - Line Compensation Setting range: 0...25 V Set the calculated inductive voltage drop in the Ux display. The effect of the compensation can be reversed by 180° (minus sign preceding the setting). If no compensation is desired, then the value "0" is to be set. 7.2.3.2 Z-Compensation For correct setting of the parameters the voltage rise (ΔU) has to be calculated in consideration of the current. Calculation of the required setting values: U Tr – U Load I N ⋅ R CT ΔU ( % ) = 100 ⋅ ---------------------------------- ⋅ ---------------------U Load I Where ΔU = Setting of Z-Compensation in % UTr = Transformer voltage at current I ULoad = Line end voltage at current I and with the same service position of the tap-changer I = Load current in A IN = Rated current in A of the selected current transformer connection to the voltage controller, i.e. 0.2 A RCT = Current transformer ratio, e.g. 200 A/0.2 A Setting the voltage rise Menu => Parameter => Compensation => Z-Compensation Setting range: 0 ... 15 % Set the calculated percentage of the voltage rise, referred to the reference voltage level. If no compensation is desired, the value "0" is to be set. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 79 7 Parameterization Setting the limiting value for ΔU (LIMIT) If a certain compensation is desired while excessive transformer voltage rises (e. g. in case of an unusually high load) shall be avoided the max. permissible voltage rise referred to the reference voltage level can be set. Menu => Parameter => Compensation => Z-Comp. Limit Setting range: 0 ... 15 % 7.3 Setting of configuration This chapter treats all settings relevant in the configuration of system-specific data. To make specific parameters easier to find, sub-groups were created which contain functionally related individual parameters. 7.3.1 Data of Measuring Transformer (CT/VT data) The transformation ratios and measuring set-ups of the voltage and current transformers used can be set in the corresponding displays by pressing the F1, F4 and F5 function keys. Setting the primary VT voltage This is the primary voltage rating of the potential (voltage) measuring transformer as connected (Line-to-Neutral or Line-to-Line) Menu => Configuration => Data of meas. Trf. => Primary voltage Setting range: 0...999.9 kV A decimal point can be inserted by pressing the “F3” key. 80 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the secondary VT voltage This is the secondary setting of the voltage measuring transformer. NOTE: This is not to be confused with the reference voltage level or bandcenter. Menu => Configuration => Data of meas. Trf. => Secondary voltage Setting range: 100...135 V Example setting: VT ratio = 60:1, then likely primary VT setting = 6.9kV, likely secondary VT setting = 115V Setting the primary CT current This is the actual rating of the measurement CT primary. Since this is usually measured from the transformer bushing, it can be easily read from there and is sometimes referred to as the LDC CT. Menu => Configuration => Data of meas. Trf. => Primary current Setting range: 1...10,000 A There is no setting for secondary CT current because the secondary is understood to be a 0.2 A rating. Reinhausen manufacturers a 8.66 A/ 5 A:0.2 A auxiliary current transformer, MR-169, if needed. If a current larger than 0.2 A continuously flows through into the TAPCON® 250, it could be damaged, resulting in severe injury or death to personnel and damage to surrounding equipment. CAUTION The standard value preset at the factory is 0 ampere, i. e. 0 ampere will be displayed for metering purposes even in the presence of a current unless the CT data is entered, but regulation is not affected. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 81 7 Parameterization Setting the phase angle of current/ voltage transformer Settings of the conventional measuring circuits in accordance with Figure 10. Menu => Configuration => Data of meas. Trf. => Instr. transformer circuit Setting options: • -30 3PH • 0 3PH • +30 3PH • +90 3PH • 0 1PH • 0 3PHN • +120 3PHN • -120 3PH If using LDC or paralleling transformers via a circulating current method, it is absolutely necessary that correct phase angle relationships are entered. 82 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Figure 11 Measurement circuits © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 83 7 Parameterization If the user is uncertain about the actual phase relationship, the controller can be helpful. With each transformer in independent operation, press “Menu”, “F5” for “Info”, and then the right arrow key one time to view “Meas Values”. Compare the phase angle measured with other substation metering equipment and adjust accordingly. Keep in mind that reversed CT polarity will shift the phase angle by 180 degrees. Whenever the correct phase angle settings are entered, calculated values available on the third line of the main display should be close to those seen on other metering devices. For example, if the load is near unity power factor, the phase angle shown in the “Info” screen will be approximately the phase relationship between the VT and CT. This correct power factor should be accurate when scrolling the third line of the main display. 7.3.2 General Setting the desired display language Menu => Configuration => General => Language Controller identification Controller identification serves as the identification characteristic of a TAPCON® voltage controller. Its task is to ensure that a connection is established between the visualization software and a specifically defined voltage controller. 84 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization During online communication, this controller identification is inquired by the software running on the PC and subsequently compared with the existing controller data. This allows an accurate classification of the data and/or parameters. Menu => Configuration => General => Controller identification Controller identification is comprised of a four-digit string usually preset at the factory as the last four digits of the device serial number. Setting the transmission speed Menu => Configuration => General => Setting the baudrate (front COM2 port) Setting the baud rate for data transmission to the visualization software at the voltage controller front RS232 interface. Adjustable values: •9,600 Baud •19,200 Baud •38,400 Baud •57,600 Baud Many laptops have a default speed of 9.6 kBaud. To ensure best connection, the user should confirm maximum possible speed in his/her laptop hardware settings each time the RS232 or RS232 to USB adapter cable is connected. Conversion of the voltage displays from kV to V Conversion of the voltage displays causes the reference voltage level and the actual voltage level in the main display to be converted to either kV or V. Menu => Configuration => General => Display kV/V © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 85 7 Parameterization Conversion of the current displays from % to A Conversion of the current displays causes the desired current level and the actual current level in the main display to be converted to either % or A. Menu => Configuration => General => Display %/A Setting the pulse duration during tapping operations Menu => Configuration => General => pulse time The pulse duration can be changed within a range of 0 ... 10 s. Please extend the pulse time if the motor-drive mechanism refuses to start up in the standard setting. If the motor-drive mechanism performs too many tap changes during one pulse, reduce this setting until proper results are achieved. By default, this is set to 1.5 seconds. CAUTION If the pulse duration is set to 0 s, a continuous signal will be emitted. Setting the demand interval Menu => Configuration => General => Demand Interval Setting options: 15 min, 30 min, 60 min This setting is used to mock an analog peak recording thermal demand meter and is the time after which 90 % of steady state load has been reached. 86 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting of the motor runtime Menu => Configuration => General => Motor runtime The running time of the motor drive unit is monitored by the voltage controller via the counter inputs. When a signal is queued longer than specified on the input to be defined by the customer, the voltage controller generates an error message. The permissible running time of the motor drive unit can be set between 0 and 20 seconds. When "0 s" is set, runtime monitoring is disabled. Reverse power flow mode Menu => Configuration => General => Reverse power flow mode The programmed action will take place when a reverse power flow is sensed. Note that sometimes during commissioning , reverse power flow may be indicated if CT polarity is reversed or VT/CT phase relationship is incorrectly entered. Options •ignore •block •to neutral Pulsed/Non-pulsed operation The TAPCON® 250 is capable of allowing the user to choose the type of interface for the unit's local/remote and auto/manual functions. This comes in the form of two options, Pulsed and Non-pulsed. Pulsed allows for full functionality of the front control panel keys. Keys are made active and available to be used for choosing a mode of operation. The selected mode is indicated by an accompanying LED. In the case of Auto/Manual, the pulsed option also allows for control via a selected communication protocol. However, the control functions are not accepted while the unit is in local mode. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 87 7 Parameterization Non-pulsed allows for the use of an input contact signal for selecting a desired mode. This is an analog input. The respective front control panel keys are for indication only and cannot be toggled through a communication protocol. Local/Remote input Menu => Configuration => General => Local/ Remote input This setting indicates the method by which local and remote modes will be selected. When "Pulsed" is selected, the REMOTE key is made active on the front panel. An illuminated LED indicates when in Remote mode. NOTE: This mode cannot be changed through a communications control command. When "Non-pulsed" is selected, the REMOTE key is inactive and used for indication only. This mode can only be changed by an input to P2.27. Manual/Auto input Menu => Configuration => General => Manual/Auto input This setting indicates the method by which manual and automatic modes will be selected. When "Pulsed" is selected, the MANUAL and AUTO keys are made active on the front panel. An illuminated LED indicates the selected mode. NOTE: This mode can be changed through a communications control command if also in Remote mode. When "Non-pulsed" is selected, the MANUAL and AUTO keys are inactive and used for indication only. This mode can only be changed by an input to pin P2.26. 88 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization 7.3.3 User I/Os – General Purpose User Programmable Inputs/Outputs In this submenu, the operator can set the functionality of the four user programmable inputs located at P2.9, P2.13, P2.17, and P2.18 and/or set the indication criteria for the user-programmable general purpose alarm located between P2.20 and P2.22. 7.3.3.1 User-Programmable Inputs (GPIs) These digital inputs are typically enabled by connecting it to the nominal +12 VDC wetting source (Pin P2.10), through an external contact. Any of four GPIs (GPI 1, 2, 3, and 4) can be programmed with the following: Options • Off – Input is not active • AVL2 (Alternate Voltage Level 2) – AVL2 will become active according to programmed parameters. • The amount of alternate voltage implemented is determined by the setting in the Parameter => Regulation param. menu. • AVL3 (Alternate Voltage Level 3) – AVL3 will become active according to programmed parameters. • The amount of alternate voltage is determined by the setting in the Parameter => Regulation param. menu. NOTE: Enabling both alternate voltage levels #2 and #3 inputs simultaneously will result in the level of alternate voltage as specified on the alternate voltage #4 setting in the Parameter => Regulation param. menu. • Parallel Group 1 – Activates paralleling group 1 according to “Parallel Control” settings. This input takes priority over the Parallel Group setting in menu. “Parallel Control” must be set to “On” in the menu. • Parallel Group 2– Activates paralleling group 2 according to “Parallel Control” settings. This input takes priority over the Parallel Group setting in menu. “Parallel Control” must be set to “On” in the menu. NOTE: Enabling both Parallel Group 1 and Parallel Group 2 inputs simultaneously will result in a paralleling error. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 89 7 Parameterization • Auto Inhibit – As long as this contact is closed, the tap-changer will not time out, thereby prohibiting raise and lower commands. After opening this contact all timers are reset and the controller starts with normal operation again except in case of a voltage level change (see section 4.2.1.3). • Master/Follower – If set for this function and energized, the controller will parallel transformers as a master device. If set for this function but not energized, the device will behave as a follower device. This input will take priority over the “Parallel Control Method” selection in the “Parallel Control” submenu. “Parallel Control” must be set to “On” in the menu. • Remote voltage level active – If set and energized, a 4-20 mA analog signal input at P2.35 and P2.36 can be used to set the voltage level bandcenter. Once de-energized, the originally programmed bandcenter will be active. This input uses the input normally reserved for tap position knowledge. Therefore, tap position knowledge is not possible if this input is used for this purpose. If remote voltage level is used, this input is always used. • Quicktap – If set and energized, the time delays T1 and T2 are completely bypassed. Therefore, any time measured voltage exceeds the bandwidth setting, the controller will give an immediate raise or lower response. This feature should be carefully implemented and not used in Master/Follower paralleling applications. Setting the user-programmable input 1 (GPI 1): Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => GPI 1 Choose behavior of input by selecting from list of options previously described. It is activated by applying 12VDC typically from P2.10 to P2.9. Setting the user-programmable input 2 (GPI 2): Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => GPI 2 Choose behavior of input by selecting from list of options previously described. It is activated by applying 12VDC typically from P2.10 to P2.13. 90 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the user-programmable input 3 (GPI 3): Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => GPI 3 Choose behavior of input by selecting from list of options previously described. It is activated by applying 12VDC typically from P2.10 to P2.17. Setting the user-programmable input 4 (GPI 4): Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => GPI 4 Choose behavior of input by selecting from list of options previously described. It is activated by applying 12VDC typically from P2.10 to P2.18. 7.3.3.2 User Programmable General Purpose Alarm Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => User programmable Alarm The signalling relay is energized as long as one or more of the programmed alarms are present. This menu represents a bitwise OR relation, i.e. when one of set Alarms is active the user progr. alarm relay will close Any of four GPIs (GPI 1, 2, 3, and 4) can be programmed according to see Table 11 © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 91 7 Parameterization Bit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Alarm Undervoltage Overvoltage Tap block lower Tap block raise Overcurrent Reverse power flow Alternate voltage level active Sensor break AI-module Parallel failure Analog input failure (tap position or remote voltage level) Hunting value exceeded Table 11 7.3.4 Setting options for the programmable alarm Parallel operation settings (option) Parallel operation without system topology (optionally with system topology) Parallel operation of 16 transformers max. without system topology recognition. In this context, parallel operation of all 16 transformers is possible either in a busbar arrangement or in two groups. Activation of parallel operation is optionally achieved via a user-programmable input (GPI) or only via a setting in the menu. Parallel control is possible in different ways: • Parallel operation according to the principle of "minimum circulating reactive current" • Parallel operation according to the principle of tap-change synchronism (Master-Follower) • Parallel operation according to the principle of tap-change autosynchronism (Master-Follower selected automatically via addressing priority) Selection of the desired parallel operation principle is effected via a menu window. 92 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Disabling Use of Parallel Operation Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control=> Parallel control enable Completely deactivate paralleling functionality if not used by pressing F1 and F5 function keys. Setting options: •Off = no parallel operation possible •On = parallel operation is possible through selection of appropriate method (next section) and GPI activation if applicable. Setting of parallel operation method Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control => Parallel operation method Set the desired parallel operation principle by pressing the F1 and F5 function keys. Setting options: •Circulating reactive = parallel operation following the current principle of minimum circulating reactive current with CAN bus connected directly between controllers • Master = Master/Follower principle: the controller assumes Master function • Follower = Master/Follower principle: the controller assumes Follower function • Synchr.Auto = Master/Follower principle: with this setting, the controller with lowest CAN address of all other controllers is automatically selected as Master. In each case, the voltage controllers engaged in parallel operation have to be connected either via the CAN bus interface. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 93 7 Parameterization The deactivation of paralleling is only necessary when the corresponding bus tie breakers are opened. Therefore, main breaker status does not need to be considered when toggling between parallel and independent states. In all TAPCON® 250 methods LDC settings are not affected by transformer load breaker states. Please keep in mind that the CAN bus must be connected with a resistor of 120 Ohms at both ends (at the first and last controller). The resistor is included in the scope of delivery. Minimum a shielded AWG 20 cable is recommended with maximum 50 Ohms/km or 80 Ohms/mile.In this configuration the CANbus can be operated over a distance of 2 km or 1.2 miles. A Belden 8770 cable or equivalent AWG 18 cable is typically recommended. If substation ground potential is a concern or if it is desired to transmit data between TAPCON® 250s over a greater distance, a CANbus to fiber optic converter is available. Please contact Reinhausen Manufacturing for more details. Choice of paralleling group Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control => Paralleling group By setting this parameter, the voltage controller can determine in which group the associated transformer engaged in parallel operation is contained. NOTE: If any GPI is programmed for either group 1 or group 2, this screen will default to the indication of the GPI input. Setting ranges: None, Group 1, Group 2 94 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization CAN Address To permit controller communication via CAN bus, each individual controller needs a separate identifier. Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control => CAN Address Assign a number as address to each controller by pressing the F1 or F5 function keys. The values assigned as CAN address may range between 1 and 127. 0 = no communication Parallel operation according to the principle of "Master/Follower" (synchronism control) The type of parallel operation can be set via the parameter "parallel operation" (see above). According to the settings made, one of the controllers is then elected as Master. This controller assumes the measuring tasks and adjusts the tap-changer for voltage compensation in the presence of deviations. Following a tap-change operation, the Master proceeds to compare the Followers' tap-changer positions with its own via CAN bus and, if a discrepancy is noted, likewise initiates readjustment of the Followers to an identical tap-changer position. If a difference of two or more tap-changer positions is noted, the message "Parallel operation failure" will be emitted and automatic regulation will be blocked unless this action is changed by the user in the “Absent CAN bus behavior” option. This method is suitable for transformers featuring identical electrical characteristics with available tap position information to the controller. Parallel operation according to the principle of "minimum circulating reactive current" The circulating reactive current is computed from the transformer currents and their respective phase angles. For correction of the measuring circuit voltage, a voltage proportional to the circulating reactive current is applied to self-sufficiently operating controllers. This correction voltage can be either decreased or increased through adjustment of the "stability" setting. If an inadmissibly high circulating reactive current is detected, all tap-changers involved will be reset after only 10 s, regardless of the delay time preset at the controller. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 95 7 Parameterization Setting the interference variable (Stability) Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control => Stability group 1 To set a stability value between 0 and 100, press the function keys F1, F4 and F5. The stability value is a variable used for determining the efficiency of the circulating reactive current on the voltage controller. If it is set to "0 %", no efficiency will be present. For a circulating reactive current equal to the rated current of the current transformer, a setting value of 10 % would effect a voltage correction of 10 % for the voltage controllers. Changing the stability value automatically changes the efficiency value in the help text. See section 6.6.1 for more details. There are two Stability settings, group 1 and group 2. This allows the flexibility of having individual paralleling settings for each group in the minimum circulating reactive current scheme. Setting the admissible circulating reactive current (blocking threshold) Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control => Blocking group 1 Set the blocking from 0.5 to 40 % (in relation to the rated current of the current transformer) by pressing the function keys F1 and F5. If the circulating reactive current exceeds the preset threshold value during parallel operation, the error message "Parallel operation failure" will come on and all voltage controllers engaged in parallel operation will be blocked. Optionally, the user can program the user-programmable contact between P2-20 and P2-22 to close upon sensing of this event. The user assumes all risk if large circulating currents are allowed. There are two settings for Blocking, group 1 and group 2. This allows the flexibility of having individual paralleling settings for each group in the minimum circulating reactive current scheme. 96 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Delay of error message Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control => Alarm Setting range: 1 ... 30 s A delay (1-30 s) can be set for emission of the message "Parallel operation failure" to avoid the generation of short-term error messages in the event of run-time differences between the motor-drive mechanisms engaged in parallel operation. Appearance of this error message will cause blocking of the automatic regulation, i.e. at this point tap-changer adjustment is no longer possible except in manual mode. Setting the tap direction During parallel operation in accordance with the Master/Follower principle, the tap direction has to be turned if an adjustment of the transformer towards a higher voltage causes a change in tap position towards the lower tap positions. In the standard setting, a switch operation in the direction of a higher voltage will automatically cause a tap increase. Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control => Tapping direction, turned Absent CanBus Behavior If a CAN bus failure occurs while the controller is in Paralleling mode, it can either continue regulating in an independent mode or switch into a blocking mode. Menu => Configuration => Continue => Parallel control => Absent CanBus Behavior © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 97 7 Parameterization 7.3.5 LED selection Use the settings of this sub-group to assign inputs or functions to the five unoccupied LEDs. Setting options: Off, User Programmable Alarm, Neutral Position, Operation Counter, GPI3, GPI2, GPI1, GPI4, Auto, Remote, Lower, Raise, Undervoltage, Overvoltage, Overcurrent, Failure Parallel Control, NoPos., Tap block raise, Tap block lower, Circulating current, Master, Follower, Bandwidth>, Bandwidth<, AI Sensor Break, Reverse Power Flow, AI Input Failure Menu => Configuration => Continue => LED selection => LED1.. LED3 Upon activation, LEDs 1 through 3 will light up in "yellow". Labels can be easily applied to the white strip below the LEDs by pulling the tab on the right side of the controller. Menu => Configuration => Continue => LED selection => LED4 red / green LED4 may light up either in "red" or in "green", depending on the type of activation. If both inputs are activated simultaneously, the mixed shade "yellow" will be created. Menu => Configuration => Continue => LED selection => LED4 red / green 98 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization 7.4 Memory (Configuration of measured value storage function) Use this sub-group for setting the measuring value memory (event memory, write function). Input of undervoltage threshold in absolute values Input in V relates to secondary CT/VT voltage whereas input in kV relates to primary voltage. If a shortfall of the preset threshold has occurred, measuring values with high resolution will be stored for the duration of the shortfall. Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Memory => U< memory Input of overvoltage threshold in absolute values Input in V relates to secondary CT/VT voltage whereas input in kV relates to primary voltage. If a shortfall of the preset threshold has occurred, measuring values with high resolution will be stored for the duration of the shortfall. Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Memory => U> memory © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 99 7 Parameterization Setting the mean value memory intervals Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Memory => Mean value interval CAUTION Setting the mean value memory interval involves erasure of the complete memory upon acknowledgement of a change. The long-term memory of the TAPCON® 250 has a memory capacity of 8MB. It is divided into the mean value memory and the event memory. The mean value memory is used for storing intervals of 1 sec, 2 sec, 4 sec, 10 sec, 20 sec or 40 sec duration, depending on the setting. The operator can change this setting individually. In the Memory submenu, press the "arrow right” key four times, until screen 04 is displayed. At that point, the desired setting can be selected by pressing the "F1” or "F5” keys. An outline of the maximum recording times, using various different recording intervals, is shown in the subsequent example no. 2. Event memory Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Memory => Event memory The event memory can be set for a range between 256kB and 2,048kB. In the Memory submenu, press the "arrow right” key five times until screen 05 is displayed. At that point, the desired setting can be selected by pressing the "F1” or "F5” keys. All events involving an overshoot above or below the preset threshold values are stored in the event memory at a higher resolution. The maximum number of events, in relation to the event memory capacity, is shown in the following table. 100 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Event memory capacity 256 kB 512 kB 1,024 kB 2,048 kB Maximum no. of events 20 40 80 160 Table 12 Event memory capacity related to max. number of events The following two examples show how the event memory works: Figure 12 Example 1: The duration of an event is shorter than 5 minutes. Memorization of the event starts 10 seconds before the actual event and ends 10 seconds thereafter. Figure 13 Example 2: The duration of an event is longer than 5 minutes. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 101 7 Parameterization Memorization of the high-resolution data starts 10 seconds before an event. If the duration of an event is longer than 5 minutes, storage will continue at low resolution. If the voltage enters back into the "normal range”, this occurrence is considered a new event. The new event has a lead time of 10 seconds and an overshoot time of 10 seconds. The measurement recorder capacity, which is indicated in days, is shown in the table below. Depending on mean value interval and event memory capacity, it can last for a duration of up to 401 days. Event memory capacity (kByte) Mean value interval(s) 256 kB 512 kB 1,024 kB 2,048 kB 1 10 9 8 7 2 20 19 17 14 4 40 38 35 29 10 100 96 89 73 20 201 193 178 147 40 401 386 356 295 Table 13 Storage times in days according to event memory capacity and mean value interval(s) Setting the system time Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Memory => Time Press the "Right Arrow" key (screen 06) six times to view the input field for the system time. Press the "F4" function key to select the digit(s) you want to edit and then press the "F1" and "F5" keys to set the display forward or backward in one-step increments. The time format in "HH:MM:SS" is available in a 24-hour format. 102 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the system date Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Memory => Date Press the "Right Arrow" key (screen 05) five times to view the input field for the system date. Press the "F4" function key to select the digit(s) you want to edit and then press the "F1" and "F5" keys to set the display forward or backward in one-step increments. The date format is "MM/DD/YY" can be set to any date between 01/01/2001 and 12/29/2099. 7.5 Communication Interface (Optional Supervisory Control Card) Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface The communication interface module (CI-module) serves for communication via different SCADA protocols. It can also be set to "TAPCON-trol" so that the controller settings can be managed via the TAPCON-trol Visualization software and the four interfaces. For available protocols and special documentation on these protocols please contact Reinhausen Manufacturing or www.tapcon250.com. Setting the protocol of the communications interface Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => CI Protocol Setting options: TAPCON-trol, DNP3.0, MODBUS RTU, MODBUS ASCII When changing the type of protocol during operation it might take several minutes for the device to apply this setting. During this time there will not be a visual response from the device. However, it will remain in operation. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 103 7 Parameterization Especially for MODBUS communication over Ethernet connection only MODBUS RTU is available. In conjunction with this, if the 'interface of the CI-module' is set to Ethernet, the 'protocol of the CI-module' cannot be set to MODBUS ASCII. Setting the interface of the CI Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => CI Port Options •RS232 •RS485 •Ethernet •Modem •Optical fiber Setting the baud rate of the CI Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => CI baud rate Options •9.6 kBaud •19.2 kBaud •38.4 kBaud •57.6 kBaud Note: If using TCP, baud rate is fixed at 19.2 kBaud. Setting the IP Address (for TCP) Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => IP Address Settings: User Specific 104 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the TCP Port Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => TCP Port Settings: Default is “1234”, but can be user specific Invert light wave of CI (Fiber Optic Application): Menu =>Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => Light wave inverting Off: logic low state equals light emission On: logic low state equals no light emission Setting the TAPCON®250 SCADA protocol address Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => CI Address For communication via SCADA protocols the controller has to be assigned a unique address. Setting range: 1 ... 9999 © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 105 7 Parameterization Setting the Master SCADA protocol address Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => Master Address For communication via SCADA protocols the controller can be programmed for use with a specific master address. Setting range: 0 ... 9999 (default is 0) Note: Only necessary for unsolicited messages in DNP3 protocol SCADA protocol unsolicited messages (DNP3): Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => Unsolicited messages The transmission of unsolicited messages for DNP3 protocol can be deactivated with this parameter. Setting the maximum number of unsolicited retries (DNP3): Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => Unsolicited Retries Set the max number of unsolicited retries for DNP3 use only. Setting the application confirmation and unsolicited confirmation timeout (DNP3): Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => Application Conf. Timeout Set the application confirm and the unsolicited confirmation timeout (only DNP3) 106 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the RS485 delay time (if applicable): Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue => Comm. Interface => Send delay Note: This setting is necessary for most RS485 converters. 7.6 Analog Input (for Tap position and Remote Voltage Level) options (optional feature) If the controller is equipped with an analog input card, the controller is capable of using analog input information at P2.35 through P2.37 for tap position input/output or remote voltage level control. If remote voltage level control is active, then tap position knowledge is not possible. NOTE: For analog position information (potentiometer, current loop) all interconnections from and to the TAPCON® AI-module must be shielded. 7.6.1 Remote Voltage Level Options Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Remote volt level In this submenu, the operator can activate the remote voltage level capability and define the correlation of analog input to voltage bandcenter. By default, the controller is set for a 0-20 mA tap position signal directly related to a 100 to 135 VAC bandcenter. As the analog input varies from its minimum to maximum value, the bandcenter incrementally changes as well. When deactivated, the controller regulates according to programmed parameters in the “Regulation Parameters” menu. NOTE: The user should take notice of the “Limit Values” settings when changing voltage level (bandcenter). © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 107 7 Parameterization Activating the remote voltage level capability Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Remote volt level => Remote voltage level If this is turned on, the tap position options will automatically be set to “Off”. Options •Off •On Setting the minimum limit for remote voltage level analog input Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Remote volt level => AI Lower Limit Setting range: 0 to 100% The setting is based on a 20 mA scale. Therefore, a minimum signal of 4mA would mean this setting should be set for 20% because 4 mA is 20% of 20 mA. Setting the maximum limit for remote voltage level analog input Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Remote volt level => AI Upper Limit Setting range: 0 to 100% The setting is based on a 20 mA scale. Therefore, a maximum signal of 20 mA would mean this setting should be set for 100% because 20 mA is 100% of 20 mA. 108 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Setting the remote voltage level minimum limit Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Remote volt level => Remote volt. level min Setting range: 100 to 135VAC The setting is based on the analog input minimum. Therefore, the lowest analog input would represent this voltage and cause the bandcenter to shift to this value. The controller then would regulate towards this value. Setting the remote voltage level maximum limit Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Remote volt level => Remote volt. level max Setting range: 100 to 135VAC The setting is based on the analog input maximum. Therefore, the maximum analog input would represent this voltage and cause the bandcenter to shift to this value. The controller then would regulate towards this value. 7.6.2 Tap Position Options Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options In this submenu, the operator can set the settings for both tap position input and tap position output via the optional analog interface module (AI-module). Without an AI-module, only tap position information by "Keep Track" is available. NOTE: After the installation, the complete tap position range should be passed through in order to check the correct display on the controller. Setting the tap position indication Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Tap pos. indication Options •OFF •Keep Track •AI (optional) © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 109 7 Parameterization Setting the tap position minimum Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Tap pos. min Setting range: 50L...1R or -50…..+1 Setting the tap position maximum Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Tap pos. max Setting range: 1L...140 R or 1…140 Setting the present tap position (for Keep Track Applications) Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Present Tap Pos. Only applicable for tap position information via "Keep Track". AI lower limit Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => AI Lower limit Setting range: Setting for 0...1 mA and 0...20 mA = 0.0 % Setting for 4...20 mA and Potentiometer = 20.0 % Hint: This may be adjusted for special applications where position transducers’ minimum limit is not 0 or 4mA. 110 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization AI upper limit Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => AI Upper limit Setting for 0...1 mA, 0...20 mA, 4...20 mA and Potentiometer = 100.0 % Hint: This may be adjusted for special applications where position transducers‘ maximum limit is not perfectly 1mA, 20mA or whatever maximum analog signal is expected. Tap position output range Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Tap pos. output range The position information can be directly forwarded to an external indicator by a constant current source. The max. burden for 0...1 mA are 10 kOhms, the max. burden for 4...20 mA are 500 Ohms. Options •Off •0...1 mA •4...20 mA Tap limit block mode Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Tap limit block mode Options •Off •Direct. dep. = dependent on direction (Only tap change operations exceeding the actual tap block limit are prohibited. When the actual position is 16L and the tap block limit is set to 16L, for example, the controller will block operation towards 17L. Operation towards 15L is not blocked.) •Direct. indep. = independent on direction (When the tap block limit is reached, all further operations will be blocked independent of direction.) © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 111 7 Parameterization Setting the tap block limit lower Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Tap block lower Setting range: 50L...1R or -50…+1 Setting the tap block limit raise Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Tap block raise Setting range: 1 L...140 R or 1…140 Setting the tap position display format Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options => Tap position display L/R If set to “On”, the tap position will be displayed in U.S. format with “L” or “R” for lower or raise. If set to “Off”, the tap position will be displayed with standard “-“ or “+” formatting. Options •Off •On 112 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization 7.7 Information Consult this menu point to find information on the voltage controller and the measuring values. Sub-groups with related information were assembled to facilitate the search. Consult this sub-group to retrieve information on the voltage controller. Info Menu => Info Line 1 : Type designation Line 2 and 3: Software version and its date of issue Line 4 to the left: EEPROM size Line 4 to the right: Internal controller ID number Line 5 and 6: Size of the built-in RAM and flash memory Measuring values Menu => Info => 1x Arrow right The actual unadjusted values that the controller is reading can be found here. It can be very useful when troubleshooting. Note: The third line displays r.m.s. current as a % of the input. Example: 50% input = 50% of the CT, so a 2000:0.2 A CT input would mean the load current is 1000 A. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 113 7 Parameterization LED-test Menu => Info => 2x Arrow right An LED function test can be performed in accordance with the instructions indicated. Press the “Enter” key to test all LEDs at once. This test involves only the LED itself, not the function behind it! Input-/output-status Menu => Info => 3x Arrow right Status display of the inputs at the I/O module. 0= no presence of signal at input 1= presence of signal at input AI-module status Menu => Info => 4x Arrow right The raw value in percent and the calculated, absolute value (in parentheses) for the AI module are displayed in the first and second line. If the analogue input value is outside of the allowed setting range, a question mark "?" will be displayed instead of the calculated, absolute value. Note: The second line will either display remote voltage level setting or tap position depending on which features are active. The fourth line of the display shows the percent of tap position output if used. 114 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization CI-module status Menu => Info => 5x Arrow right The screen shows which version of which software is running, which data format is used and the Ethernet module can be reset if there occur any problems. To reset the Ethernet module (if available), simultaneously press F3 and F4. Parameter Menu => Info => 6x Arrow right Display indicating whether the parameter sets were properly stored following a controller restart and/or whether all parameters were properly stored following the recording of a parameter set. If a parameter was not properly stored, it will be indicated as incorrectly stored and can be reset to a standard factory setting by pressing the F1 key. To reset all parameters to standard settings, press the F3 and F4 keys simultaneously. RTC = Real Time Clock Menu => Info => 7x Arrow right When the voltage controller is started up for the first time a counter is set in motion which continues to run even while the controller is inactive. For the visual display of measuring values, all of the counter's times will be over-written by the PC's times. Parallel operation Menu => Info => 8x Arrow right Display of the controller number for parallel operation (= CAN address) and of the number of the voltage controllers currently engaged in parallel operation. This can be used to confirm if controller CAN buses are communicated, regardless of whether controllers are in a parallel state. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 115 7 Parameterization Data on CAN Bus Menu => Info => 9x Arrow right Line configuration: No. AAA: BBB CCC DDD EEE meaning: AAA: CAN Address of the controller BBB: Voltage in V CCC: Active current in % DDD: Reactive current in % EEE: Tap position Press F1 key to call up other information. Menu => Info => 10x Arrow right F:Group input 1 G:Group input 2 H:Circulating reactive current parallel operation selected I:Tap synchronization Master selected J:Tap synchronization Follower selected K:Tap synchronization Auto selected L:controller intends to block the group due to a disturbance in parallel operation. Menu => Info => 11x Arrow right NOTE: This information is very helpful for troubleshooting paralleling. Please see the paralleling commissioning instructions for more details. 116 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Storage of measured values Menu => Info => 12x Arrow right The voltage controller has a built-in long-term storage module. The relevant storage information will be displayed in this menu window. See the “Memory” settings for more info. Storage of peak values Menu => Info => 13x Arrow right Display of the minimum and maximum voltages and tap positions occurred since the last reset (drag hand function for voltage and tap position). To reset the stored values to zero, press the F3 and F4 keys simultaneously. Peak memory Menu => Info => 14x Arrow right Display of the minimum and maximum apparent current and power occurred since the last reset. Peak memory Menu => Info => 15x Arrow right Display of the minimum and maximum real power (P) and reactive power (Q) occurred since the last reset. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 117 7 Parameterization Operation counter Menu => Info => 16x Arrow right Line 1 displays the Hunting counter. Press F1 and F2 keys simultaneously to reset. Line 2 displays the Operations counter. Press F3 and F4 simultaneously to reset. Line 3 displays the TOTAL Operations counter. This counter cannot be reset. Upcoming messages Menu => Info => 17/18x Arrow right Display of pending messages, e.g. undervoltage, overvoltage or parallel control failure. Present demand Peak memory Menu => Info => 19x Arrow right Display of the minimum and maximum current and power occurred since the last reset . The demand metering functionality implemented in the controller simulates the action of an analog peak-recording thermal demand meter. For the time settings see Configuration => General menu. Maximum demand Peak memory Menu => Info => 19x Arrow right Display of the minimum and maximum current and power occurred since the last reset . Display of the maximum demand occurred since the last reset. To reset the the stored values to zero, press the F3 and F4 keys simultaneously. 118 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 7 Parameterization Timetracer Setting the write mode Menu => Info => Arrow left After execution of this key sequence the instrument is now in the write mode (see illustration). After switchover to the write mode, the operator-set reference voltage level will automatically show up roughly in the center of the screen. The units of the voltages per unit are software-determined and can be altered by the operator. If the write function is called up again, however, the parameterization-determined set values will again override any other settings. While in the write mode, the settings for time axis, voltage range, return time and return date can be determined as well. Symbol explanation 1 = Reference voltage level, displayed in the bottom left-hand screen corner. 2 = Actual voltage level, displayed in the bottom left-hand screen corner. The arrow will point up or down whenever the top/bottom values of the reference voltage level exceed the screen limits. 3 = Overvoltage/undervoltage bar, configurable. 4 = For the overvoltage values, the inscription in the display field always corresponds to the uppermost line. 5 = For the undervoltage values, the inscription in the display field always corresponds to the bottom-most line. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 119 6 = Shifting the time axis backward. 7 = Shifting the time axis forward. 8 = Increasing the set values in one-increment steps. 9 = Selection of the values to be set. 10 = Decreasing the set values in one-increment steps. Setting the time axis Menu => Info => Arrow left => 1x F4 e.g. 15 s Press the "F4" function key once to view the input field for the message times (see arrow). Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to set the display forward or backward in one-step increments (see Table 14). It is recommended to use the highest-possible resolution for the range displayed. The subdivision of the time axis and the ensuing duration of the range displayed are shown in Table 14. Adjustable steps 15 s 20 s 1 min 2.5 min 5 min 10 min Display 3.5 min 7 min 14 min 35 min 70 min 140 min Time steps and ensuing duration of the range displayed Setting the voltage range e.g. 0.5 V Table 14 Menu => Info => Arrow left => 2x F4 Display in V: Press the "F4" function key twice to view the input field for the voltage range (see arrow). Here, the display is limited to the maximum and minimum voltage. Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to set the display forward or backward in one-step increments. The voltage range is subdivided in the following steps: 0.5 V, 1 V, 2 V, 5 V, 10 V and 15 V per horizontal grid line. e.g. 0.5 kV 7 Parameterization Display in kV: Press the "F4" function key twice to view the input field for the voltage range (see arrow). Here, the display is limited to the maximum and minimum voltage. Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to set the display forward or backward in one-step increments. The voltage range is subdivided in the following steps: 0.1 kV, 0.2 kV, 0.5 kV, 1 kV, 2 kV, 5 kV, 10 kV and 20 kV per horizontal grid line. Setting the return time Menu => Info => Arrow left => 3x F4 Press the "F4" function key three times to view the input field for the return time (see arrow). This function is used to set the display back to a precise specific instant. Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to set the display forward or backward in one-step increments, and the "arrow left" and "arrow right" keys to move the selection into the adjacent field. The time input format is in HH:MM:SS and can be set from the present time all the way back to the oldest time on file in the memory. Setting the return date Menu => Info => Arrow left => 4x F4 Press the "F4" function key four times to view the input field for the return date (see arrow). This function is used to set the display back to a precise specific instant. Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to set the display forward or backward in one-step increments, and the "arrow left" and "arrow right" keys to move the selection into the adjacent field. The date input format is in DD:MM:YY and can be set from the present day all the way back to the oldest time file in the memory. In case one of the past displays is no longer available in the long-term memory (the read-only storage is deleted in blocks whenever the memory capacity is exceeded), no curve will appear on the screen. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 121 7 Parameterization 122 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 8 Appendix 8 Appendix 8.1 Menu Screenshot Overview See section 3.7 for specific details regarding the functionality of the buttons. “F1” increases values where applicable.. “F3” inserts decimal points when applicable. “F4” scrolls cursor position left when applicable “F5” decreases values where applicable. “MENU” will access the menu settings. Figure 14 Function description of the buttons © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 123 8 Appendix Main group: MENU key Sub group: F2-F5 key Parameter in direction 1: key Parameter in direction n: key NORMSET Parameter Regulation param. 124 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 8 Appendix Main group: MENU key Sub group: F2-F5 key Parameter in direction 1: key Parameter in direction n: key Parameter Limit values Parameter Compensation Configuration Data of meas. Trf. © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 125 8 Appendix Main group: MENU key Sub group: F2-F5 key Parameter in direction 1: key Parameter in direction n: key Configuration General Configuration User I/Os 126 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 8 Appendix Main group: MENU key Sub group: F2-F5 key Parameter in direction 1: key Parameter in direction n: key Configuration Continue Parallel control Configuration Continue LED selection Configuration Continue Continue Memory © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 127 8 Appendix Main group: MENU key Sub group: F2-F5 key Parameter in direction 1: key Parameter in direction n: key Configuration Continue Continue Comm. Interface Configuration Continue Continue Continue Remote volt level 128 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 8 Appendix Main group: MENU key Sub group: F2-F5 key Parameter in direction 1: key Parameter in direction n: key Configuration Continue Continue Continue Tap pos. options © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 129 8 Appendix Main group: MENU key Sub group: F2-F5 key Parameter in direction 1: key Parameter in direction n: key Info 130 TAPCON® 250 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 8 Appendix Connection Diagram 120 CAN-H CAN-GND CAN-L CAN-SHLD 120 CAN-P1: 4 CAN-P1: 1 CAN-P1: 3 ! CAN-P1: 2 CAN-GND CAN-H CAN-P1: 4 CAN-P1: 1 CAN-P1: 3 CAN-BUS OHMS ! Figure 15 TC 250 II CAN-BUS CAN-P1: 4 CAN-P1: 1 CAN-P1: 2 CAN-P1: 3 CAN-BUS CAN-L CAN-SHLD TC 250 I CAN-H CAN-GND CAN-L CAN-SHLD TC 250 I CAN-P1: 2 8.2 OHMS ATTENTION ! THE CAN BUS MUST BE CONNECTED WITH A TERMINATING RESISTOR OF 120 OHM AT BOTH ENDS (AT THE FIRST AND LAST CONTROLLER). Connection diagram for direct TAPCON® 250 parallel operation via CAN bus © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 131 8 Appendix 8.3 Drawings Figure 16 132 TAPCON® 250 TAPCON® 250 with CI-module - Top view 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 14 30 78.2 8 Appendix 8 131.6 8 147.6 Figure 17 TAPCON® 250 - Bottom view without and with equivalent plug © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 133 216 8 Appendix COM 2 147.6 Figure 18 134 TAPCON® 250 TAPCON® 250 - Front view 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 8 Appendix Transformer_________ AVR Settings Sheet Menu Overview Normset Normset activation Reference voltage level 1 Primary voltage Secondary voltage Parameter Regulation param Reference voltage level 1 Alternate voltage level 2 Alternate voltage level 3 Alternate voltage level 4 Absolute Bandwidth Bandwidth (%) Bandwidth (V) Voltage Offset T1 delay time T1 Control mode T2 activation T2 delay time Parameter Limit values U< Undervoltage (V) U> Overvoltage (V) I> Overcurrent Funct. Monitoring U< delay time U< Blocking U< under 30V Hunting alarm limit Parameter Compensation Default Settings Off 120.0V 0kV 120.0V 120.0V 120.0V 120.0V 120.0V Off 1.00% 1.2V 0.0V 40s T1 linear T2 off 10.0s 110.0V 130.0V 110% Off 10.0s On Off 50 Ur-Line Drop Compensation 0.0V Ux-Line Drop Compensation 0.0V Z-Compensation 0.0% Z-Comp Limit Configuration Data of meas. Trf 0.0% © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 Actual Settings 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 135 8 Appendix Primary voltage Secondary voltage Primary current Instr. Transformer circuit Configuration General Language Controller identification Setting the baudrate Display kV / V Display % / A Pulse time Demand Interval Motor runtime Reverse power flow mode Local/Remote Input Manual/Auto Input Configuration User I/Os GPI 1 GPI 2 GPI 3 GPI 4 User Programmable Alarm Configuration Continue Parallel Control Parallel control enable Parallel operation method Paralleling group CAN Address Stability group 1 Blocking group 1 Stability group 2 Blocking group 2 Alarm Tapping direction, turned Absent CAN bus behavior Configuration Continue LED selection 136 TAPCON® 250 0kV 120.0V 0A 0 1PH English 0 9.6 kBaud V Off 1.5s 15 min 0.0s Ignore non-pulsed non-pulsed AVL3 Off Auto Inhibit AVL2 0000000000 Off Circ Current None 1 0.0% 20.0% 0.0% 20.0% 10s Standard Blocking 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 8 Appendix LED1 LED2 LED3 LED4 red LED4 green Configuration Continue(1 or 2 times) Memory U< memory U> memory Mean value interval Event memory Time (24 hour) Date (MM/DD/YY) Configuration Continue Continue Comm. Interface CI Protocol CI Port CI baud rate IP Address TCP Port Light wave inverting (fiber optics) CI Address Master address Unsolicited Messages (DNP) Unsolicited Retries (DNP) Application Conf. Timeout (DNP) Send delay (RS485) Configuration Continue Continue (2 or 3 times) Remote volt level Remote volt level AI Lower limit AI Upper limit Remote volt. Level min Remote volt. Level max Configuration Continue © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 Off Off Off Off Off 110.0V 130.0V 1s 256k TAPCON-trol RS232 9.6 kBaud 0.0.0.0 1234 Off 1 0 On 3 5s 5ms Off 0.0% 100.0% 100.0V 135 297/06 EN TAPCON® 250 137 8 Appendix Continue (2 or 3 times) Tap pos options Tap pos. indication Tap pos. min Tap pos. max Present Tap Pos AI Lower limit AI Upper limit Tap pos. output range Tap limit block mode Tap block lower Tap block raise Tap position display (L/R) 138 TAPCON® 250 Off 16L 16R 0.0% 100.0% Off Direct. Dep. 16L 16R On 297/06 EN © Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014 www.tapcon250.com ©Reinhausen Manufacturing Inc. 2549 North 9th Avenue Humboldt, Tennessee 38343, USA 297/06 EN • 1114 • F0167906 Phone: Fax: E-Mail: (+1) 731/784-7681 (+1) 731/784-7682 [email protected]