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Voltage Regulator TAPCON® 250
Operating Instructions 297/06
© 2014 All rights reserved, Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen
Unauthorised copying and distribution of this document and the utilisation and communication of its contents are
strictly prohibited unless expressly authorised.
Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved in the event of the grant of a patent,
utility model or ornamental design registration.
The product may have been modified after this document went to press.
We expressly reserve the right to make changes to the technical data, the design or the scope of delivery.
In general, the information provided and the arrangements agreed during processing of the relevant offers and
orders are binding.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1
Introduction ................................................................................... 9
1.1
Manufacturer .............................................................................................9
1.2
Warranty and Liability................................................................................9
1.3
Subject to change without notice ............................................................10
1.4
Completeness .........................................................................................10
1.5
Safekeeping ............................................................................................10
1.6
Supporting documents ............................................................................10
1.7
Notation conventions...............................................................................10
1.7.1
1.7.2
1.7.3
1.7.4
1.7.5
Abbreviations used ............................................................................................. 11
Hazard communication system .......................................................................... 12
Information system ............................................................................................. 13
Instruction system .............................................................................................. 13
Typographic conventions.................................................................................... 14
2
Safety ........................................................................................... 15
2.1
General safety information ......................................................................15
2.2
Appropriate use.......................................................................................15
2.3
Inappropriate use ....................................................................................16
2.4
Personnel qualification ............................................................................16
2.5
Operator duty of care ..............................................................................16
3
Product Description.................................................................... 19
3.1
Description of functions...........................................................................19
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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Table of Contents
3.2
TAPCON®-trol System Communication Software .................................. 19
3.3
Specified Application............................................................................... 20
3.4
Accessories ............................................................................................ 20
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
Adapter Panel and Surface Mounting Kit ........................................................... 20
Optional Communication Ports (CI-module)...................................................... 21
Optional Analog Input/Output module (AI-module) ............................................ 22
3.5
Hardware description.............................................................................. 23
3.6
Technical Data ........................................................................................ 24
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.6.5
3.6.6
Setting Ranges................................................................................................... 24
Operation Elements, Display.............................................................................. 25
Electromagnetic Compatibility ............................................................................ 26
Temperature and Climate Resistance ................................................................ 26
Vibration, Shock and Seismic Resistance .......................................................... 26
Mold Resistance................................................................................................. 27
3.7
Description of the front panel.................................................................. 27
3.8
Main display screen ................................................................................ 29
3.9
Special operating reliability for TAPCON® 250 ....................................... 30
3.10
Controller Part Number Description........................................................ 31
4
Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250...........33
4.1
Parallel operation of tapped transformers............................................... 34
4.1.1
Formation of circulating currents ........................................................................ 35
4.1.2
Parallel operation with TAPCON® 250 ............................................................... 36
4.2
Description of the main variables and functions for voltage regulation... 39
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
Reference voltage level Uref .............................................................................. 39
Bandwidth "+/- B %" ........................................................................................... 40
Control delay: T1 and T2.................................................................................... 43
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Table of Contents
4.2.4
Line compensation: LDC and Z compensation .................................................. 45
5
Additional performance characteristics of TAPCON® 250 ...... 47
5.1
NORMset ................................................................................................47
5.2
Protection functions.................................................................................47
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.2.4
Undervoltage blocking ........................................................................................ 48
Overcurrent blocking .......................................................................................... 48
Overvoltage detection......................................................................................... 48
Detection of the off-status of the transformer ..................................................... 48
6
Commissioning ........................................................................... 49
6.1
Installation ...............................................................................................49
6.2
Connection ..............................................................................................49
6.3
External connections...............................................................................51
6.3.1
6.3.2
Terminal P3 External DC power supply input: .................................................... 57
Terminal P1 CAN bus ......................................................................................... 57
6.4
Easy setting of operating modes with NORMset.....................................57
6.5
Function checks, operational settings for independent
operation .................................................................................................58
6.6
Function checks, operational settings during parallel
operation .................................................................................................61
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.6.4
Parallel operation according to the principle of "circulating reactive current" ..... 61
Parallel operation in accordance with the principle of "Master/ Follower tap
synchronization or Autosynchronism" ................................................................ 64
Setting the time delay for the message "Parallel operation failure".................... 65
"Tap direction turned" setting.............................................................................. 65
7
Parameterization ......................................................................... 67
7.1
NORMset ................................................................................................67
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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Table of Contents
7.2
Setting the parameters ........................................................................... 68
7.2.1
7.2.2
7.2.3
Regulation parameters ....................................................................................... 69
Limit values ........................................................................................................ 73
Line compensation ............................................................................................. 77
7.3
Setting of configuration ........................................................................... 80
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.3.3
7.3.4
7.3.5
Data of Measuring Transformer (CT/VT data).................................................... 80
General............................................................................................................... 84
User I/Os – General Purpose User Programmable Inputs/Outputs ................... 89
Parallel operation settings (option)..................................................................... 92
LED selection ..................................................................................................... 98
7.4
Memory (Configuration of measured value storage function)................. 99
7.5
Communication Interface (Optional Supervisory Control Card)............ 103
7.6
Analog Input (for Tap position and Remote Voltage Level) options (optional
feature) ................................................................................................. 107
7.6.1
7.6.2
Remote Voltage Level Options......................................................................... 107
Tap Position Options ........................................................................................ 109
7.7
Information............................................................................................ 113
8
Appendix ....................................................................................123
8.1
Menu Screenshot Overview.................................................................. 123
8.2
Connection Diagram ............................................................................. 131
8.3
Drawings............................................................................................... 132
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List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 1
Communication Interface ports ................................................. 21
Figure 2
Front panel................................................................................ 27
Figure 3
LCD graphic display.................................................................. 29
Figure 4
System management level (left) and parameterization and
configuration section (right)........................................................... 30
Figure 5
Parallel operation of transformers equivalent circuit diagram ... 36
Figure 6
Measured voltage and bandwidth over time ............................. 41
Figure 7
DU/E-voltage change DU in % of the desired value in relation to
the set bandwith in % to the reference voltage level..................... 44
Figure 8
TAPCON® 250 interfaces (bottom view)................................... 50
Figure 9
Generic wiring scheme for definition of external connections... 51
Figure 11
Measurement circuits................................................................ 83
Figure 12
Example 1: The duration of an event is shorter than 5 minutes....
101
Figure 13
Example 2: The duration of an event is longer than 5 minutes.....
101
Figure 14
Function description of the buttons ......................................... 123
Figure 15
Connection diagram for direct TAPCON® 250 parallel operation
via CAN bus ................................................................................ 131
Figure 16
TAPCON® 250 with CI-module - Top view ............................. 132
Figure 17
TAPCON® 250 - Bottom view without and with equivalent plug ...
133
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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Figure 18
TAPCON® 250 - Front view ....................................................134
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 1
Abbreviations used ..................................................................... 11
Table 2
Signal words in safety instructions ............................................. 12
Table 3
Typographic conventions............................................................ 14
Table 4
Setting ranges ............................................................................ 24
Table 5
Operation elements, display ....................................................... 25
Table 6
Electromagnetic compatibility ..................................................... 26
Table 7
Temperature and climate resistance .......................................... 26
Table 8
Vibration, shock and seismic resistance..................................... 26
Table 9
Text legend................................................................................. 27
Table 10
AVL function table ...................................................................... 39
Table 11
Setting options for the programmable alarm .............................. 92
Table 12
Event memory capacity related to max. number of events....... 101
Table 13
Storage times in days according to event memory capacity and
mean value interval(s)................................................................. 102
Table 14
Time steps and ensuing duration of the range displayed ......... 120
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
297/06 EN
TAPCON® 250
7
1 Introduction
1
Introduction
These Operating Instructions contain detailed information for the safe mounting, transport, commissioning, maintenance, disassembly and simple fault elimination for the TAPCON® 250 voltage controller.
They also include safety instructions and general information about the device.
This documentation is intended solely for specially trained and authorized
personnel.
1.1
Manufacturer
The voltage controller TAPCON® 250 is manufactured by:
Reinhausen Manufacturing Inc.
2549 North 9th Avenue
Humboldt, Tennessee 38343, USA
Phone: (+1)731/784-7681
Fax: (+1)731/784-7682
Email: [email protected]
Further copies of these operating instructions are available from the above
address or at www.tapcon250.com, if required.
1.2
Warranty and Liability
Warranty and liability claims for personal injury or damage to property are
excluded, if they were caused by one or more of the following:
•
Inappropriate use of the TAPCON® 250.
•
Improper commissioning and operation of the TAPCON® 250.
•
Operation of the TAPCON® 250 with safety equipment that is faulty, or with
safety or protection equipment that is installed incorrectly or non-functioning.
•
Non-adherence to the notes in the operating instructions with regard to
installation, commissioning and operation of the TAPCON® 250.
•
Unauthorized modification of theTAPCON® 250.
The TAPCON® 250 is offered with a standard five-year warranty.
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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1 Introduction
An extended warranty is also available. Contact Reinhausen Manufacturing for
more details.
1.3
Subject to change without notice
The information contained in these Operating Instructions comprise the technical specifications released at the time of printing. Significant modifications will
be included in a new edition of the user manual. The document and version
numbers for these instructions are shown in the footer.
1.4
Completeness
These Operating Instructions are incomplete without the supporting
documentation.
1.5
Safekeeping
These Operating Instructions and all supporting documents should be kept
readily available at all times for future use.
1.6
Supporting documents
The installation and commissioning instructions along with the accompanying
connection diagrams also apply in addition to this Operating Instructions. All
documents are part of the scope of delivery.
In addition, generally applicable statutory and other binding regulations in European and national legislation and the regulations for accident prevention and
environmental protection in force in the country of use must be complied with.
1.7
Notation conventions
This section contains an overview of the abbreviations, symbols and textual
emphasis used.
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1 Introduction
1.7.1
Abbreviations used
Abbreviation
A
AC
B
C
CAN
CE
COM
CPU
DC
DIN
e.g.
EMC
ESC
GPI
GPO
Hz
I
i.e.
IEC
kg
kV
LDC
LED
MB
MHz
MIO
mm
ms
resp.
s
V
Table 1
Meaning
Ampere
Alternating Current
Bandwidth
Celsius
Controller-Area-Network
Conformité Européenne
Computer Object Model
Central Processing Unit
Direct Current
German Institute for Standardization
Exempli gratia
Electromagnetic compatibility
Escape
General Purpose Input
General Purpose Output
Hertz
Current
id est
International Electrotechnical Commission
Kilogram
Kilovolt
Line-Drop Compensation
Light Emitting Diode
Megabyte
Megahertz
Measurement Input/Output
Millimeter
Millisecond
respectively
Second
Voltage
Abbreviations used
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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1 Introduction
1.7.2
Hazard communication system
Safety instructions are structured as follows:
SIGNAL WORD
Danger
Consequences
 Action
 Action
The following signal words are used:
Signal
word
Hazard level
Consequence of failure to
comply
Danger
immediate threat of danger
Death or serious injury will occur
Warning
possible threat of danger
Death or serious injury could occur
Caution
possible dangerous situation
minor or moderate injury may occur
Note
possible dangerous situation
material damage
Table 2
Signal words in safety instructions
Safety symbols may be used with safety messages:
Symbol
Meaning
Danger
Risk of electric shock
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1 Introduction
Symbol
Meaning
Fire hazard
Danger of tipping
1.7.3
Information system
Information is designed to simplify and improve understanding of particular
operational procedures. In this document they are laid out as follows:
Important information.
1.7.4
Instruction system
The instructions in this document are structured as follows:
Aim of action
 Requirement (optional)
1. Step 1
 Result of step (optional)
 Step 2
...
Result of action (optional)
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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1 Introduction
1.7.5
Typographic conventions
The typographic conventions in this document are structured as follows:
Typographic
conventions
Meaning
Italics
Emphasis for units; e.g. "B" (= bandwidth)
...>...>...
Select subsequent software menu
UPPERCASE
Key labels e.g. "MENU key"
Table 3
14
TAPCON® 250
Typographic conventions
297/06 EN
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
2 Safety
2
Safety
2.1
General safety information
These Operating Instructions contain important information for the safe
and correct installation, operation, transport, storage and maintenance of the
TAPCON® 250 voltage controller.
2.2
•
Read these Operating Instructions through carefully to familiarize yourself
with the device.
•
Particular attention should be paid to the information given in this chapter.
Appropriate use
The product and associated equipment and special tools supplied with it comply
with the relevant legislation, regulations and standards, particularly health and
safety requirements, applicable at the time of delivery.
If used as intended in compliance with the specified requirements and conditions in this document as well as the warning notices in this document and
attached to the product, then the product does not present any hazards for persons, property or the environment. This applies during the entire lifespan, from
delivery through installation and operation to disassembly and disposal.
The operational quality assurance system ensures a consistently high quality
standard, particularly when it comes to observance of the health and safety
requirements.
Use is considered to be appropriate if
•
the product is operated according to the agreed delivery conditions and
technical data, and
•
associated equipment and special tools supplied with it are used solely for
the intended purpose and in accordance with the specifications of these
Operating Instructions.
•
the product is used only for the application specified in the order.
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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2 Safety
2.3
Inappropriate use
Use is considered to be inappropriate if the voltage transformer is used other
than described in section 2.2.
Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen does not accept liability for damage from unauthorized or inappropriate changes to the device. Unauthorized changes to the
device without consultation with Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen can lead to personal injury, material damage and operational faults.
2.4
Personnel qualification
The TAPCON® 250 is designed solely for application in electrical or energy systems and facilities operated by appropriately trained staff, i.e. staff who are
familiar with the installation, assembly, commissioning and operation of such
products.
2.5
Operator duty of care
To prevent accidents, faults and damage as well as unacceptable adverse
effects on the environment, those responsible for transport, installation, operation, maintenance and disposal of the product or parts of the product must
ensure that:
16
•
All warning and hazard notices are complied with.
•
Personnel are instructed regularly in all relevant aspects of operational safety,
the Operating Instructions and particularly the safety instructions contained
therein.
•
Regulations and operating instructions for safe working as well as the relevant instructions for staff procedures in the case of accidents and fires are
kept to hand at all times and displayed in the workplace where applicable.
•
The device is only used in a sound operational condition and safety equipment in particular is checked regularly for operational reliability.
•
Only replacement parts approved by the manufacturer are used.
•
The specified operating conditions and requirements of the installation location are complied with.
•
All necessary equipment and personal protective equipment for each activity
is available.
TAPCON® 250
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© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
2 Safety
•
The prescribed maintenance intervals and the relevant regulations are complied with.
•
Fitting, electrical connection and commissioning of the product is only carried out by qualified and trained personnel in accordance with these Operating Instructions.
•
The operator must ensure appropriate use of the product.
•
Always connect the TAPCON® 250 to an electrical ground!
To avoid shock hazard, the chassis must be connected to an electrical
ground. When servicing the TAPCON® 250 in a test area, the protective
earth terminal must be attached to a seperate ground securely by use of a
tool since it is not grounded by external connectors.
•
Do not operate the TAPCON® 250 in an explosive environment!
Do not operate this equipment in the presence of flammable or explosive
gases or fumes. To do so would risk a possible fire or explosion.
•
Keep away from live circuits!
Operating personnel must not remove the cover or expose the printed circuit
board while power is applied. Dangerous voltages may exist even when
power is disconnected. To avoid electrical shock, always disconnect power
and discharge circuits before working on the unit.
•
Do not modify the TAPCON® 250!
Do not perform any unauthorized changes on the TAPCON® 250. Contact
Reinhausen Manufacturing regarding any modification. If authorized modifications are to be attempted, be sure to follow replacement procedures carefully to assure that safety features are maintained.
•
Avoid static charge!
The TAPCON® 250 contains MOS circuitry which can be damaged by
improper test or rework procedures. Avoid static charge on work surfaces
and service personnel.
•
Use extreme caution during any diagnostic work!
Any attempt to perform any diagnostic work or connection between points
on the printed circuit board, unless services noted in the Operating Instructions is likely to cause damage or permanent failure to the TAPCON® 250.
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
17
3 Product Description
3
Product Description
3.1
Description of functions
The TAPCON® 250 voltage controller deals with a variety of control functions,
ranging from simple to complex control tasks. It’s compact and robust design
allows it to be implemented in virtually any new or old tap-changer control installation, while eliminating unneeded components and wiring. Its innovative design
offers improved paralleling of transformers previously thought to be incapable
of paralleling. It has the ability, through its NORMset feature, to learn and refine
its optimal bandwidth settings. It can both input and output tap position knowledge via means of SCADA or analog signal.
In addition, parameterization can be done manually or via a Windows-based PC
interface. A PC can be connected to the serial COM2 (RS232) interface or
through the COM1 or RJ45 ports if applied. In the event of misentries during
parameterization via PC, the parameter set specified at the factory can be reinstated with the Reset function.
Combining almost forty-years of LTC controls experience, the TAPCON® 250
voltage controller is part of a new device generation from MR Reinhausen. The
simple user interface enables the user to quickly master the individual functions.
Please read these instructions before commissioning the TAPCON® 250. The
instructions were written for the release of firmware version date 05.05.2011
and is applicable to any later version. Please see the proper instruction manual
for previous versions or visit the website to access the archives. Firmware version can be confirmed by pressing the “Menu” key, followed by the “F5” key to
access the “Info” screen. Updated firmware can be obtained from Reinhausen
Manufacturing if desired. The operator is responsible for ensuring that users of
the device have fully understood the relevant operating and safety instructions.
3.2
TAPCON®-trol System Communication Software
The TAPCON® 250 is delivered with the Windows®-based communication software TAPCON®-trol system and available for remote control, parameterization
and metering of the TAPCON® 250. For further information see Operating
Instructions BA 229 of TAPCON®-trol System.
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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3 Product Description
3.3
Specified Application
The TAPCON® 250 voltage controller is used for automatic control of transformers with motor-driven tap-changers. The motor-drive mechanism receives the
corresponding control signals from the voltage controller. With these signals,
the tap-changer moves to the next position and the transformer’s voltage value
is adapted to the preset reference voltage level.
To allow individual adaptation of the control system to the various field service
conditions encountered, influencing variables such as
•
Time delay
•
Bandwidth
•
line or load-dependent parameters for compensating voltage drops
•
voltage or current-dependent limits
can be programmed.
As a special feature, the voltage controller is also capable of controlling parallel
transformer operation.
The TAPCON® 250 accepts nominal 120 VAC (45 ... 65 Hz) to operate the control´s power supply and voltage sensing input.
TAPCON® 250 has an included feature of accepting an auxiliary external
12 VDC power supply for continuous operation during an AC power outage.
Substantial cost savings are available with the TAPCON® 250 regarding components, integration, assembly and field applications.
3.4
Accessories
3.4.1
Adapter Panel and Surface Mounting Kit
An adapter panel or a surface mounting kit is often used with the TAPCON® 250,
but is not required since all controller connections can be placed directly at the
controller. Each panel adapts the TAPCON® 250 as a transformer control
replacement and provides the external connections necessary for operation via
terminal blocks on the rear of the adapter panel. The TC250-67 or TC250-RM
panels are the most common panels offered for new installations and many others are available for new as well as retrofitting purposes.
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3 Product Description
Contact Reinhausen Manufacturing or www.tapcon250.com for a list of adapter
panels that are currently available. Refer to the application guides of the specific
adapter panel for the mounting details.
3.4.2
Optional Communication Ports (CI-module)
The optional Communication Interface of the TAPCON® 250 offers four additional communication ports:
1. RS-232
2. RS-485
3. Ethernet/ Modem
4. Optical fiber
Communication protocols to all renowned manufacturers of operation control
systems can be supported.
In case of a communications upgrade for an existing TAPCON® 250, the communications interface can be easily installed in the field.
1
Figure 1
2
3
4
Communication Interface ports
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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3 Product Description
CI-module port description
3.4.3
1
RS-232 (TX, RX, GND)
9 pin female sub-d connector
Pin 2: TxD
Pin 3: RxD
Pin 5: GND
Pin 7: CTS (not necessary)
Pin 8: RTS (not necessary)
2
RS-485 (A, B, GND)
Pin 1: A (non-inverting)
Pin 2: B (inverting)
Pin 3: GND
3
RJ45 (optional Ethernet or Modem interface)
Pin 1: Tx +
Pin 2: Tx Pin 3: Rx +
Pin 6: Rx –
4
Optical Fiber (850 nm FH-ST connector)
Optional Analog Input/Output module (AI-module)
The AI (analog interface) is an internal interface that can be added to the controller to indicate and output positive tap position knowledge.TAPCON® 250 AImodule will accept positive tap-changer position input via either a potentiometer, 0...1 mA, 0...20 mA or 4...20 mA input. No current loop interface is required
to receive milliampere positive tap position knowledge and digital calibration is
available for fine tuning.
Furthermore, it provides a selectable 0...1 mA or 4...20 mA output for the customer’s use.
To reduce costs and complexity with respect to the features of the communication interface and the analog interface, these extensions are integrated in
the main housing of the TAPCON® 250.
For further information on
• Analog Input/Output Module
• Communication interface card
• Adapter Panels
please contact Reinhausen Manufacturing or
www.tapcon250.com
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3 Product Description
3.5
Hardware description
The individual components are mounted in an optimized, EMC-safe steel plate
housing.
The front panel of TAPCON® 250 contains an LCD graphic display, several
LEDs and several function keys and menu keys. The device is powered by a
microcontroller (see section 8.2, block/connection diagram). Besides a voltage
transformer and a current transformer it contains opto-coupler inputs with
potential separation as well as potential-free output relay contacts.
The parameters of the TAPCON® 250 can be set via the front panel keys, via a
PC over the integrated serial interface (COM 2) on the front panel or over the
supervisory (communications) card if ordered; the associated PC-software is
included in the scope of supply. The functions of the TAPCON® 250 voltage
controller are largely compatible with those of the earlier voltage controller generations.
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
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TAPCON® 250
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3 Product Description
3.6
Technical Data
3.6.1
Setting Ranges
Range
100…135 V
±0.5…±9 %
1…600 s
1…60 s
0...10 s (default 1.5 s)
Ur = 0…±25 V
Ur = 0…±25 V
Voltage rise 0…15 % of desired voltage level
Z compensation selection
Limitation 0…15 % of desired voltage level
95...135 V
Undervoltage blocking
100...140 V
Overvoltage detection with high
speed return control (interruptible) Pulse signal 1.5 / 1.5 s
50…210 %
Overcurrent blocking
85...140 VAC (45...65 Hz) R.M.S value;
Voltage transformer
Intrinsic Consumption <1VA
0.2 A (45…65Hz) R.M.S. value;
Current transformer
Intrinsic Consumption <1VA
Voltage: < ± 0.5 %
Measurement Accuracy
Current: < 0.5 % at 1 to 200 % of nominal range
Reference voltage level
Bandwidth
Delay time T1
Delay time T2
Switching pulse duration
LDC
Table 4
24
Setting ranges
TAPCON® 250
297/06 EN
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
3 Product Description
3.6.2
Operation Elements, Display
Function ke ys
Displa y
P ow e r supply
P ow e r consum ption
P rote ctive housing
W e ight
Ope ra ting te m pe ra ture
Rais e / Lower
Rem ote/Loc al
M anual/A uto
M enu k ey s
M onoc hrom atic dis play with graphic s c apabilities ,
128 x 128 dot
1 LE D lam p (green) for operating s tatus
1 LE D lam p (y ellow) for s ignalling, ”parallel operation
ac tive“ s tatus
1 LE D lam p (red) eac h for s ignalling U< , U> , I>
1 LE D lam p (green) for s ignalling ”NORM s et ac tive“
s tatus
3 LE D lam ps (y ellow) for random as s ignm ent
1 LE D lam p (y ellow / green / red) for random
as s ignm ent
RA IS E c om m and with green LE D indic ation
LOW E R c om m and with green LE D indic ation
RE M OTE m ode with green LE D indic ation
M A NUA L m ode with green LE D indic ation
A UTO m ode with green LE D indic ation
85...140 V A C (45...65 Hz ); 12 V DC
6 V A ... 12 V A (depending on am ount of ex tens ions )
5.81 x 8.5 x 3.08 ‘’ (W x H x D) (147.6 x 216 x 78.2
mm)
approx . 6.2 lbs (2.8 k gs )
- 13° F… 158° F (- 25° C… + 70° C)*
*extended temperature range on demand
Table 5
Operation elements, display
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3 Product Description
3.6.3
Electromagnetic Compatibility
1,500 VAC rms to ground for one minute with a
leakage current not to exceed 15 mA (except
communication ports, CAN bus terminals P1 and
terminals P2.33...P2.37)
High voltage
IEEE C37.90.1-2002 4,000 Vpk
Contact Discharge +/-8kV
IEC 61000-4-2
Air Discharge +/-15 kV
10 V/m, 80...4,000 MHz
IEC 61000-4-3
Fast Transient Burst
Electrostatic discharge
test
Immunity against HF
fields
4 kV @ 2.5 kHz (1 min.) Fast transient disturbance
test
4,000 Vpk
Immunity against Surge
10 V, 150 kHz ... 80 MHz Immunity against HF on
lines
1,000 A/m, 60 Hz,
Immunity against
continuous
magnetic fields
IEC 61000-4-4
IEC 61000-4-5
IEC 61000-4-6
IEC 61000-4-8
Table 6
Electromagnetic compatibility
3.6.4
Temperature and Climate Resistance
Operating temperature
Storage temperature
- 13° F…158° F (- 25° C…+ 70° C)*
- 40° F…176° F (- 40° C …+ 80° C)
IEC 60068-2-1
IEC 60068-2-2
IEC 60068-2-3
Dry Cold -13°F for 96 hours
Dry Heat 158°F for 96 hours
Damp Heat 104°F for 96 hours, rel. air humidity 93%
IEC 60068-2-30
Damp Heat, cyclic (12 h +12 h), 131°F, stress
duration: 6 cycles
* extended temperature range on demand
Table 7
Temperature and climate resistance
3.6.5
Vibration, Shock and Seismic Resistance
Vibration test Class I
Shock test Class I
Seismic test Class I
IEC 255-21-1
IEC 255-21-2
IEC 255-21-3
Table 8
26
Vibration, shock and seismic resistance
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3 Product Description
3.6.6
Mold Resistance
A conformal coating on the printed circuit board is used to inhibit mold growth.
3.7
Description of the front panel.
1
13
12
2
11
10
3
9
8
7
Figure 2
6
5
4
Front panel
1
LEDs
The LEDs indicate overcurrent, under voltage, overvoltage, parallel
active, NORMset active and (4) assignable functions or modes.
2
Function keys F1 … F5
These soft keys are used to navigate the menu sub-groups or adjust
specific parameter settings in the input screens.
3
Status LED
If the status LED is illuminated, the device is working properly.
Table 9
Text legend
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3 Product Description
4
MENU key
This key, when pressed, displays the initial menu screen.
5
ESC key
The ESC key, when pressed, displays the previous higher menu level
or returns to the operating display.
6
Enter key
Once a value or setting is changed in a specific parameter menu, this
key must be pressed to enter the new parameter into the operating
memory.
7
Arrow keys
Used for navigation of parameter screens within a menu sub-group
and also for changing the measured value display while on the Main
Display screen. Available display values include voltage deviation dU - current (A) - apparent power (VA) - active power (W) - reactive
load (VAr) - phase angle (deg.) - Cos.
8
Serial interface COM 2
The COM2 port is used to connect the TAPCON® 250 voltage controller with a PC only for parameter settings. The TAPCON®-trol parameter
software and interface cable are included with each controller.
9
Contrast
Adjusts the contrast of the display.
10
Automatic key
Used to initiate Automatic mode. This can also be used for indication
only in conjunction with a 120 VAC input (see Figure 9).
11
Manual key
Used to initiate Manual mode. This can also be used as indication
only in conjunction with a 120 VAC input (see Figure 9).
12
Remote key
Used to toggle between Remote and Local modes. It can also be
used as indication only in conjunction with a 120 VAC input (see Figure 9).
13
Raise/Lower keys
The tap-changer can be operated via the Raise/Lower keys (changing the step voltage).
Table 9
28
TAPCON® 250
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3 Product Description
1
2
3
7
6
4
5
Figure 3
3.8
LCD graphic display
1
Status line; displays menu items or error/alarm messages
2
Actual measured voltage level in V/kV
3
Reference or alternate voltage level in V/kV
4
Measured value display (voltage deviation and other values)
5
Tap-changer operating position
6
Deviation from reference or alternate voltage level
7
Timing bar
Main display screen
The main display screen on the LCD shows the reference and actual voltage in
V or kV, the system deviation rate, and the current tap-changer position. You
can set the unit to V or kV.
TAPCON® 250 offers several options for setting the display unit to kV or V. You
can convert all values via the "kV/V Display" submenu or specify the unit via the
individual input screens for the desired values. The third line of the display can be
toggled to display other metering values by pressing the right and left arrow keys.
Please note that the correct display of the primary voltage and power calculations depends on the correct entry of the voltage and current transformer
data (see chapter 7.3.1).
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3 Product Description
3.9
Special operating reliability for TAPCON® 250
The TAPCON® 250 control panel is sub-divided into two levels (security levels).
We refer to them as operation control level and protected level for parameterization. The operation control keys are clearly separated from those for parameterization. In addition, all requests for user action are indicated via LEDs
(visual feedback).
Figure 4
System management level (left) and parameterization and configuration
section (right)
The LEDs integrated in the "Raise"-/"Lower" keys are illuminated over the complete duration of the tap-changer operation.
This visual monitoring facility makes operation of the TAPCON® 250 easier.
TAPCON® 250 parameters can be changed both in manual and in auto mode.
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3 Product Description
3.10
Controller Part Number Description
The TAPCON® 250 comes available in a variety of configurations which are
specified during the ordering process. Labels are placed on the back of the units
to indicate the optional features that are fully functional for that controller. This
is in the form of a part number configured as TC250-V-W-XY-ZZ according to
the following:
V = Positive Tap Position Knowledge (AI) Capability
•
0 = No tap position input/output available
•
1 = 0-1mA tap position input knowledge capability
(selectable 0-1mA or 4-20mA output)
•
2 = 0-20mA tap position input knowledge capability
(selectable 0-1mA or 4-20mA output)
•
4 = 4-20mA tap position input knowledge capability
(selectable 0-1mA or 4-20mA output)
•
P= Potentiometer (voltage division) input knowledge capability
(selectable 0-1mA or 4-20mA output)
The AI capability is sometimes used to remotely set the voltage level with an
analog signal.
W = Paralleling Capability
•
0 = Controller cannot be used to parallel transformers
•
P = Controller can be used to parallel transformers via methods described in
section 4.1.
X = Basic Supervisory Control (CI) Capability
•
0 = No supervisory control card is present
•
C = Supervisory control card is available with basic serial RS232 and
RS485 interface
•
E = Supervisory control card is available with basic serial RS232 and RS485
interface plus the additional use of ethernet with the RJ45 connection.
•
M = Supervisory control card is available with basic serial RS232 and
RS485 interface plus the additional use of modem with the RJ45 connection.
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3 Product Description
Y = Supervisory Control (CI) Fiber Option
•
0 = Supervisory control card does not have fiber optics
•
1 = Supervisory control card has fiber optic connection for FH-ST connectors
ZZ= Reserved for Special Applications
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4
Voltage regulation of transformers with
TAPCON® 250
Voltage regulation for transformers with tap-changers is an important issue for
energy supplying companies. According to DIN-IEC 38, the 120 V voltage in the
public low-voltage grid has to be kept constant with an accuracy of at least
± 10 %. TAPCON® 250 makes this control task simple and straightforward. The
TAPCON® 250 voltage controller continuously compares the actual value
Uactual (output voltage at the transformer) with a fixed or load-depending reference voltage level Uref that you can specify.
Depending on the difference between actual and reference value,
TAPCON® 250 provides the actuating pulse for the tap-changer of the transformer.
The tap-changer switches if the actual value falls outside the preset bandwidth
(Uref +/- B%). The voltage at the transformer is thus kept constant. Fluctuations
within the permissible bandwidth have no influence on the control response or
the tap-change operation.
The voltage controller parameters can be optimally adjusted to the line voltage
behavior, so that a balanced control response with minimum number of tapchange operations is achieved.
Just enter the reference voltage level and the potential transformer ratio via the
standard NORMset function. TAPCON® 250 automatically deals with the rest.
Separate transformer signal converters are no longer required. These include,
for example, programmable multi-signal converters or analog signal converters
for transmission of measured current, voltage, active power and reactive load
values. All these functions are now integrated in the TAPCON® 250 digital voltage controller.
The "measured value recorder" module can be used to store and display valuable measuring values.
All measured data displayed and analyzed on your PC via the software include:
Measured values
•
tap-changer positions
•
voltage and voltage deviation
•
active current
•
reactive current
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4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250
•
phase angle
Calculated values
•
active power
•
reactive load
•
apparent power
•
power factor
The TAPCON® 250 enables the user to set and monitor the tap-changer positions directly. Additional tap position displays directly at the transformer are
therefore no longer required.
4.1
Parallel operation of tapped transformers
Transformer control is relatively clear and easy to handle by using the
TAPCON® 250 in independent or paralleled transformer states. The
TAPCON® 250 is capable of paralleling up to sixteen transformers by means of
digital communication or analog ANSI scheme between controllers. Safe and
economic parallel operation of transformers can only be ensured if their performance capability, i.e. their rated power, can be utilized fully and without overloading an individual transformer.
There are several good reasons for operating transformers in parallel.
TAPCON® 250 was therefore developed further and optimized for this mode of
operation.
Reasons for paralleling include:
1. Higher short circuit capacity
2. Higher throughput
However, parallel operation requires special control measures for minimizing
equalizing currents (circulating reactive currents) between the transformers.
The formation of circulating currents is described in the following chapter. Under
adverse conditions, circulating currents IKr may lead to overload or uneconomic
operation of transformers.
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4.1.1
Formation of circulating currents
With unequal no-load voltages U1 ≠ Ux, as an EMF (electromotive force) the differential voltage ΔU = U1 - Ux causes a current flow through the windings of the
transformers operated in parallel. This current is independent of the load current.
Unequal no-load voltages occur if the angle and/or magnitude of the
voltages differ.
The magnitude and angle of the circulating current is determined by the shortcircuit impedances ZK (in series) of the transformers operated in parallel,
including the impedance of the connecting lead between the transformers. The
impedance of the load is negligible, because this circulating current flows
through the transformers even in the absence of a load.
The circulating currents IKr depend on the short-circuit impedances ZK1 ... ZKx
and the differences between the no-load voltages U1-U2.
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4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250
Definition
I Kr
U1 – U2
= -----------------------Z K1 + Z K2
U1...Ux: no-load voltages
IKr1...IKr: circulating currents
ZK1...ZKx: short-circuit impedance
The formation of circulating currents is visually represented in Figure 5.
The short-circuit impedances ZK1... ZKx of the transformers are usually very low.
This results in considerable circulating currents IKr.
In this example we assume that the driving voltage U1 is greater than U2 to Ux.
U1> U2, Ux
Transformer 1
Figure 5
4.1.2
Transformer 2
Transformer x
Parallel operation of transformers equivalent circuit diagram
Parallel operation with TAPCON® 250
TAPCON® 250 enables control of sixteen transformers operated in parallel in
one or two groups. Parallel operation is managed via the CAN bus. Parallel
operation is activated via menu or an optional status input.
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For a typical connection of two or more TAPCON® controllers see section 8.2.
For safe and economic parallel operation of transformers, TAPCON® 250 has
to ensure the following operating conditions of the transformers:
1. Avoidance or minimization of circulating currents
2. Avoidance of an unequal transformer load
Different control techniques are used for meeting these requirements. These
techniques are described below.
4.1.2.1
Master-Follower Principle (synchronism control of tap-changer)
With this technique, one controller takes on a master function. This controller is
assigned overall control (master), while the other controllers (followers) execute
its control commands. Via the CAN bus the master compares the tap position
of the followers with its own tap position. If a tap position deviation is detected,
the master ensures that the followers are brought to the same tap position. This
method is the best option if transformers to be paralleled always carry the load
equally when on the same tap position. This is usually accomplished when identical transformers are paralleled. A failure will be indicated and blocking will
occur if transformers get more than one step apart. If the Master-Follower or
Autosynchronism paralleling methods are used, the primary side of the transformers must be connected to the same voltage, and the voltages on the secondary side must have the same magnitude and angle. The transformers
should therefore meet the following criteria:
•
comparable output
•
same vector group
•
same rated voltage and comparable voltage ratios
•
comparable Z%
Additionally, no LDC settings are affected by toggling between parallel and independent states.
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4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250
4.1.2.2
Master/Follower principle (automatic synchronism)
This technique is a special form of the master/follower technique.
Even in the event of a failure in the specified master controller, the power supply
of the customer is not interrupted.
The TAPCON® 250 automatically assigns the controller with the lowest CAN
bus address as master.
Please ensure that each controller has an address number assigned via the
"CAN address submenu".
Only after all controllers have been identified, will they be able to communicate with each other via the CAN bus and use the "automatic synchronism"
technique.
4.1.2.3
Circulating reactive current principle
This technique allows the controllers to behave in a manner to minimize the
imbalance created by paralleling transformers. Since transformers are very
reactive, this imbalance is primarily controlled by minimizing the difference in
reactive current or VARs flowing through each transformer. The tap position of
the transformer is irrelevant.
The circulating reactive current is calculated via the transformer currents and
their phase angles (Δsinφ, Δsin(S) and Δcosφ) at the supply and minimized
through specific adjustment of the tap-changer. The final result is improved performance of transformers even under various conditions:
•
open/closed high-side bus
•
different high-side voltages
•
different Z%
•
dynamically changing Z%
•
different winding ratios
•
different step voltages
•
different tap ranges
Additionally, no LDC settings are affected by toggling between parallel and independent states.
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4.2
Description of the main variables and functions for voltage
regulation
In order to be able to fully utilize the benefits offered by TAPCON® 250 right
from the start, this chapter describes the main voltage regulation parameters
and functions.
4.2.1
Reference voltage level Uref
The reference voltage level or bandcenter is specified as a fixed value. The reference voltage level can be specified via the TAPCON® 250 user interface in
the parameter mode sub-group (section 7.2). Additionally, if the Normset function is used, it can be set in the NORMset mode sub-group (section 7.1).
The TAPCON® 250 helps maintain an acceptable and stable voltage at the
transformer. This reference voltage can be set to display in kV or V.
Accordingly, the TAPCON® 250 compares the reference voltage level with the
primary voltage (kV) or the secondary voltage (V) of the potential transformer.
The TAPCON® 250 offers various further options for changing the reference
voltage level or for switching to an alternate voltage level during operation such
as when voltage reduction is needed.
4.2.1.1
Voltage level change via standard control system
The reference voltage level can be set via standard control system protocols
such as DNP3.0 or MODBUS. Please refer to our documentation for the respective interface protocol regarding addressing and data format.
4.2.1.2
Voltage level change via digital input
The TAPCON® 250 can use up to 3 selectable alternate voltage levels (AVL)
which can be activated by connecting a 12 VDC voltage to two possible inputs.
The value of the alternate voltage levels can be set in the Parameter => Regulation param. subgroup.
Active Inputs
No AVL Inputs High
AVL 2 Input High
AVL 3 Input High
AVL 2 and AVL 3 Inputs High
Table 10
Resulting Bandcenter
Voltage Level 1 Active
Alternate Voltage Level 2 Active
Alternate Voltage Level 3 Active
Alternate Voltage Level 4 Active
AVL function table
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4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250
4.2.1.3
Special operation after voltage level change
After the reference voltage level is changed to an alternate voltage level the
controller will respond immediately ignoring any time delay setting to bring the
voltage back into bandwidth.
If more than one tap change is necessary, several cases apply for the subsequent commands:
4.2.2
•
Case1 - Continuous Output, No Auto Inhibit activation
The Raise/Lower output will stay on until the voltage is back in bandwidth
again.
•
Case2 - Continuous Output, Auto Inhibit activation
Auto Inhibit interrupts the Raise/Lower output signal. As soon as the Auto
Inhibit input is de-energized, the controller will immediately activate the
Raise/Lower output until Auto Inhibit is applied again or until the voltage is
back in bandwidth again.
•
Case3 - Pulsed Output, No Auto Inhibit activation
After the first Raise/Lower output pulse, the time delay T2 will count down
disregarding the parameter "T2 Activation" setting. When the time bar
reaches 0 s, a Raise/Lower pulse is signalled and T2 begins counting again.
This procedure is repeated until the voltage is back in bandwidth again.
•
Case4 - Pulsed Output, Auto Inhibit activation
Until Auto Inhibit is activated the controller follows the procedure as
described in case3. When Auto Inhibit is energized the Raise/Lower output
signal switches off and the time delay T2 is stopped. The controller will reset
all timers and start with T2 once again after Auto Inhibit is deenergized in
order to proceed with case 3 or case 4.
Bandwidth "+/- B %"
The bandwidth can be programmed as either a percentage or absolute value.
If absolute value is desired, the “B%” setting is not applicable. Likewise, the
absolute value setting is not applicable if turned off. If the measuring voltage,
i.e. the measured actual value, falls outside the specified bandwidth
(deviation ΔU), after the set delay time T1 an output pulse is issued, and the tapchanger raises or lowers accordingly. The bandwidth is programmed as a +/deviation from reference voltage level (Uref ± B %). The bandwidth should be
chosen such that the output voltage of the transformer (Uactual) does not exceed
the specified bandwidth limits after the tap-change operation.
If the bandwidth setting is set too low, then hunting may occur. If the bandwidth
setting is too high, then the voltage may not be regulated properly, resulting in
undervoltage or overvoltage conditions.
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Guide value for the bandwidth:
Normally, the following value is recommended for the bandwidth B %:
[± B %] ≥ 0.6 · ΔUStep
Example for determining the permissible bandwidth:
Voltage rating: Unom = 100 kV
Number of tap positions: ±15 (= 30 steps)
Setting range: 85 kV … 115 kV
Step voltage: (115 KV – 85 kV) / 30 steps = 1 kV / step
Thus 1 kV / step corresponds to value 1% of Unom.
Generally, if the user‘s system permits, a bandwidth near the step voltage % is
a good choice to regulate voltage while keeping a moderate number of tap
change operations.
Figure 6
Measured voltage and bandwidth over time
1
∆Vstep: Step voltage
2
Vdesired: Desired value in V
3
B%: Bandwidth range
4
T1: Set delay time
5
Vactual: Measured voltage
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4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250
42
a
Vactual outside the bandwidth, T1 starts
b
Vactual within bandwidth before T1 lapses, no tap-change operation
c
Vactual outside the bandwidth, T1 starts
d
Vactual outside B% when T1 lapses, tap-change operation initiated
e
Tap-change operation complete, Vactual within the bandwidth
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4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250
4.2.3
Control delay: T1 and T2
Delay time T1:
A violation of the specified bandwidth is referred to as deviation ΔU, in which
case the controller starts to respond. In order to avoid unnecessary switching
operations caused by short-term violation of the bandwidth, the TAPCON® 250
features a delay time option (section 7.2.1). The duration of this delay is specified via the delay time parameter T1.
You may set the bandwidth "B %" at the TAPCON® 250 from 0.5 % to 9 % in
steps of 0.01 %. The transformer’s step voltage must be known to ensure
proper setting of this value (see example in section 4.2.2). For increased regulating sensitivity it is also possible to set lower values, although it is highly
inadvisable to go below 60 % ([± B %] ≥ 0.6 · ΔUStep) of the computed value.
A gradually filling time bar located on the main screen indicates the time left until
the start of the control operation (section 7.2.1). If the deviation is still present
after the delay time has elapsed, an output pulse is issued, and the tap-changer
initiates a switching operation.
If the deviation returns to within bandwidth limits during the delay time T1,
the delay time is reduced. The bar in the time diagram is shown hatched and
becomes gradually smaller. No tap-change operation occurs.
The benefit of the reduction is that the controller does not keep counting from
0 sec. if the bandwidth is exceeded regularly. Instead, the time already elapsed
is used as a measure for the start of the subsequent delay time. The
TAPCON® 250 meets the requirements of fast and optimized control response.
Via the submenu "T1 control mode" (section 7.2.1), the delay time T1 can be
set to linear or integral response.
Linear time:
The controller responds with a constant delay time, independent of the deviation.
Integral time:
Depending on the deviation, the response time of the controller is reduced to a
minimum of 1 sec, i.e. the greater the deviation (Uactual from Uref ± B %), the
shorter the response time.
The voltage controller can thus respond more quickly to unexpectedly large
voltage changes in the grid. Control accuracy is increased.
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4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250
Delay time T2:
In rare cases, more than one tap-change operation may be required for returning the transformer output voltage to within the specified bandwidth. In general,
this option can be applied to shorten or lengthen the time needed for an out of
bandwidth response when the voltage is still out of bandwidth following an initial
tap change. Particularly with integral control response this would mean that the
time until an output pulse is issued would increase with each tap-change operation. This behavior can be counteracted by using delay time T2. The first output pulse is issued after the specified delay time T1. Further pulses required for
stabilization are issued after the specified delay time T2, usually between 10
and 15 sec. The T2 time could also be activated and minimized if sequential
operation is desired. This time must be carefully selected if transformer paralleling is utilized so that all paralleled controllers have time to respond to each
other’s tap changes.
When Auto Inhibit is activated during the operation all timers are reset and
the controller stops voltage regulation. The delay time T2 will count again
from the beginning after Auto Inhibit is deactivated in case of a voltage level
change, see chapter 4.2.1.3.
Otherwise delay time T1 is applied.
Regulating deviation
Parameter T1 integral
Reaction time of
the controller
Figure 7
44
TAPCON® 250
ΔU/E-voltage change ΔU in % of the desired value in relation to the set
bandwith in % to the reference voltage level
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4 Voltage regulation of transformers with TAPCON® 250
4.2.4
Line compensation: LDC and Z compensation
The energy supply quality at the customer not only depends on the busbar voltage of the supply transformer (measured value U), but even more on the voltage directly at the customer equipment.
In selected cases, voltage regulation has to take account of the feeder impedance (in the cables or overhead lines to the customers). These feeder lines may
be subject to a significant (load-dependent!) voltage drop.
This voltage drop depends on the impedance of the line, the current and the
phase angle ϕ at the consumer.
TAPCON® 250 offers two different options for compensating a load-dependent
voltage drop between transformer and consumer.
Line drop compensation (LDC) requires knowledge of the exact line data. LDC
offers accurate compensation of line voltage drops.
Correct setting of the LDC requires calculation of the resistive and inductive line
voltage drop in relation to the secondary side of the voltage transformer in V and
the correct setting of the existing measuring transformer configuration according to section 7.2.3.
Z compensation can be used in case of minor shifts of the phase angle ϕ, also
in meshed network applications.
Correct setting of the Z compensation requires calculation of the voltage
increase dU taking account of the magnitude of the current.
In either case if the user is using Master-Follower or minimum circulating reactive current paralleling, it is useful to also know that LDC and Z compensation
settings are not affected when the controls toggle between an independent and
parallel state.
If paralleling transformers, please note that because the TAPCON® 250 has
complete knowledge of the total load current, the LDC settings should be
entered with respect to the total line current and not just the current flowing
through each transformer. So, for retrofit applications where analog paralleling
was previously used, the TAPCON® 250 settings may be:
old
analog LDC setting------------------------------------------------------= New TAPCON 250 LDC setting
# of load lines
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Example: Four similar transformers are paralleled. Each transformer is 50 %
resistive loaded. If the line drop compensation for one transformer is set to 1 V
resistive, the net effect would force each each AVR's bandcenter 2 V (4 x 50 %
x1).
5 Additional performance characteristics of TAPCON® 250
5
Additional performance characteristics of
TAPCON® 250
5.1
NORMset
The NORMset function is an automatic mechanism that considerably simplifies
configuration of a voltage controller.
For commissioning the device, you simply have to enter the reference voltage
level, the primary and secondary voltage and, if necessary, the potential transformer data (section 7.1). Depending on whether kV or V has been specified as
the unit, the reference voltage level is compared with the primary or secondary
voltage of the potential transformer. The correct application depends on the correct entry of the potential transformer data (section 7.3.1).
If the reference voltage level is entered while the NORMset function is active
(LED illuminates green), the voltage controller will examine the given line/
network conditions and proceed to perform an automatic adaptation of all further inputs (comprised in part of the pre-parametering and standard reference values) which used to be required for conventional controllers.
5.2
Protection functions
Trouble-free operation is ensured by the controller’s inherent undervoltage
blocking or overcurrent blocking (<U and >I) and overvoltage monitoring (>U)
(section 5.2.1 and section 5.2.2), often referred to as first-house protection.
The first-house protection feature prevents the controller from automatically
regulating to an overvoltage condition due to incorrect LDC settings.
Entering the limit values:
For undervoltage and overvoltage, the limit value in kV or V refers to the primary
or secondary voltage of the potential (measuring) transformer.
For overcurrent, the limit value in percent % refers to the set rated current of the
current transformer.
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5 Additional performance characteristics of TAPCON® 250
5.2.1
Undervoltage blocking
Undervoltage blocking prevents tap-change operations in the event of a network breakdown. The voltage controller output pulses are blocked and the red
LED "<U" illuminates as soon as the output voltage of the transformer falls
below the set blocking value.
The LED will not illuminate in case of a failure of the transformer output voltage
or supply voltage (< 30 V).
This standard setting can be deactivated, see Parameters => Limit values =>
"U< also below 30 V" (section 7.2.2).
5.2.2
Overcurrent blocking
Overcurrent blocking prevents tap-change operations in the presence of overload. The voltage controller output pulses are blocked and the red "I>" LED
lamp responds when the measured current exceeds the set blocking value.
5.2.3
Overvoltage detection
Overvoltage detection causes the tap-changer to select an appropriate value for
returning to the required operating state. The message "function monitoring" will
be emitted if a regulating deviation lasting 15 min. is detected by the controller
which is not eventually compensated (see section 7.2.2).
In the event of an overvoltage detection response, the controller immediately
responds with periodic pulses to the motor-drive mechanism until the overvoltage falls below the response threshold.
The motor-drive mechanism is activated by periodic pulses with 1.5 s delay time
between pulses through the "Lower" output relay (the pulse time can be set in
the menu - see Configuration => General => Pulse Time (see section 7.3.2)).
In this case, delay time "T1" and "T2" are not active.
The red LED ">U" illuminates as long as overvoltage is present.
If the voltage controller regulates towards a higher voltage than the set limit U>
due to unfavorable parametering (e.g. LDC settings too high, see section
7.2.3.1), it is prevented from exceeding the limit.
5.2.4
Detection of the off-status of the transformer
The TAPCON® 250 is able to detect the off state of the transformer and to prevent regulating operations independently. The user can set the voltage threshold.
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Commissioning
6.1
Installation
An adapter panel or surface mounting kit can be used with the TAPCON® 250
voltage controller in order to make installing and retrofitting much easier. Each
panel adapts the TAPCON® 250 as a tap-changer voltage control replacement
and provides the external connections necessary for operation via terminal
blocks on the rear of the adapter panel. Most panels also include open circuit
protection for the CT in case the CT is accidentally opened at the controller’s
connector.
There are numerous kits and adapters available for both new and existing applications. Please Contact Reinhausen Manufacturing or www.tapcon250.com for
an up to date list of adapter panels.
6.2
Connection
Connect the voltage controller in accordance with the wiring diagram (see Figure 9) and according to the wiring diagram of the respective motor drive.
In general, the voltage controller is operated by the measurement voltage of
85...140 VAC on pin P2.1 (Line) and pin P2.3 (Neutral).
The voltage controller alternatively accepts an external +12 VDC/1A power supply on terminal P3 (P3.1 = polarity, P3.2 = return) for continuous operation during an AC power outage.
The terminal connections to P1, P2 and P3 should be made with a #12-#24
AWG Copper wire preferably in a TYCO/AMP #131331 type (or equivalent) ferrule and 4.5 lb in tightening torque.
WARNING!
Risk of Electric Shock!
Ensure that the voltage controller is connected and the housing grounded
with due care.
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Pay attention to the correct phase angle of the secondary terminals of current
transformer and voltage transformer.
Ensure correct connection of the output relays to the motor-drive unit.
Figure 8
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6.3
External connections
GPI 1 (User-Programmable Input 1)
GPI 2 (User-Programmable Input 2)
GPI 3 (User-Programmable Input 3)
GPI 4 (User-Programmable Input 4)
Figure 9
Generic wiring scheme for definition of external connections
Notes
1. Motor voltage may be 120 or 240 V to neutral, or 240 V phase-to-phase.
2. A ground connection has to be provided to the CT/VT‘s neutral connection,
external to the control
3. Note that optocoupler status inputs Man/Auto, Loc/Rem, and Raise/Lower at
P2-26, 27, 28, & 29 are referenced to the common inputs P2-23 and P2-25.
These common inputs must be wired in accordance with the correct reference voltages in order to avoid possible damage.
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WARNING
When an adapter panel is not used, automatic shorting of CT inputs is not
provided by the TAPCON® 250; the customer must provide a method for
shorting the CT‘s before the control is disconnected.
.
WARNING
When an adapter panel is not used, the TAPCON® 250 has to be protected
by an external fuse rated 250V/0.3 A, fast-acting on pin P2.1 (recommendation: #312300, manufactured by LITTELFUSE).
Pin P2.1 Voltage Input
This input accepts nominal 120 VAC, 45...65 Hz to operate the control's power
supply and voltage sensing input. The acceptable voltage range for proper control operation is from 85–140 VAC.
Power consumption is 6 VA to 12 VA depending on the amount of extensions.
The input voltage is referenced to (Pin P2.3).
Pin P2.2 Load Current Return
This is the non-polarity input to the load current measuring transformer.
The companion polarity input is Pin P2.4. The line current transformer input is
isolated from other pins.
Pin P2.3 Neutral
This is the return for the Voltage Input (Pin P2.1), and nominal +12 VDC
"wetting” voltage output (Pin P2.10).
Pin P2.4 Load Current Polarity
The line current input range is 0–420 mA (200 mA continuous) with 200 mA representing the 1.0 per unit value. The measured current value is used for line
drop compensation and metering calculation.
WARNING: The current input to the TAPCON® 250 is rated at 200 mA
continuous, 420 mA for two hours, and 4.0 A for 1 second.
Pin P2.5 Reserved Circulating Current Polarity
Bridged with pin P2.6. The TAPCON® 250 does not need this pin to perform
paralleling.
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Pin P2.6 Reserved Circulating Current Return
Bridged with pin P2.5. The TAPCON® 250 does not need this pin to perform
paralleling.
WARNING
There is no circulating current transformer available in the TAPCON® 250.
Pin P2.7 Tap-changer Raise
This switched output connects the tap-changer raise winding to the source of
the motor power (Pin P2.8). When the controller calls for a raise, it is capable of
switching up to 6 A at 120/240 VAC.
Pin P2.8 Motor Power Input
The source for powering the tap-changer motor is connected here. It can accept
a maximum voltage of 240 VAC.
Pin P2.9 GPI 1 (User-Programmable Input #1)
This digital input is typically enabled by connecting it to the nominal +12 VDC
wetting source (Pin P2.10), through an external contact. Previous firmware versions may refer to this as alternate voltage level #3 (AVL3) input. This input can
be programmed for various functions related to voltage level, paralleling, tapchange inhibit, and more. Please see section 7.4 for more details regarding the
use and setting of user-programmable inputs.
Pin P2.10 +12 VDC Wetting Voltage
This is the output of an unregulated DC power supply internal to the controller.
It is referenced to P2.3 and can supply up to 100 mA. It is used for powering the
digital inputs of the controller through external relays.
Depending on the voltage supplied to Pin P2.1 and loading, its output can vary
from +10 to +18 VDC. Note that this is not an internally fused voltage supply.
Pins P2.11 & P2.12 Operations Counter Inputs 1 and 2
This digital input registers the counter contact closure. The pins are isolated
from neutral to permit placing the external contact in series with either the wetting voltage or neutral. The operation counter will increment when Pin P2.12 is
grounded via the transformer or controller dry operation count switch.
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Pin P2.13 GPI 2 (User-Programmable Input #2)
This digital input is typically enabled by connecting to the nominal +12 VDC wetting source (Pin P2.10), through an external contact. Previous firmware versions
may refer to this as the “Switch Status” input. It can be programmed for various
functions related to voltage level, paralleling, tapchange inhibit, and more.
Please see section 7.4 for more details regarding the use and setting of user-programmable inputs. The status can be read through the switch status data point in
the communications protocols.
Pins P2.14 & P2.15 Neutral Position Detector Inputs 1 & 2
This digital input registers the neutral position switch closure. The pins are isolated from neutral to permit placement of the external contact in series with
either the wetting voltage or neutral.
Normally, the wetting supply (Pin P2.10) will be connected to Pin P2.14.
Pin P2.16 Tap-changer Lower Output
This switched output connects the tap-changer lower winding to the source of
motor power. When the controller calls for a lower, it is capable of switching up
to 6 A at 120/240 VAC.
Pin P2.17 GPI 3 (User-Programmable Input #3)
This digital input is typically enabled by connecting to the nominal +12 VDC wetting source (Pin P2.10), through an external contact. Previous firmware versions may refer to this as Auto Tapchange Inhibit. It can be programmed for various functions related to voltage level, paralleling, tapchange inhibit, and more.
Please see section 7.4 for more details regarding the use and setting of userprogrammable inputs.
Pin P2.18 GPI 4 (User-Programmable Input #4)
This digital input is typically enabled by connecting it to the nominal +12 VDC
wetting source (Pin P2.10) through an external contact. Previous firmware versions may refer to this as alternate voltage level #2 (AVL2).
This input can be programmed for various functions related to voltage level, paralleling, tapchange inhibit, and more. Please see section 7.4 for more details
regarding the use and setting of user-programmable inputs.
Pin P2.19 Reserved for special operation only
Pins P2.20 & P2.22 User-Programmable Alarm
This pair of terminals is an alarm relay contact rated for 6 A at 120 VAC. This
alarm closes to indicate when any of nine programmable alarm conditions are
detected. Once the alarm conditions are corrected, the relay opens to its normal
state.
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Pins P2.21 and P2.24 Self-Test Alarm
This pair of terminals is a held-open alarm relay contact rated for 6 A at 120 VAC.
Failure of the power supply or the microcontroller results in loss of power to the
alarm relay, allowing the contact to close.
Pin P2.23 Common P2.28 & P2.29
This is the return for the Raise and Lower indication inputs. It is capable of operating with up to 240 VAC (typically this pin is connected to the motor-power
return voltage).
Pin P2.25 Common P2.26 & P2.27
This is the return for the status inputs Manual/Auto and Local/Remote. It is
capable of operating with up to 240 VAC (typically this pin is connected to the
motor-power return voltage).
Pin P2.26 Manual/Auto status Input
While not necessary, this input can be used to switch between Manual and Auto
operation of the controller. By applying a 120 VAC voltage, the controller immediately switches to automatic control mode (it can accept up to a maximum voltage of 240 VAC and is typically connected to the motor power voltage in order
to monitor it).
Pin P2.27 Local/Remote status Input
While not necessary, this input can be used to switch between Local and
Remote operation of the controller. By applying a 120 VAC voltage, the controller immediately switches to remote control mode (it can accept up to a maximum voltage of 240 VAC).
Note: The controller will accept control commands via communication (SCADA)
protocols only in remote mode. In local mode, SCADA data points are read-only.
Pin P2.28 & pin P2.29 Raise/Lower indication input
These inputs serve for indication of a Raise or Lower command actuated either
from the controller or from an external switch. Thus, they are typically connected to the Raise and Lower output pins (P2.7 & P2.16) in order to sense
automatic and manual/ external operations. These inputs may also be used for
initiating Raise/Lower commands from an external input source. They can
accept up to a maximum voltage of 240 VAC.
Pin P2.30 & pin P2.31: Auto/Manual operation status output
This pair of terminals is a two-way relay contact rated for 6 A at 120 VAC. It signals the current operation mode of the controller to an external indicator. Without power connected to the device the relay is in Manual position.
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Pin P2.32 Auto/Manual Return
This is the common contact of the Auto/Manual two-way relay to indicate the
current operation mode of the controller.
The wiring related to pins P2.33 through P2.37 should be 100% shielded and
grounded only at the TAPCON® 250 chassis. It is recommended that this wiring be continuous and have its own conduit shielded from possible interference due to switching currents usually attributed to motor control.
Pin P2.33 Analog Out Return (optional)
This is the return contact for the analog 0...1 mA or 4...20 mA position indication
output
Pin P2.34 Analog Position Indication Output (optional)
This analog output typically provides a selectable 0...1 mA or 4...20 mA signal
for remote position indication. It requires the analog interface module (AI-module) to be installed and can be activated in the Configuration => Tap. pos.
options menu
Pin P2.35 Analog Position Indication Input (optional)
This input is used for analog position information via a 0...1 mA, 0...20 mA current loop or potentiometer voltage. Either the polarity line of a 0...1 mA or
0...20 mA current or the sliding contact of a potentiometer shall be connected
to this terminal. The input option (current loop or potentiometer) is set by MR.
For a potentiometer application, this would be the connection for the “slide”.
The total resistance seen between P2.36 and P2.37 must be no greater than
2k ohms. Total resistance should be considered when choosing cabling.
Pin P2.36 Analog Position Indication Return (optional)
This terminal is the return line of the analog position indication input. It shall be
either connected to the 0...1 mA or 0...20 mA current return line or the return
line of a potentiometer. In potentiometer applications, this would be considered
the “minimum”.
Pin P2.37 +5 VDC Potentiometer Supply Voltage (optional)
This is the output of a +5 VDC power supply internal to the controller. It is used
for powering the polarity contact of a potentiometer. This would be considered
the “max” end of a potentiometer row.
Pin P2.38 Not connected
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6.3.1
Terminal P3 External DC power supply input:
The TAPCON® 250 has a standard power supply input for continuous operation
during AC power outage. A 12 VDC / 1A power supply can be directly connected to the terminals P3.1 (= Polarity) and P3.2 (= Return). It will only draw
current when the measurement potential between P2.1 and P2.3 falls below
85 VAC.
6.3.2
Terminal P1 CAN bus
The CAN protocol is used for communication between two or more TAPCON®controllers in parallel operation (see section 4.1 for further information or section 8.2 for connection diagram).
Pin P1.1 GND
Pin P1.2 CAN low
Pin P1.3 Not Connected
Pin P1.4 CAN high
Pin P1.5 Not Connected (for special applications only)
6.4
Easy setting of operating modes with NORMset
Prior to commissioning/initiation, be sure to check the entire switch configuration and the measuring and operating voltage. To assess the working mode of
the voltage controller, the use of a registering device to record the controller
voltage (actual value) is highly recommended. The related transformer should
be subject to normal load.
1. Select the NORMset function as indicated under section 7.1
2. Set the reference voltage level 1.
3. Manually control the transformer out of the default bandwidth of 1% above
the bandcenter.
4. Place the controller back into auto and allow the TAPCON® 250 to count
down and output a lower voltage command.
5. Manually control the transformer out of the default bandwidth of 1% below
the bandcenter.
6. If desired, apply overvoltage, undervoltage, and overcurrrent settings
according to section 7.2.2.
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7. NORMset settings are now complete. If the displayed voltage is required in
kV, please proceed as follows:
8. Set the rated transformer voltage and the rated current (see section 7.3.1).
9. Change the display to kV.
6.5
Function checks, operational settings for independent
operation
Prior to commissioning/initiation, be sure to check the entire switch configuration and the measuring and operating voltage. To assess the working mode of
the voltage controller, the use of a registering device to record the CT/VT voltage (actual value) is highly recommended. The related transformer should be
subject to normal load.
1. Set the transformation ratios of the CT/VT as specified under section 7.3.1,
as well as the measuring circuit.
2. Let the measured actual voltage (voltage from the measuring transformer)
be indicated on the display of the voltage controller by pressing the "ESC"
button until the initial screen appears.
3. Let the current, power, and phase angle values be indicated on the display
with the help of the "Right Arrow" and "Left Arrow" keys in the initial screen.
Compare these values with those from possibly existing service measuring
instruments. If wrong signs are indicated, reverse the polarity of the current
or voltage transformer. Please note that the factory presetting for the current
transformer is 0 Ampere! To ensure proper display of the correct operating
values, please be sure to enter the primary rated transformer current in the
menu "Configuration - Data of meas. transformer - primary current".
4. Set the reference voltage level. By manual control of the motor-drive, bring
the tap-changer to the service position so that the reference voltage level is
obtained.
5. Set the reference voltage level to this value (Configuration => Parameter =>
Regulation param.).
6. Set the bandwidth to 1.0 %. In most cases the voltage controller is now in a
balanced state (no countdown). Otherwise change the reference voltage
level in steps of 0.1 V until a balanced state is reached.
7. Set the desired bandwidth that is best for the transformers step voltage (see
section 7.2.1).
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8. Set the delay time T1 to 20s linear as per section 7.2.1; by manual control,
move the tap-changer towards "Raise" by one step. Check if the operation
mode is "Auto". The time bar should fill up from bottom to top while the time
is simultaneously displayed above the time bar until activation of the tapchanger. After a period of 20 s the voltage controller must control the tapchanger back to its previous service position. At that point the bar graph
display moves back into the normal position. Repeat the control procedure
towards "Lower". Set the operating delay time T2 to 10 s and "T2 on" in the
menu T2 activation. By manual control, move the tap-changer towards
"Raise" by two steps. Check if the operation mode is "Auto". After a period
of 20 s the voltage controller must automatically control the tap-changer
back to its previous service position by one step and after further 10 s by
another step. Set the delay times T1 and T2 to the desired value. If T2 is not
utilized, the "T2 off" setting will be required. When putting the transformer
into service, it is recommended to set the delay time T1 provisionally to 100
s. Depending on the existing operating conditions, you may want to
determine the definitive setting only after some time of observation. For this
purpose it is recommended to register the variation of the actual voltage and
the number of tap change operations on a day-to-day basis. If an inverse
response of the voltage controller is desired, set an integral time response
for the delay time T1. In this case the delay time is automatically shortened
inversely proportional to the deviation.
9. Set the mode of operation to "Manual“ and the existing reference voltage
level e.g. to 130 V. Set the response value for undervoltage blocking U< to
120 V, so that the actual measured voltage now corresponds to the set value
of the response blocking value. Set the mode of operation to "Auto“.
10.The output relay "Raise“ must not issue a control command. LED U< will
now respond. After approx. 10 s the error message "Undervoltage" will be
visible (deviation from reference voltage level - > -). Upon completion of this
function test you may now set the desired response value for undervoltage
blocking.
11. Set the mode of operation to "Manual“and set the existing reference voltage
level e.g. to 110 V. Set the response value for overvoltage detection U> to
120 V, so that the actual measured voltage now corresponds to the set
voltage of the response for overvoltage detection. LED U> will now respond
and the error message "Overvoltage" will be visible (deviation from
reference voltage level - < -).
12.Set the mode of operation to "Auto“. The output relay "Lower“ must issue
periodic control commands at 1.5 s intervals. Now set reference voltage
level back to its original value and the desired response value for
overvoltage detection according to this reference voltage level.
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13.Set the response threshold for overcurrent blocking I>. A function check is
not necessary.
14.Press the “ESC” key until the main measurement screen is visible. Press the
right arrow key until “dU” is visible on the third line. This is necessary to set
and test the LDC settings. Note that during this function check, the minimum
load current of 10 % of the rated current of the CT/VT must flow. Set the
mode of operation to "Manual“. With settings for Ux = Ur = O, “dU” should
not be affected. A setting of Ur = 20 V, Ux = O V deviation, “dU”, from
reference voltage level should be negative. A setting of Ur = 0 V, Ux = 20 V
should display a deviation, “dU”, from reference voltage level as positive.
If the bar graph display moves in the opposite direction, change the polarity
of the current transformer. The actually desired load drop can be set upon
completion of the above settings. Set the mode of operation to "Auto“. Check
if the setting is correct by observing the voltage at the line end during service
and with different loads. When the setting is correct the voltage at the line
end will remain constant.
15.Setting of Z-Compensation (as per section 7.2.3.2) as an alternative to LDC.
Set the mode of operation to "Manual“. Set the Z-Compensation voltage rise
to 0, the voltage controller is in a balanced state. Setting Z-compensation
limit = 15 %.Setting voltage increase = 15 % (deviation from reference
voltage level -> - during this function check the minimum load current of 10
% of the rated current of the CT/VT must flow). The desired values for Zcompensation can be set upon completion of the above settings. Set the
mode of operation to "Auto“.
16.Check if the setting is correct by observing the stability of a certain point in
the network with different loads. When the setting is correct, the voltage at
this point will remain constant.
17.To check alternate voltage levels, set the alternate voltage level 2 to the
desired value (refer to section 7.2.1). Set the mode of operation to "Manual“
and connect the +12VDC wetting voltage (P2.10) to P2.18. The bar graph
display must move in the direction of "Lower" or "Higher" according to the set
value for alternate voltage level 2 and AVL2 must be shown in the operating
display. Please proceed in the same manner for alternate voltage level 3 by
connecting +12 VDC wetting voltage to the P2.9 signalling relay for alternate
voltage level 3. The alternate voltage level 4 is activated by simultaneously
connecting +12 VDC wetting voltage to pin P2.18 and pin P2.9. Set the
mode of operation to "Auto“ after deenergizing the inputs P2.9 and P2.18.
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6.6
Function checks, operational settings during parallel
operation
(see section 7.3.4)
The prerequisite for the proper functioning of parallel operation is the commissioning of each voltage controller for independent operation.
The current transformer inputs must be connected and the CT/VT configuration
must be parameterized correctly. Each measuring VT reference must be from
the same side (high side, or low side) of their respective transformer.
The voltage controllers must be set to identical operating parameters for the reference voltage, bandwidth, time delay T1, and line compensation, if applicable
(LDC or Z Compensation, respectively). If the minimum circulating reactive current method is used, set stability to "0 %" and "Blocking Threshold" to "20 %".
During parallel operation, time delay T2 must never be set below 8 s! If T2
is turned off, then T1 can never be set below 8 s!
Settings can be performed in Manual and Auto operating mode.
Each controller must be assigned an address of its own on the CAN bus
(Configuration => Parallel Control => CAN address).
Each controller’s parallel operation must be turned to “On”
(Configuration => Parallel Control => Parallel Operation).
6.6.1
Parallel operation according to the principle of "circulating reactive
current"
Setting the interference variable (Stability)
Keep in mind that the circulating reactive current method does not use tap position to parallel! It is based upon a stability value used to balance the amount of
circulating reactive current between paralleled transformers.
Before beginning, note that the stability value for the controller is specific to the
individual transformer on which it is installed. The commissioning procedure to
find this value includes creating a desired circulating reactive current level to be
acted upon by the paralleled controllers. This can be achieved by commissioning transformers individually or in pairs.
Due to the ease of commissioning, the procedure that follows will include the
pairing method. If further information is needed for a more complex paralleling
commissioning, please contact Reinhausen mfg directly for support.
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Assuming two paralleled transformers, individually set both transformers to tap
positions where there is the least reactive current imbalance between the paralleled transformers so that both voltage controllers are in a balanced state
(bar graph display in normal position, the indication of "dU%" must be as close
to 0% as possible. Now switch the transformers to parallel operation and enable
parallel control, but leave them in a manual state. This can be done via the
menu or via one of the user programmable inputs if activated. After more than
one controller is in a parallel mode, the parallel LED above the LCD screen
should glow.
If paralleled transformers are relatively similar, the least circulating current or
imbalance is usually when paralleled transformers are on the same tap position. Regardless, all paralleled controllers can be viewed by pressing the
“Menu” key, “F5” for “Info”, and the right arrow key until the “Data on CANbus” screen is visible. Here, the voltage, bandcenter, real current, reactive current, and tap position of each controller can be viewed. Adjust the transformer
tap positions until the least imbalance is viewed. The tap positions may not be
equal between transformers!
Set the mode of operation to "Manual“ if not already in a manual state. The
transformers should remain in a stable state.
Attempt to create a circulating reactive current imbalance by raising one of the
two transformers by one voltage step and lowering the other of the two transformers by one voltage step. It is desired for both transformers to remain in a
manual state, but this may not always be the case if transformers naturally do
not share the loading equally.
Upon modification of the setting value "Stability", the value of the efficiency will
change in the last line of the help text. Continue adjusting the stability until the
display of the efficiency exceeds the preset value for the entire bandwidth by
approx. 0.2 to 0.3 %.
Example: If Bandcenter=120V and Bandwidth setting=±1.2 V, then “Eff”
should be around 2.2 % to 2.3 %
Each voltage controller should be set individually, but will likely be identical if paralleled transformers are very similar or identical. Select the "Auto" operating
mode for both voltage controllers. Both voltage controllers should control the
tap-changers back into their previous service positions. If the timer bar begins
to count again, the stability should be reduced until the transformers react so
that one transformer is controlled back and the other is just beyond bandedge.
This is indicated if the timer bar begins to count and then stops, then counts,
and so forth.
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So, if only one voltage controller responds while the imbalance exists, the stability should be increased. If the tap-changers are regulating out of sync ("pumping" or “hunting”), this setting needs to be reduced.
Setting the circulating reactive current blocking
(Overcurrent Bandwidth Threshold)
Switch over the paralleled voltage controllers to the "Manual" operating mode.
Manually separate the two paralleled transformers to the maximum separation
or imbalance allowed. Typically for very similar transformers, this will be two to
three steps difference.
Starting with the preset value of "20 %", begin decreasing the blocking threshold
towards a lower value in small steps until message "parallel operation failure"
appears (by default the alarm is set to 10s for parallel failure). Please wait up
to 10s between each incremental test.
WARNING! This setting is based off of the percentage of imbalance
according to the CT ratios. Therefore, this setting could vary significantly.
In some cases, this setting may be set up to 40%, but the user must understand and assume the risks with allowing such an imbalance between paralleled transformers.
All voltage controllers will block all further regulating actions.
Now reset the blocking threshold again towards a higher value until the message "Parallel operation failure" disappears. The controller should now not
block at the allowable tap difference, but block at any greater difference. Again
switch the voltage controller back to the "Auto" operating mode. The motordrive will automatically adjust the paralleled transformers within half the allowable imbalance. So, if the transformers are very similar, the motor-drives should
be controlled within one tap position of each other.
This blocking setting may be different for each paralleled controller if the transformers naturally do not share the load perfectly equal even under ideal conditions. Therefore, please adjust each controller independently.
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Disturbances during parallel operation
If one or all of the controllers signal "Parallel operation failure" even though the
control inputs are properly connected for all controllers, the following causes
may be present:
•
Interruption of the data communication between the controllers. Check the
data lead in that respect
•
A controller is not functional
•
Different methods of parallel operation were selected
•
The bandwidth threshold of the circulating reactive current was exceeded
•
Incorrect controller addressing
By default, the controllers will block under any of the above conditions, but the
user can change this behavior. If the “Absent CAN Bus Behavior” is changed
from “Blocking” to “Independent” within the “Parallel Control” “Configuration”
option, then the controller will operate in an independent state if a failure is
sensed.
6.6.2
Parallel operation in accordance with the principle of "Master/
Follower tap synchronization or Autosynchronism"
Select the corresponding method and determine which one of the controllers
will assume master function and which of the controllers will assume follower
function (see section 7.3.4). Each controller should have positive position
knowledge input as preconfigured by Reinhausen Manufacturing. Match the tap
positions of each paralleled transformer and then place them in “Auto”. The follower controller will match tap positions with the master within 8 seconds of a
sensed tap position difference. Only the master regulates according to the measured voltage.
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Disturbances during parallel operation with the principle of "Master/
Follower tap synchronization or Autosynchronism"
If one or all of the controllers signal "Parallel operation failure" even though the
control inputs are properly connected for all controllers, the following causes
may be present:
•
Interruption of the data communication between the controllers. Check the
data lead in that respect
•
A controller is not functional
•
Different methods of parallel operation were selected
•
Multiple or no masters assigned
•
A tap difference of greater than one position or no tap position data at all
•
Incorrect controller addressing
•
More than one paralleling group input is active.
By default, the controllers will block under any of the above conditions, but the
user can change this behavior. If the “Absent CAN Bus Behavior” is changed
from “Blocking” to “Independent” within the “Parallel Control” “Configuration”
option, then the controller will operate in an independent state if a failure is
sensed.
6.6.3
Setting the time delay for the message "Parallel operation failure"
(see section 7.3.4)
6.6.4
"Tap direction turned" setting
(see section 7.3.4)
Since a comparison of the tap positions of the transformers jointly engaged in
parallel operation is performed during parallel operation in accordance with the
principle of "Master/Follower tap synchronisation", it is imperative to maintain
identical position knowledge for all these transformers, and to ensure that the
"Higher" and "Lower" signals will affect identical voltage changes in all the transformers.
If this is not the case, i.e. if the phenomenon appears that the follower controller(s) switch(es) in the opposite direction of the master controller's tapping
direction, proceed by changing the setting of this parameter from "standard"
to "turned".
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7
Parameterization
7.1
NORMset
Activating the NORMset function
Menu => NORMset => NORMset Activation
This function basically allows the controller to automatically adjust its own bandwidth settings. If the
user already has confidence in his/her desired settings, then please skip to section 7.2. The term
"NORMset" function stands for an automatism
which considerably simplifies the parametering of a
voltage controller. The only thing left to do for the
operator when commissioning during the NORMset
mode is to enter the reference voltage level and, if required, the CT/VT values
and subsequently take the device into operation.
All other parameters required for simple voltage regulation will be preassigned at
the factory (e. g. bandwidth of 1 %). Should the actual value exceed the set bandwidth, an appropriate switching operation will be initiated at the tap-changer.
The voltage change ensuing from the switching operation corresponds to the transformer’s tap voltage
and is checked for plausibility by the controller,
using the preset bandwidth. The bandwidth value is
then corrected and optimized in accordance with the
results gleaned from this check.
If the next system deviation occurs, the new bandwidth will be used as basis, which will be rechecked
and readjusted, if necessary.
Should the marginal conditions change, the controller will again optimize itself automatically.
It works without saying that mains-specific and/or customer-specific settings
such as LDC, parallel operation, or position display can still be changed in the
standard mode and will be taken into consideration during determination of the
optimum parameters.
The parameters for undervoltage/overvoltage and overcurrent are not set by
the NORMset function. If required, these parameters have to be entered manually during commissioning/initiation.
The NORMset function is deactivated during parallel operation.
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Setting the reference voltage level (NORMset)
Menu => NORMset => Reference voltage level 1
Setting range: 100...135.0 V
Setting the primary voltage (NORMset)
Menu => NORMset => Primary voltage
Setting range: 0...999.0 kV
Setting the secondary voltage (NORMset)
Menu => NORMset => Secondary voltage
Setting range: 100...135.0 V
7.2
Setting the parameters
This chapter describes all settings required in regulating functions and monitoring tasks.
To make specific parameters easier to find, subgroups were created which contain functionally
related individual parameters. For applications
when all that is needed is basic regulation without
metering, tap position knowledge, paralleling,
supervisory control, or any other special feature, the
user may find that all further menu options beyond
the “Parameter” settings can be ignored.
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7.2.1
Regulation parameters
This sub-group comprises all standard parameters
required for the regulating function.
Setting the reference voltage level 1 (bandcenter)
and alternate voltage level 2/3/4 (typically used
for voltage reduction schemes)
Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter =>
Reference voltage level 1 and alternate voltage
level 2/3/4
Setting range: 100.0...135.0 V
The setting of the reference voltage level refers
either to the secondary or to the primary voltage side of the voltage transformer
connected to the TAPCON® 250.
The secondary voltage is displayed in Volt (V), the primary voltage in kilovolt
(kV).
Correct input of the voltage transformer data is a prerequisite for proper display
of the reference voltage levels or of the actual voltage level in kV. See section
7.3.1 for instructions to set measurement transformer data.
The alternate voltage levels 2 or 3 will be activated in the presence of a continuous signal at the corresponding GPI (User Programmable Input) at P2.9,
P2.13, P2.17, or P2.18 if activated. Note that AVL 4 is activated if two inputs for
AVL 2 and AVL3 are simultaneously energized. See section 7.4 for more information about GPIs..
Please bear in mind that the correct display of the primary voltage depends on
the correct input of the voltage transformer data (see section 7.3.1).
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Setting the Absolute Bandwidth
This setting indicates which type of bandwidth value
to use. If set to ON, it will make the absolute voltage
“Bandwidth (V)” setting valid and the “Bandwidth
(%)” (shown in next paragraph) invalid.
Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter =>
Absolute Bandwidth
ON: Absolute values
OFF: Percentage values
Setting the Bandwith (%)
This is one of two bandwidth options. If the “Absolute Bandwidth” is set to “ON”, this setting is ignored.
Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter =>
Bandwidth (%)
Setting range: 0.5...9%
You may set the bandwidth "B" from 0.5 % to 9 % in
steps of 0.01 %.
The transformer’s step voltage must be known to
ensure proper setting of this value.
Regulating range (%)
Regulating range (%)
B (%) = --------------------------------------------------- = --------------------------------------------------No. of steps
No. of Positions - 1
For increased regulating sensitivity it is also possible to set lower values,
although it is highly inadvisable to go beneath 60% of the computed value. If the
measuring-circuit voltage is altered far enough during operation to exceed the
set bandwidth, an output pulse will be generated according to the set delay time.
This is shown by a consecutive filling-in of the time bar in the operating display.
Simultaneously, the time left over until emission of the output pulse is displayed.
If no compensation occurs for more than 15 min, the "function monitoring" alarm
will respond if activated (see chapter 7.2.2). The alarm will not be reset until the
deviation falls short of the set limit.
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Setting the Bandwith (V)
This is one of two bandwidth options. If the “Absolute Bandwidth” is set to “OFF”, this setting is
ignored.
Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter =>
Bandwidth (V)
Setting range: 0.5...10 V
Setting the Voltage Offset
In cases where the measured voltage value is less
than the actual regulated voltage on a system, up to
20V in increments of 0.1V can be added to the measured voltage value in order to compensate for any
losses. This is a base voltage offset that is always
applied to the actual voltage measurement. When
set to 0.0V, no offset is applied.
Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter =>
Voltage Offset
Setting range: 0.0...20 V
Setting the delay time T1
Menu => Parameter => Regulation parameter =>
T1 delay time
Setting range: 1 ... 600s
The delay time starts as soon as the regulating deviation exceeds the set bandwidth limits above or
below.
At the same time, the time bar graph fills in from bottom to top and the time left until emission of the control pulse is displayed. If the
regulating deviation is still present after the delay time has elapsed, an output
pulse is emitted. If the deviation returns to within bandwidth limits within the
delay time, then the current delay time will, starting from the time already
elapsed, be deleted against Zero. While this is going on, the absolute time display will be disappearing from the display. At the same time, the time bar graph
is displayed as a hatched line permanently decreasing in size.
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If the regulating deviation again exceeds the set bandwidth limits during deletion, the time delay will, starting from the remaining time, be started anew.
Menu => Parameter => Regulating parameter => T1
Control mode
The delay time T1 can be set with linear or integral
response.
If a delay time with integral response "Integral" is
set, the delay time is automatically shortened
according to the relation of actual system deviation
to set bandwidth (B), down to a minimum of 1s.
Regulating deviation
Parameter T1 integral
Reaction time of the controller
Figure 10 ΔU/E -voltage change ΔU in % of the desired value, in relation to the
set bandwith in % to the reference voltage level
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Setting the delay time T2
Menu => Parameter => Regulating parameter =>
T2 activation
The delay time T2 will become effective only if more
than one consecutive tap change is required for
reduction of the control deviation below the bandwidth limit.
The first output pulse is emitted after the set delay
time T1, whereas the other pulses required for compensation will be emitted after the set delay time T2.
Menu => Parameter => Regulating parameter =>
T2 delay time
Setting range: 1...60 s
During operation, the delay time T2 must be greater than the maximum running time of the motor-drive. This is most important for the case of automatic
passage of positions.
If paralleling transformers, T2 should never be set for less than 8s.
7.2.2
Limit values
This sub-group comprises all parameters required
for the monitoring of limiting values.
The voltage limiting values can be set as absolute
values. For overcurrent, the percentage value refers
to the set rated current of the current transformer.
Setting the undervoltage blocking (U<)
Undervoltage blocking prevents tap-change operations in the event of a network breakdown. The voltage controller output pulses are blocked and the red
LED lamp "U<" responds when the measuring voltage falls below the set blocking value.
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The LED will not respond in case of a failure of either the measuring voltage
and/or the supply voltage (< 30 V) (this standard setting can be cancelled: see
parameter "U< also under 30 V" at the end of the limit values menu).
Setting the limiting values for undervoltage
blocking as absolute value.
When converting the display to kV (F3 key), this
value can be set in reference to the primary CT/VT
voltage, whereas if the display is set to V this value
will be in reference to the secondary voltage.
Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U < Undervoltage (V)
Setting range: 95...135 V
Setting the overvoltage detection (U>) with automatic return control
(“First-House Protection”)
In the event of an overvoltage detection response, the tap-changer is operated
by periodic pulses to the motor-drive until the overvoltage falls below the
response threshold.
The motor-drive is controlled by periodic pulses through the "Lower" output
relay with 1.5 s delay time between pulses (the pulse time can be set in the Configuration menu) while the set delay time remains inactive during this operation.
At the same time the "U>" LED lamp responds.
If the voltage controller regulates towards a higher voltage than the set limit U>
due to an unfavorable parametering (e.g. too high LDC settings), it is prevented
from exceeding the limit. An unadjustable operating state is signaled by the signaling alarm through SCADA protocol for "function monitoring", after 15 minutes.
Setting the limiting value for overvoltage detection as absolute value.
When converting the display to kV (F3 key), this
value can be set in reference to the primary CT/VT
voltage, whereas if the display is set to V this value
will be in reference to the secondary voltage.
Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U> Overvoltage (V)
Setting range: 100...140 V
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Setting the overcurrent blocking (I>)
Overcurrent blocking prevents tap-change operations in the presence of excessive overcurrent.
The voltage controller output pulses are blocked
and the red "I>" LED lamp responds when the measured current exceeds the set blocking value.
Menu => Parameter => Limit values =>
l> Overcurrent
Setting range: 50...210 %
The value will refer to the rated current of the current transformer.
Function monitoring
The message "function monitoring" will be emitted
to supervisory control if a regulating deviation lasting 15 min is detected by the controller which is not
eventually compensated. Use this parameter to
suppress the message (= Off) to avoid the generation of an error message while the transformer is
switched off and while at the same time the message has not been suppressed at U< 30 V (see the
following paragraph).
Menu => Parameter => Limit values => Function
monitoring
Delayed response of the message
undervoltage U<
Set a delayed response time for this message to
avoid the immediate generation of a message in the
event of short-term voltage drops.
Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U< delay
time
Setting range: 0...20 s
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Deactivating the undervoltage blocking
It is possible to deactivate the blocking of "Lower"
output pulses in the event of a shortfall of the undervoltage threshold. In that case, only a message will
be emitted.
Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U< Blocking
Suppressing the undervoltage message
Suppress the message Undervoltage U< to avoid
the generation of an error message while the transfor-mer is switched off (= measuring voltage U< 30
V).
Menu => Parameter => Limit values => U< under
30 V
Setting the hunting alarm limit
A limit can be set for the number of Raise/Lower
commands given by the unit in Automatic mode.
This can be set between 0-100, 0 being off.
This alarm does not require the use of the counter
inputs on P2.11/12. When activated, the programmable alarm will be toggled if set for Hunting Alarm.
Menu => Parameter => Limit values => Hunting
alarm limit
Setting range: 0...100
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7.2.3
Line compensation
The line-drop compensation (LDC), i.e. the inclusion
of the voltage drop of a line connected to the transformer in the regulating process, can be accomplished in two different ways.
Comparison between Line-Drop- and Z-Compensation
Application of the vectorial compensation (LDC):
•
requires knowledge of the exact line data
•
permits an accurate compensation of the line voltage drops
Application of the Z-compensation:
•
can be used in the case of minor shifts of the phase angle ϕ
•
can be also used in meshed network applications..
For the correct setting of the LDC it is necessary to calculate the resistive and
inductive line voltage drop in relation to the secondary side of the voltage
transformer in V and the correct setting of the existing measuring configuration according to paragraph 7.3.1.
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7.2.3.1
Line-Drop Compensation (LDC)
Calculation of the required values
R CT
R CT
U x ( V ) = I N ⋅ ----------- ⋅ x ⋅ L U r ( V ) = I N ⋅ ----------- ⋅ r ⋅ L
R VT
R VT
Where
Ur = LDC setting for resistive line voltage drop in V
Ux = LDC setting for inductive line voltage drop in V
IN = Rated current in A of the selected current transformer connection to the voltage controller, i.e. 0.2 A
RCT = Current transformer ratio, e.g. 200 A/0.2 A
RVT = Voltage transformer ratio, e.g.
30000V
⁄ 3----------------------------100V
r = Ohmic resistance of line in W / km per phase
x = Inductive reactance of line in W / km per phase
L = Length of line in km
If the active voltage drops Ur and reactive voltage drops Ux are set correctly,
then the line end voltage will remain constant regardless of load.
Setting the resistive voltage drop Ur
Menu => Parameter =>
Compensation =>
Ur - Line-Drop Compensation
Setting range: 0...25 V
Set the calculated resistive voltage drop in the
Ur display. The effect of the compensation can be
reversed by 180° (minus sign preceding the setting).
If no compensation is desired, then the value "0" is to be set.
LDC and Z-Compensation can be operated simultaneously.
Set the parameters of the compensation method not in use to "0".
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Setting the inductive voltage drop Ux
Menu => Parameter => Compensation =>
Ux - Line Compensation
Setting range: 0...25 V
Set the calculated inductive voltage drop in the Ux
display.
The effect of the compensation can be reversed by
180° (minus sign preceding the setting).
If no compensation is desired, then the value "0" is to be set.
7.2.3.2
Z-Compensation
For correct setting of the parameters the voltage rise (ΔU) has to be calculated
in consideration of the current.
Calculation of the required setting values:
U Tr – U Load I N ⋅ R CT
ΔU ( % ) = 100 ⋅ ---------------------------------- ⋅ ---------------------U Load
I
Where
ΔU = Setting of Z-Compensation in %
UTr = Transformer voltage at current I
ULoad = Line end voltage at current I and with the same service position of the
tap-changer
I = Load current in A
IN = Rated current in A of the selected current transformer connection to the
voltage controller, i.e. 0.2 A
RCT = Current transformer ratio, e.g. 200 A/0.2 A
Setting the voltage rise
Menu => Parameter => Compensation =>
Z-Compensation
Setting range: 0 ... 15 %
Set the calculated percentage of the voltage rise,
referred to the reference voltage level.
If no compensation is desired, the value "0" is to
be set.
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Setting the limiting value for ΔU (LIMIT)
If a certain compensation is desired while excessive
transformer voltage rises (e. g. in case of an unusually high load) shall be avoided the max. permissible
voltage rise referred to the reference voltage level
can be set.
Menu => Parameter => Compensation =>
Z-Comp. Limit
Setting range: 0 ... 15 %
7.3
Setting of configuration
This chapter treats all settings relevant in the
configuration of system-specific data. To make specific parameters easier to find, sub-groups were created which contain functionally related individual
parameters.
7.3.1
Data of Measuring Transformer (CT/VT data)
The transformation ratios and measuring set-ups of the voltage and current
transformers used can be set in the corresponding displays by pressing the F1,
F4 and F5 function keys.
Setting the primary VT voltage
This is the primary voltage rating of the potential
(voltage) measuring transformer as connected
(Line-to-Neutral or Line-to-Line)
Menu => Configuration => Data of meas. Trf. =>
Primary voltage
Setting range: 0...999.9 kV
A decimal point can be inserted by pressing the
“F3” key.
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Setting the secondary VT voltage
This is the secondary setting of the
voltage measuring transformer.
NOTE: This is not to be confused with the reference
voltage level or bandcenter.
Menu => Configuration => Data of meas. Trf. =>
Secondary voltage
Setting range: 100...135 V
Example setting:
VT ratio = 60:1, then likely primary VT setting = 6.9kV, likely secondary VT
setting = 115V
Setting the primary CT current
This is the actual rating of the measurement CT primary. Since this is usually measured from the transformer bushing, it can be easily read from there and
is sometimes referred to as the LDC CT.
Menu => Configuration => Data of meas. Trf. =>
Primary current
Setting range: 1...10,000 A
There is no setting for secondary CT current because the secondary is
understood to be a 0.2 A rating. Reinhausen manufacturers a 8.66 A/
5 A:0.2 A auxiliary current transformer, MR-169, if needed. If a current larger
than 0.2 A continuously flows through into the TAPCON® 250, it could be
damaged, resulting in severe injury or death to personnel and damage to surrounding equipment.
CAUTION
The standard value preset at the factory is 0 ampere, i. e. 0 ampere will be displayed for metering purposes even in the presence of a current unless the CT
data is entered, but regulation is not affected.
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Setting the phase angle of current/ voltage
transformer
Settings of the conventional measuring circuits in
accordance with Figure 10.
Menu => Configuration => Data of meas. Trf. =>
Instr. transformer circuit
Setting options:
•
-30 3PH
•
0 3PH
•
+30 3PH
•
+90 3PH
•
0 1PH
•
0 3PHN
•
+120 3PHN
•
-120 3PH
If using LDC or paralleling transformers via a circulating current method, it is
absolutely necessary that correct phase angle relationships are entered.
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Figure 11
Measurement circuits
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If the user is uncertain about the actual phase relationship, the controller can
be helpful. With each transformer in independent operation, press “Menu”,
“F5” for “Info”, and then the right arrow key one time to view “Meas Values”.
Compare the phase angle measured with other substation metering equipment and adjust accordingly. Keep in mind that reversed CT polarity will shift
the phase angle by 180 degrees. Whenever the correct phase angle settings
are entered, calculated values available on the third line of the main display
should be close to those seen on other metering devices. For example, if the
load is near unity power factor, the phase angle shown in the “Info” screen
will be approximately the phase relationship between the VT and CT. This
correct power factor should be accurate when scrolling the third line of the
main display.
7.3.2
General
Setting the desired display language
Menu => Configuration => General => Language
Controller identification
Controller identification serves as the identification
characteristic of a TAPCON® voltage controller.
Its task is to ensure that a connection is established
between the visualization software and a specifically defined voltage controller.
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During online communication, this controller identification is inquired by the software running on the PC and subsequently compared with the existing controller
data. This allows an accurate classification of the data and/or parameters.
Menu => Configuration => General => Controller identification
Controller identification is comprised of a four-digit string usually preset at the
factory as the last four digits of the device serial number.
Setting the transmission speed
Menu => Configuration => General => Setting the
baudrate (front COM2 port)
Setting the baud rate for data transmission to the
visualization software at the voltage controller front
RS232 interface.
Adjustable values:
•9,600 Baud
•19,200 Baud
•38,400 Baud
•57,600 Baud
Many laptops have a default speed of 9.6 kBaud. To ensure best connection,
the user should confirm maximum possible speed in his/her laptop hardware
settings each time the RS232 or RS232 to USB adapter cable is connected.
Conversion of the voltage displays from kV to V
Conversion of the voltage displays causes the reference voltage level and the actual voltage level in the
main display to be converted to either kV or V.
Menu => Configuration => General => Display kV/V
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Conversion of the current displays from % to A
Conversion of the current displays causes the
desired current level and the actual current level in
the main display to be converted to either % or A.
Menu => Configuration => General => Display %/A
Setting the pulse duration during tapping
operations
Menu => Configuration => General => pulse time
The pulse duration can be changed within a range
of 0 ... 10 s. Please extend the pulse time if the
motor-drive mechanism refuses to start up in the
standard setting. If the motor-drive mechanism performs too many tap changes during one pulse,
reduce this setting until proper results are achieved.
By default, this is set to 1.5 seconds.
CAUTION
If the pulse duration is set to 0 s, a continuous signal will be emitted.
Setting the demand interval
Menu => Configuration => General =>
Demand Interval
Setting options:
15 min, 30 min, 60 min
This setting is used to mock an analog peak recording thermal demand meter and is the time after
which 90 % of steady state load has been reached.
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Setting of the motor runtime
Menu => Configuration => General => Motor runtime
The running time of the motor drive unit is monitored
by the voltage controller via the counter inputs.
When a signal is queued longer than specified on
the input to be defined by the customer, the voltage
controller generates an error message.
The permissible running time of the motor drive unit
can be set between 0 and 20 seconds.
When "0 s" is set, runtime monitoring is disabled.
Reverse power flow mode
Menu => Configuration => General => Reverse
power flow mode
The programmed action will take place when a
reverse power flow is sensed. Note that sometimes
during commissioning , reverse power flow may be
indicated if CT polarity is reversed or VT/CT phase
relationship is incorrectly entered.
Options
•ignore
•block
•to neutral
Pulsed/Non-pulsed operation
The TAPCON® 250 is capable of allowing the user to choose the type of interface for the unit's local/remote and auto/manual functions. This comes in the
form of two options, Pulsed and Non-pulsed.
Pulsed allows for full functionality of the front control panel keys. Keys are made
active and available to be used for choosing a mode of operation. The selected
mode is indicated by an accompanying LED.
In the case of Auto/Manual, the pulsed option also allows for control via a
selected communication protocol. However, the control functions are not
accepted while the unit is in local mode.
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Non-pulsed allows for the use of an input contact signal for selecting a desired
mode. This is an analog input. The respective front control panel keys are for
indication only and cannot be toggled through a communication protocol.
Local/Remote input
Menu => Configuration => General => Local/
Remote input
This setting indicates the method by which local and
remote modes will be selected.
When "Pulsed" is selected, the REMOTE key is
made active on the front panel. An illuminated LED
indicates when in Remote mode.
NOTE: This mode cannot be changed through a communications control command.
When "Non-pulsed" is selected, the REMOTE key is inactive and used for indication only. This mode can only be changed by an input to P2.27.
Manual/Auto input
Menu => Configuration => General => Manual/Auto
input
This setting indicates the method by which manual
and automatic modes will be selected.
When "Pulsed" is selected, the MANUAL and AUTO
keys are made active on the front panel. An illuminated LED indicates the selected mode.
NOTE: This mode can be changed through a communications control command if also in Remote mode.
When "Non-pulsed" is selected, the MANUAL and AUTO keys are inactive and
used for indication only. This mode can only be changed by an input to pin
P2.26.
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7.3.3
User I/Os – General Purpose User Programmable Inputs/Outputs
In this submenu, the operator can set the functionality of the four user programmable inputs located at
P2.9, P2.13, P2.17, and P2.18 and/or set the indication criteria for the user-programmable general purpose alarm located between P2.20 and P2.22.
7.3.3.1
User-Programmable Inputs (GPIs)
These digital inputs are typically enabled by connecting it to the nominal +12
VDC wetting source (Pin P2.10), through an external contact. Any of four GPIs
(GPI 1, 2, 3, and 4) can be programmed with the following:
Options
•
Off – Input is not active
•
AVL2 (Alternate Voltage Level 2) – AVL2 will become active according to
programmed parameters.
•
The amount of alternate voltage implemented is determined by the setting in
the Parameter => Regulation param. menu.
•
AVL3 (Alternate Voltage Level 3) – AVL3 will become active according to
programmed parameters.
•
The amount of alternate voltage is determined by the setting in the Parameter
=> Regulation param. menu.
NOTE: Enabling both alternate voltage levels #2 and #3 inputs simultaneously
will result in the level of alternate voltage as specified on the alternate
voltage #4 setting in the Parameter => Regulation param. menu.
•
Parallel Group 1 – Activates paralleling group 1 according to “Parallel Control” settings. This input takes priority over the Parallel Group setting in
menu. “Parallel Control” must be set to “On” in the menu.
•
Parallel Group 2– Activates paralleling group 2 according to “Parallel Control” settings. This input takes priority over the Parallel Group setting in
menu. “Parallel Control” must be set to “On” in the menu.
NOTE: Enabling both Parallel Group 1 and Parallel Group 2 inputs simultaneously will result in a paralleling error.
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•
Auto Inhibit – As long as this contact is closed, the tap-changer will not time
out, thereby prohibiting raise and lower commands. After opening this contact all timers are reset and the controller starts with normal operation again
except in case of a voltage level change (see section 4.2.1.3).
•
Master/Follower – If set for this function and energized, the controller will
parallel transformers as a master device. If set for this function but not energized, the device will behave as a follower device. This input will take priority
over the “Parallel Control Method” selection in the “Parallel Control” submenu. “Parallel Control” must be set to “On” in the menu.
•
Remote voltage level active – If set and energized, a 4-20 mA analog signal
input at P2.35 and P2.36 can be used to set the voltage level bandcenter.
Once de-energized, the originally programmed bandcenter will be active.
This input uses the input normally reserved for tap position knowledge.
Therefore, tap position knowledge is not possible if this input is used for this
purpose. If remote voltage level is used, this input is always used.
•
Quicktap – If set and energized, the time delays T1 and T2 are completely
bypassed. Therefore, any time measured voltage exceeds the bandwidth
setting, the controller will give an immediate raise or lower response. This
feature should be carefully implemented and not used in Master/Follower
paralleling applications.
Setting the user-programmable input 1 (GPI 1):
Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => GPI 1
Choose behavior of input by selecting from list of
options previously described. It is activated by
applying 12VDC typically from P2.10 to P2.9.
Setting the user-programmable input 2 (GPI 2):
Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => GPI 2
Choose behavior of input by selecting from list of
options previously described. It is activated by
applying 12VDC typically from P2.10 to P2.13.
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Setting the user-programmable input 3 (GPI 3):
Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => GPI 3
Choose behavior of input by selecting from list of
options previously described. It is activated by
applying 12VDC typically from P2.10 to P2.17.
Setting the user-programmable input 4 (GPI 4):
Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => GPI 4
Choose behavior of input by selecting from list of
options previously described. It is activated by
applying 12VDC typically from P2.10 to P2.18.
7.3.3.2
User Programmable General Purpose Alarm
Menu => Configuration => User/IOs => User programmable Alarm
The signalling relay is energized as long as one or
more of the programmed alarms are present.
This menu represents a bitwise OR relation, i.e.
when one of set Alarms is active the user progr.
alarm relay will close
Any of four GPIs (GPI 1, 2, 3, and 4) can be programmed according to see Table 11
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Bit
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Alarm
Undervoltage
Overvoltage
Tap block lower
Tap block raise
Overcurrent
Reverse power flow
Alternate voltage level active
Sensor break AI-module
Parallel failure
Analog input failure (tap position or remote voltage level)
Hunting value exceeded
Table 11
7.3.4
Setting options for the programmable alarm
Parallel operation settings (option)
Parallel operation without system topology (optionally with system topology)
Parallel operation of 16 transformers max. without
system topology recognition. In this context, parallel
operation of all 16 transformers is possible either in
a busbar arrangement or in two groups.
Activation of parallel operation is optionally achieved via a user-programmable
input (GPI) or only via a setting in the menu.
Parallel control is possible in different ways:
•
Parallel operation according to the principle of "minimum circulating
reactive current"
•
Parallel operation according to the principle of tap-change synchronism
(Master-Follower)
•
Parallel operation according to the principle of tap-change autosynchronism
(Master-Follower selected automatically via addressing priority)
Selection of the desired parallel operation principle is effected via a menu window.
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Disabling Use of Parallel Operation
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control=> Parallel control enable
Completely deactivate paralleling functionality if not
used by pressing F1 and F5 function keys.
Setting options:
•Off = no parallel operation possible
•On = parallel operation is possible through selection of appropriate method (next section) and GPI
activation if applicable.
Setting of parallel operation method
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control => Parallel operation method
Set the desired parallel operation principle by pressing the F1 and F5 function keys.
Setting options:
•Circulating reactive = parallel operation following
the current principle of minimum circulating reactive current with CAN bus
connected directly between controllers
•
Master = Master/Follower principle: the controller assumes Master function
•
Follower = Master/Follower principle: the controller assumes Follower function
•
Synchr.Auto = Master/Follower principle: with this setting, the controller with
lowest CAN address of all other controllers is automatically selected as Master.
In each case, the voltage controllers engaged in parallel operation have to be
connected either via the CAN bus interface.
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The deactivation of paralleling is only necessary when the corresponding bus
tie breakers are opened. Therefore, main breaker status does not need to be
considered when toggling between parallel and independent states. In all
TAPCON® 250 methods LDC settings are not affected by transformer load
breaker states.
Please keep in mind that the CAN bus must be connected with a resistor of
120 Ohms at both ends (at the first and last controller). The resistor is
included in the scope of delivery.
Minimum a shielded AWG 20 cable is recommended with maximum
50 Ohms/km or 80 Ohms/mile.In this configuration the CANbus can be operated over a distance of 2 km or 1.2 miles. A Belden 8770 cable or equivalent
AWG 18 cable is typically recommended.
If substation ground potential is a concern or if it is desired to transmit data
between TAPCON® 250s over a greater distance, a CANbus to fiber optic converter is available. Please contact Reinhausen Manufacturing for more details.
Choice of paralleling group
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control => Paralleling group
By setting this parameter, the voltage controller can
determine in which group the associated transformer engaged in parallel operation is contained.
NOTE: If any GPI is programmed for either group 1
or group 2, this screen will default to the indication
of the GPI input.
Setting ranges:
None, Group 1, Group 2
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CAN Address
To permit controller communication via CAN bus,
each individual controller needs a separate identifier.
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control => CAN Address
Assign a number as address to each controller by
pressing the F1 or F5 function keys.
The values assigned as CAN address may range
between 1 and 127.
0 = no communication
Parallel operation according to the principle of "Master/Follower" (synchronism control)
The type of parallel operation can be set via the parameter "parallel operation"
(see above).
According to the settings made, one of the controllers is then elected as Master.
This controller assumes the measuring tasks and adjusts the tap-changer for
voltage compensation in the presence of deviations. Following a tap-change
operation, the Master proceeds to compare the Followers' tap-changer positions with its own via CAN bus and, if a discrepancy is noted, likewise initiates
readjustment of the Followers to an identical tap-changer position.
If a difference of two or more tap-changer positions is noted, the message "Parallel operation failure" will be emitted and automatic regulation will be blocked
unless this action is changed by the user in the “Absent CAN bus behavior”
option.
This method is suitable for transformers featuring identical electrical characteristics with available tap position information to the controller.
Parallel operation according to the principle of "minimum circulating
reactive current"
The circulating reactive current is computed from the transformer currents and
their respective phase angles. For correction of the measuring circuit voltage,
a voltage proportional to the circulating reactive current is applied to self-sufficiently operating controllers. This correction voltage can be either decreased or
increased through adjustment of the "stability" setting.
If an inadmissibly high circulating reactive current is detected, all tap-changers
involved will be reset after only 10 s, regardless of the delay time preset at the
controller.
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Setting the interference variable (Stability)
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control => Stability group 1
To set a stability value between 0 and 100, press the
function keys F1, F4 and F5. The stability value is a
variable used for determining the efficiency of the
circulating reactive current on the voltage controller.
If it is set to "0 %", no efficiency will be present.
For a circulating reactive current equal to the rated current of the current transformer, a setting value of 10 % would effect a voltage correction of 10 % for the
voltage controllers.
Changing the stability value automatically changes the efficiency value in the
help text. See section 6.6.1 for more details.
There are two Stability settings, group 1 and group 2. This allows the flexibility
of having individual paralleling settings for each group in the minimum circulating reactive current scheme.
Setting the admissible circulating reactive
current (blocking threshold)
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control => Blocking group 1
Set the blocking from 0.5 to 40 % (in relation to the
rated current of the current transformer) by pressing
the function keys F1 and F5. If the circulating reactive current exceeds the preset threshold value during parallel operation, the error message "Parallel
operation failure" will come on and all voltage controllers engaged in parallel
operation will be blocked. Optionally, the user can program the user-programmable contact between P2-20 and P2-22 to close upon sensing of this event.
The user assumes all risk if large circulating currents are allowed.
There are two settings for Blocking, group 1 and group 2. This allows the flexibility of having individual paralleling settings for each group in the minimum circulating reactive current scheme.
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Delay of error message
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control => Alarm
Setting range: 1 ... 30 s
A delay (1-30 s) can be set for emission of the message "Parallel operation failure" to avoid the generation of short-term error messages in the event of
run-time differences between the motor-drive mechanisms engaged in parallel operation.
Appearance of this error message will cause blocking of the automatic regulation, i.e. at this point tap-changer adjustment is no longer possible except in
manual mode.
Setting the tap direction
During parallel operation in accordance with the
Master/Follower principle, the tap direction has to
be turned if an adjustment of the transformer
towards a higher voltage causes a change in tap
position towards the lower tap positions.
In the standard setting, a switch operation in the
direction of a higher voltage will automatically cause
a tap increase.
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control => Tapping direction, turned
Absent CanBus Behavior
If a CAN bus failure occurs while the controller is in
Paralleling mode, it can either continue regulating in
an independent mode or switch into a blocking
mode.
Menu => Configuration => Continue =>
Parallel control => Absent CanBus Behavior
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7.3.5
LED selection
Use the settings of this sub-group to assign inputs
or functions to the five unoccupied LEDs.
Setting options:
Off, User Programmable Alarm, Neutral Position,
Operation Counter, GPI3, GPI2, GPI1, GPI4, Auto,
Remote, Lower, Raise, Undervoltage, Overvoltage,
Overcurrent, Failure Parallel Control, NoPos., Tap
block raise, Tap block lower, Circulating current,
Master, Follower, Bandwidth>, Bandwidth<, AI Sensor Break, Reverse Power Flow, AI Input Failure
Menu => Configuration =>
Continue => LED selection
=> LED1.. LED3
Upon activation, LEDs 1
through 3 will light up in
"yellow".
Labels can be easily applied to the white strip below the LEDs by pulling the tab
on the right side of the controller.
Menu => Configuration => Continue => LED selection => LED4 red / green
LED4 may light up either in
"red" or in "green", depending on the type of activation.
If both inputs are activated
simultaneously, the mixed
shade "yellow" will be created.
Menu => Configuration =>
Continue => LED selection
=> LED4 red / green
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7.4
Memory (Configuration of measured value storage function)
Use this sub-group for setting the measuring value
memory (event memory, write function).
Input of undervoltage threshold in absolute
values
Input in V relates to secondary CT/VT voltage
whereas input in kV relates to primary voltage.
If a shortfall of the preset threshold has occurred,
measuring values with high resolution will be stored
for the duration of the shortfall.
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Memory => U< memory
Input of overvoltage threshold in absolute
values
Input in V relates to secondary CT/VT voltage
whereas input in kV relates to primary voltage.
If a shortfall of the preset threshold has occurred,
measuring values with high resolution will be stored
for the duration of the shortfall.
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Memory => U> memory
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Setting the mean value memory intervals
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Memory => Mean value interval
CAUTION
Setting the mean value memory interval involves erasure of the complete
memory upon acknowledgement of a change.
The long-term memory of the TAPCON® 250 has a memory capacity of 8MB. It
is divided into the mean value memory and the event memory. The mean value
memory is used for storing intervals of 1 sec, 2 sec, 4 sec, 10 sec, 20 sec or 40
sec duration, depending on the setting. The operator can change this setting
individually. In the Memory submenu, press the "arrow right” key four times, until
screen 04 is displayed. At that point, the desired setting can be selected by
pressing the "F1” or "F5” keys. An outline of the maximum recording times,
using various different recording intervals, is shown in the subsequent example
no. 2.
Event memory
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Memory => Event memory
The event memory can be set for a range between
256kB and 2,048kB. In the Memory submenu, press
the "arrow right” key five times until screen 05 is displayed. At that point, the desired setting can be
selected by pressing the "F1” or "F5” keys.
All events involving an overshoot above or below the preset threshold values
are stored in the event memory at a higher resolution.
The maximum number of events, in relation to the event memory capacity, is
shown in the following table.
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Event memory capacity
256 kB
512 kB
1,024 kB
2,048 kB
Maximum no. of events
20
40
80
160
Table 12
Event memory capacity related to max. number of events
The following two examples show how the event memory works:
Figure 12
Example 1: The duration of an event is shorter than 5 minutes.
Memorization of the event starts 10 seconds before the actual event and ends
10 seconds thereafter.
Figure 13
Example 2: The duration of an event is longer than 5 minutes.
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Memorization of the high-resolution data starts 10 seconds before an event. If
the duration of an event is longer than 5 minutes, storage will continue at low
resolution. If the voltage enters back into the "normal range”, this occurrence is
considered a new event. The new event has a lead time of 10 seconds and an
overshoot time of 10 seconds.
The measurement recorder capacity, which is indicated in days, is shown in the
table below. Depending on mean value interval and event memory capacity,
it can last for a duration of up to 401 days.
Event memory capacity (kByte)
Mean value
interval(s)
256 kB
512 kB
1,024 kB
2,048 kB
1
10
9
8
7
2
20
19
17
14
4
40
38
35
29
10
100
96
89
73
20
201
193
178
147
40
401
386
356
295
Table 13
Storage times in days according to event memory capacity and mean value
interval(s)
Setting the system time
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Memory => Time
Press the "Right Arrow" key (screen 06) six times to
view the input field for the system time. Press the
"F4" function key to select the digit(s) you want to
edit and then press the "F1" and "F5" keys to set the
display forward or backward in one-step increments. The time format in "HH:MM:SS" is available
in a 24-hour format.
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Setting the system date
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Memory => Date
Press the "Right Arrow" key (screen 05) five times
to view the input field for the system date. Press the
"F4" function key to select the digit(s) you want to
edit and then press the "F1" and "F5" keys to set the
display forward or backward in one-step increments.
The date format is "MM/DD/YY" can be set to any date between 01/01/2001 and
12/29/2099.
7.5
Communication Interface (Optional Supervisory Control
Card)
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface
The communication interface module (CI-module)
serves for communication via different SCADA protocols. It can also be set to "TAPCON-trol" so that
the controller settings can be managed via the TAPCON-trol Visualization software and the four interfaces.
For available protocols and special documentation
on these protocols please contact Reinhausen
Manufacturing or www.tapcon250.com.
Setting the protocol of the communications
interface
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => CI Protocol
Setting options: TAPCON-trol, DNP3.0, MODBUS
RTU, MODBUS ASCII
When changing the type of protocol during operation it might take several minutes for the device
to apply this setting. During this time there will not be a visual response from the
device. However, it will remain in operation.
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Especially for MODBUS communication over Ethernet connection only MODBUS RTU is available. In conjunction with this, if the 'interface of the CI-module'
is set to Ethernet, the 'protocol of the CI-module' cannot be set to MODBUS
ASCII.
Setting the interface of the CI
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => CI Port
Options
•RS232
•RS485
•Ethernet
•Modem
•Optical fiber
Setting the baud rate of the CI
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => CI baud rate
Options
•9.6 kBaud
•19.2 kBaud
•38.4 kBaud
•57.6 kBaud
Note: If using TCP, baud rate is fixed at 19.2 kBaud.
Setting the IP Address (for TCP)
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => IP Address
Settings: User Specific
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Setting the TCP Port
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => TCP Port
Settings: Default is “1234”, but can be user
specific
Invert light wave of CI (Fiber Optic Application):
Menu =>Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => Light wave inverting
Off: logic low state equals light emission
On: logic low state equals no light emission
Setting the TAPCON®250 SCADA protocol
address
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => CI Address
For communication via SCADA protocols the controller has to be assigned a unique address.
Setting range: 1 ... 9999
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Setting the Master SCADA protocol address
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => Master Address
For communication via SCADA protocols the controller can be programmed for use with a specific
master address.
Setting range: 0 ... 9999 (default is 0)
Note: Only necessary for unsolicited messages in
DNP3 protocol
SCADA protocol unsolicited messages (DNP3):
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => Unsolicited messages
The transmission of unsolicited messages for DNP3
protocol can be deactivated with this parameter.
Setting the maximum number of unsolicited
retries (DNP3):
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => Unsolicited Retries
Set the max number of unsolicited retries for DNP3
use only.
Setting the application confirmation and unsolicited confirmation timeout (DNP3):
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => Application Conf. Timeout
Set the application confirm and the unsolicited confirmation timeout (only DNP3)
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Setting the RS485 delay time
(if applicable):
Menu => Configuration => 2x Continue =>
Comm. Interface => Send delay
Note: This setting is necessary for most RS485
converters.
7.6
Analog Input (for Tap position and Remote Voltage Level)
options (optional feature)
If the controller is equipped with an analog input
card, the controller is capable of using analog input
information at P2.35 through P2.37 for tap position
input/output or remote voltage level control. If
remote voltage level control is active, then tap position knowledge is not possible.
NOTE: For analog position information (potentiometer, current loop) all interconnections from and to
the TAPCON® AI-module must be shielded.
7.6.1
Remote Voltage Level Options
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Remote volt level
In this submenu, the operator can activate the remote voltage level capability
and define the correlation of analog input to voltage bandcenter. By default, the
controller is set for a 0-20 mA tap position signal directly related to a 100 to
135 VAC bandcenter. As the analog input varies from its minimum to maximum
value, the bandcenter incrementally changes as well. When deactivated, the
controller regulates according to programmed parameters in the “Regulation
Parameters” menu.
NOTE: The user should take notice of the “Limit Values” settings when changing voltage level (bandcenter).
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Activating the remote voltage level capability
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Remote volt level => Remote voltage level
If this is turned on, the tap position options will automatically be set to “Off”.
Options
•Off
•On
Setting the minimum limit for remote voltage
level analog input
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Remote volt level => AI Lower Limit
Setting range: 0 to 100%
The setting is based on a 20 mA scale. Therefore, a
minimum signal of 4mA would mean this setting
should be set for 20% because 4 mA is 20% of
20 mA.
Setting the maximum limit for remote voltage
level analog input
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Remote volt level => AI Upper Limit
Setting range: 0 to 100%
The setting is based on a 20 mA scale. Therefore, a
maximum signal of 20 mA would mean this setting
should be set for 100% because 20 mA is 100% of
20 mA.
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Setting the remote voltage level minimum limit
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Remote volt level => Remote volt. level min
Setting range: 100 to 135VAC
The setting is based on the analog input minimum.
Therefore, the lowest analog input would represent
this voltage and cause the bandcenter to shift to this
value. The controller then would regulate towards
this value.
Setting the remote voltage level maximum limit
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Remote volt level => Remote volt. level max
Setting range: 100 to 135VAC
The setting is based on the analog input maximum.
Therefore, the maximum analog input would represent this voltage and cause the bandcenter to shift
to this value. The controller then would regulate
towards this value.
7.6.2
Tap Position Options
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue => Tap pos. options
In this submenu, the operator can set the settings for both tap position input and
tap position output via the optional analog interface module (AI-module).
Without an AI-module, only tap position information by "Keep Track" is available.
NOTE: After the installation, the complete tap position range should be passed
through in order to check the correct display on the controller.
Setting the tap position indication
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Tap pos. indication
Options
•OFF
•Keep Track
•AI (optional)
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Setting the tap position minimum
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Tap pos. min
Setting range: 50L...1R or -50…..+1
Setting the tap position maximum
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Tap pos. max
Setting range: 1L...140 R or 1…140
Setting the present tap position (for Keep Track
Applications)
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Present Tap Pos.
Only applicable for tap position information via
"Keep Track".
AI lower limit
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => AI Lower limit
Setting range:
Setting for 0...1 mA and 0...20 mA = 0.0 %
Setting for 4...20 mA and Potentiometer = 20.0 %
Hint: This may be adjusted for special applications
where position transducers’ minimum limit is not
0 or 4mA.
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AI upper limit
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => AI Upper limit
Setting for 0...1 mA, 0...20 mA, 4...20 mA and
Potentiometer = 100.0 %
Hint: This may be adjusted for special applications
where position transducers‘ maximum limit is not
perfectly 1mA, 20mA or whatever maximum analog
signal is expected.
Tap position output range
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Tap pos. output range
The position information can be directly forwarded
to an external indicator by a constant current
source. The max. burden for 0...1 mA are
10 kOhms, the max. burden for 4...20 mA are 500
Ohms.
Options
•Off
•0...1 mA
•4...20 mA
Tap limit block mode
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Tap limit block mode
Options
•Off
•Direct. dep. = dependent on direction (Only tap
change operations exceeding the actual tap block
limit are prohibited. When the actual position is 16L
and the tap block limit is set to 16L, for example, the
controller will block operation towards 17L. Operation
towards 15L is not blocked.)
•Direct. indep. = independent on direction (When
the tap block limit is reached, all further operations
will be blocked independent of direction.)
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Setting the tap block limit lower
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Tap block lower
Setting range: 50L...1R or -50…+1
Setting the tap block limit raise
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Tap block raise
Setting range: 1 L...140 R or 1…140
Setting the tap position display format
Menu => Configuration => 3x Continue =>
Tap pos. options => Tap position display L/R
If set to “On”, the tap position will be displayed in
U.S. format with “L” or “R” for lower or raise. If set to
“Off”, the tap position will be displayed with standard
“-“ or “+” formatting.
Options
•Off
•On
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7 Parameterization
7.7
Information
Consult this menu point to find information on the
voltage controller and the measuring values.
Sub-groups with related information were assembled to facilitate the search.
Consult this sub-group to retrieve information on the voltage controller.
Info
Menu => Info
Line 1 : Type designation
Line 2 and 3: Software version and its date of issue
Line 4 to the left: EEPROM size
Line 4 to the right: Internal controller ID number
Line 5 and 6: Size of the built-in RAM and flash
memory
Measuring values
Menu => Info => 1x Arrow right
The actual unadjusted values that the controller is
reading can be found here. It can be very useful
when troubleshooting.
Note: The third line displays r.m.s. current as a % of
the input.
Example: 50% input = 50% of the CT, so a
2000:0.2 A CT input would mean the load current is
1000 A.
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7 Parameterization
LED-test
Menu => Info => 2x Arrow right
An LED function test can be performed in accordance with the instructions indicated. Press the
“Enter” key to test all LEDs at once.
This test involves only the LED itself, not the function behind it!
Input-/output-status
Menu => Info => 3x Arrow right
Status display of the inputs at the I/O module.
0= no presence of signal at input
1= presence of signal at input
AI-module status
Menu => Info => 4x Arrow right
The raw value in percent and the calculated, absolute value (in parentheses) for the AI module are displayed in the first and second line. If the analogue
input value is outside of the allowed setting range, a
question mark "?" will be displayed instead of the
calculated, absolute value.
Note: The second line will either display remote voltage level setting or tap position depending on which features are active.
The fourth line of the display shows the percent of tap position output if used.
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CI-module status
Menu => Info => 5x Arrow right
The screen shows which version of which software
is running, which data format is used and the
Ethernet module can be reset if there occur any
problems.
To reset the Ethernet module (if available), simultaneously press F3 and F4.
Parameter
Menu => Info => 6x Arrow right
Display indicating whether the parameter sets were
properly stored following a controller restart and/or
whether all parameters were properly stored following the recording of a parameter set.
If a parameter was not properly stored, it will be indicated as incorrectly stored and can be reset to a
standard factory setting by pressing the F1 key.
To reset all parameters to standard settings, press the F3 and F4 keys simultaneously.
RTC = Real Time Clock
Menu => Info => 7x Arrow right
When the voltage controller is started up for the first
time a counter is set in motion which continues to
run even while the controller is inactive. For the
visual display of measuring values, all of the counter's times will be over-written by the PC's times.
Parallel operation
Menu => Info => 8x Arrow right
Display of the controller number for parallel operation (= CAN address) and of the number of the
voltage controllers currently engaged in parallel
operation. This can be used to confirm if controller
CAN buses are communicated, regardless of
whether controllers are in a parallel state.
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7 Parameterization
Data on CAN Bus
Menu => Info => 9x Arrow right
Line configuration:
No. AAA: BBB CCC DDD EEE meaning:
AAA: CAN Address of the controller
BBB: Voltage in V
CCC: Active current in %
DDD: Reactive current in %
EEE: Tap position
Press F1 key to call up other information.
Menu => Info => 10x Arrow right
F:Group input 1
G:Group input 2
H:Circulating reactive current parallel operation
selected
I:Tap synchronization Master selected
J:Tap synchronization Follower selected
K:Tap synchronization Auto selected
L:controller intends to block the group due to a disturbance in parallel operation.
Menu => Info => 11x Arrow right
NOTE: This information is very helpful for troubleshooting paralleling. Please see the paralleling
commissioning instructions for more details.
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7 Parameterization
Storage of measured values
Menu => Info => 12x Arrow right
The voltage controller has a built-in long-term storage module.
The relevant storage information will be displayed in
this menu window. See the “Memory” settings for
more info.
Storage of peak values
Menu => Info => 13x Arrow right
Display of the minimum and maximum voltages and
tap positions occurred since the last reset (drag
hand function for voltage and tap position).
To reset the stored values to zero, press the F3 and
F4 keys simultaneously.
Peak memory
Menu => Info => 14x Arrow right
Display of the minimum and maximum apparent
current and power occurred since the last reset.
Peak memory
Menu => Info => 15x Arrow right
Display of the minimum and maximum real power (P)
and reactive power (Q) occurred since the last reset.
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7 Parameterization
Operation counter
Menu => Info => 16x Arrow right
Line 1 displays the Hunting counter.
Press F1 and F2 keys simultaneously to reset.
Line 2 displays the Operations counter.
Press F3 and F4 simultaneously to reset.
Line 3 displays the TOTAL Operations counter.
This counter cannot be reset.
Upcoming messages
Menu => Info => 17/18x Arrow right
Display of pending messages, e.g. undervoltage,
overvoltage or parallel control failure.
Present demand
Peak memory
Menu => Info => 19x Arrow right
Display of the minimum and maximum current and
power occurred since the last reset .
The demand metering functionality implemented in
the controller simulates the action of an analog
peak-recording thermal demand meter. For the time
settings see Configuration => General menu.
Maximum demand
Peak memory
Menu => Info => 19x Arrow right
Display of the minimum and maximum current and
power occurred since the last reset .
Display of the maximum demand occurred since the
last reset.
To reset the the stored values to zero, press the F3
and F4 keys simultaneously.
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7 Parameterization
Timetracer
Setting the write mode
Menu => Info => Arrow left
After execution of this key sequence the instrument
is now in the write mode (see illustration). After switchover to the write mode, the operator-set reference voltage level will automatically show up
roughly in the center of the screen. The units of the
voltages per unit are software-determined and can be altered by the operator.
If the write function is called up again, however, the parameterization-determined set values will again override any other settings. While in the write mode,
the settings for time axis, voltage range, return time and return date can be
determined as well.
Symbol explanation
1 = Reference voltage level, displayed in the bottom left-hand screen corner.
2 = Actual voltage level, displayed in the bottom left-hand screen corner.
The arrow will point up or down whenever the top/bottom values of the reference voltage level exceed the screen limits.
3 = Overvoltage/undervoltage bar, configurable.
4 = For the overvoltage values, the inscription in the display field always corresponds to the uppermost line.
5 = For the undervoltage values, the inscription in the display field always corresponds to the bottom-most line.
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6 = Shifting the time axis backward.
7 = Shifting the time axis forward.
8 = Increasing the set values in one-increment steps.
9 = Selection of the values to be set.
10 = Decreasing the set values in one-increment steps.
Setting the time axis
Menu => Info => Arrow left => 1x F4
e.g. 15 s
Press the "F4" function key once to view the input
field for the message times (see arrow). Press the
"F3" and "F5" function keys to set the display forward or backward in one-step increments (see
Table 14).
It is recommended to use the highest-possible resolution for the range displayed. The subdivision of
the time axis and the ensuing duration of the range displayed are shown in
Table 14.
Adjustable
steps
15 s
20 s
1 min
2.5 min
5 min
10 min
Display
3.5 min
7 min
14 min
35 min
70 min
140 min
Time steps and ensuing duration of the range displayed
Setting the voltage range
e.g. 0.5 V
Table 14
Menu => Info => Arrow left => 2x F4
Display in V:
Press the "F4" function key twice to view the input
field for the voltage range (see arrow). Here, the display is limited to the maximum and minimum voltage. Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to set the
display forward or backward in one-step increments.
The voltage range is subdivided in the following
steps: 0.5 V, 1 V, 2 V, 5 V, 10 V and 15 V per horizontal grid line.
e.g. 0.5 kV
7 Parameterization
Display in kV:
Press the "F4" function key twice to view the input
field for the voltage range (see arrow). Here, the display is limited to the maximum and minimum voltage. Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to set the
display forward or backward in one-step increments.
The voltage range is subdivided in the following
steps:
0.1 kV, 0.2 kV, 0.5 kV, 1 kV, 2 kV, 5 kV, 10 kV and 20
kV per horizontal grid line.
Setting the return time
Menu => Info => Arrow left => 3x F4
Press the "F4" function key three times to view the
input field for the return time (see arrow). This function is used to set the display back to a precise specific instant. Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to
set the display forward or backward in one-step
increments, and the "arrow left" and "arrow right"
keys to move the selection into the adjacent field.
The time input format is in HH:MM:SS and can be
set from the present time all the way back to the oldest time on file in the memory.
Setting the return date
Menu => Info => Arrow left => 4x F4
Press the "F4" function key four times to view the
input field for the return date (see arrow). This function is used to set the display back to a precise specific instant. Press the "F3" and "F5" function keys to
set the display forward or backward in one-step
increments, and the "arrow left" and "arrow right"
keys to move the selection into the adjacent field.
The date input format is in DD:MM:YY and can be
set from the present day all the way back to the oldest time file in the memory.
In case one of the past displays is no longer available in the long-term memory
(the read-only storage is deleted in blocks whenever the memory capacity is
exceeded), no curve will appear on the screen.
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8 Appendix
8
Appendix
8.1
Menu Screenshot Overview
See section 3.7 for specific details regarding the functionality of the buttons.
“F1” increases values where applicable..
“F3” inserts decimal points when applicable.
“F4” scrolls cursor position left when applicable
“F5” decreases values where applicable.
“MENU” will access the menu settings.
Figure 14
Function description of the buttons
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8 Appendix
Main group:
MENU key
Sub group:
F2-F5 key
Parameter in direction 1:
key
Parameter in direction n:
key
NORMSET
Parameter – Regulation param.
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8 Appendix
Main group:
MENU key
Sub group:
F2-F5 key
Parameter in direction 1:
key
Parameter in direction n:
key
Parameter – Limit values
Parameter – Compensation
Configuration – Data of meas. Trf.
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8 Appendix
Main group:
MENU key
Sub group:
F2-F5 key
Parameter in direction 1:
key
Parameter in direction n:
key
Configuration – General
Configuration – User I/Os
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8 Appendix
Main group:
MENU key
Sub group:
F2-F5 key
Parameter in direction 1:
key
Parameter in direction n:
key
Configuration – Continue – Parallel control
Configuration – Continue – LED selection
Configuration – Continue – Continue – Memory
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8 Appendix
Main group:
MENU key
Sub group:
F2-F5 key
Parameter in direction 1:
key
Parameter in direction n:
key
Configuration – Continue – Continue – Comm. Interface
Configuration – Continue – Continue – Continue – Remote volt level
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8 Appendix
Main group:
MENU key
Sub group:
F2-F5 key
Parameter in direction 1:
key
Parameter in direction n:
key
Configuration – Continue – Continue – Continue – Tap pos. options
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8 Appendix
Main group:
MENU key
Sub group:
F2-F5 key
Parameter in direction 1:
key
Parameter in direction n:
key
Info
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8 Appendix
Connection Diagram
120
CAN-H
CAN-GND
CAN-L
CAN-SHLD
120
CAN-P1: 4
CAN-P1: 1
CAN-P1: 3
!
CAN-P1: 2
CAN-GND
CAN-H
CAN-P1: 4
CAN-P1: 1
CAN-P1: 3
CAN-BUS
OHMS
!
Figure 15
TC 250
II
CAN-BUS
CAN-P1: 4
CAN-P1: 1
CAN-P1: 2
CAN-P1: 3
CAN-BUS
CAN-L
CAN-SHLD
TC 250
I
CAN-H
CAN-GND
CAN-L
CAN-SHLD
TC 250
I
CAN-P1: 2
8.2
OHMS
ATTENTION !
THE CAN BUS MUST BE CONNECTED WITH A TERMINATING
RESISTOR OF 120 OHM AT BOTH ENDS
(AT THE FIRST AND LAST CONTROLLER).
Connection diagram for direct TAPCON® 250 parallel operation via
CAN bus
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8 Appendix
8.3
Drawings
Figure 16
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TAPCON® 250 with CI-module - Top view
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14
30
78.2
8 Appendix
8
131.6
8
147.6
Figure 17
TAPCON® 250 - Bottom view without and with equivalent plug
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8 Appendix
COM 2
147.6
Figure 18
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TAPCON® 250 - Front view
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8 Appendix
Transformer_________ AVR Settings Sheet
Menu Overview
Normset
Normset activation
Reference voltage level 1
Primary voltage
Secondary voltage
Parameter
Regulation param
Reference voltage level 1
Alternate voltage level 2
Alternate voltage level 3
Alternate voltage level 4
Absolute Bandwidth
Bandwidth (%)
Bandwidth (V)
Voltage Offset
T1 delay time
T1 Control mode
T2 activation
T2 delay time
Parameter
Limit values
U< Undervoltage (V)
U> Overvoltage (V)
I> Overcurrent
Funct. Monitoring
U< delay time
U< Blocking
U< under 30V
Hunting alarm limit
Parameter
Compensation
Default Settings
Off
120.0V
0kV
120.0V
120.0V
120.0V
120.0V
120.0V
Off
1.00%
1.2V
0.0V
40s
T1 linear
T2 off
10.0s
110.0V
130.0V
110%
Off
10.0s
On
Off
50
Ur-Line Drop Compensation
0.0V
Ux-Line Drop Compensation
0.0V
Z-Compensation
0.0%
Z-Comp Limit
Configuration
Data of meas. Trf
0.0%
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
Actual Settings
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8 Appendix
Primary voltage
Secondary voltage
Primary current
Instr. Transformer circuit
Configuration
General
Language
Controller identification
Setting the baudrate
Display kV / V
Display % / A
Pulse time
Demand Interval
Motor runtime
Reverse power flow mode
Local/Remote Input
Manual/Auto Input
Configuration
User I/Os
GPI 1
GPI 2
GPI 3
GPI 4
User Programmable Alarm
Configuration
Continue
Parallel Control
Parallel control enable
Parallel operation method
Paralleling group
CAN Address
Stability group 1
Blocking group 1
Stability group 2
Blocking group 2
Alarm
Tapping direction, turned
Absent CAN bus behavior
Configuration
Continue
LED selection
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0kV
120.0V
0A
0 1PH
English
0
9.6 kBaud
V
Off
1.5s
15 min
0.0s
Ignore
non-pulsed
non-pulsed
AVL3
Off
Auto Inhibit
AVL2
0000000000
Off
Circ Current
None
1
0.0%
20.0%
0.0%
20.0%
10s
Standard
Blocking
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© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
8 Appendix
LED1
LED2
LED3
LED4 red
LED4 green
Configuration
Continue(1 or 2 times)
Memory
U< memory
U> memory
Mean value interval
Event memory
Time (24 hour)
Date (MM/DD/YY)
Configuration
Continue
Continue
Comm. Interface
CI Protocol
CI Port
CI baud rate
IP Address
TCP Port
Light wave inverting (fiber optics)
CI Address
Master address
Unsolicited Messages (DNP)
Unsolicited Retries (DNP)
Application Conf. Timeout (DNP)
Send delay (RS485)
Configuration
Continue
Continue (2 or 3 times)
Remote volt level
Remote volt level
AI Lower limit
AI Upper limit
Remote volt. Level min
Remote volt. Level max
Configuration
Continue
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
Off
Off
Off
Off
Off
110.0V
130.0V
1s
256k
TAPCON-trol
RS232
9.6 kBaud
0.0.0.0
1234
Off
1
0
On
3
5s
5ms
Off
0.0%
100.0%
100.0V
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8 Appendix
Continue (2 or 3 times)
Tap pos options
Tap pos. indication
Tap pos. min
Tap pos. max
Present Tap Pos
AI Lower limit
AI Upper limit
Tap pos. output range
Tap limit block mode
Tap block lower
Tap block raise
Tap position display (L/R)
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Off
16L
16R
0.0%
100.0%
Off
Direct. Dep.
16L
16R
On
297/06 EN
© Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen 2014
www.tapcon250.com
©Reinhausen Manufacturing Inc.
2549 North 9th Avenue
Humboldt, Tennessee 38343, USA
297/06 EN • 1114 • F0167906
Phone:
Fax:
E-Mail:
(+1) 731/784-7681
(+1) 731/784-7682
[email protected]