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Independent Study - Introduction I. Living Members of the Microbial World (SECTION 1.3) Composed of cells; generally replicate independently Bacteria Prokaryotes (FIGURE 3.23) A primary focus of this course; most either beneficial or not harmful Archaea (FIGURE 3.23) Prokaryotes; Appearance similar to members of the Bacteria No known pathogens; many extremophiles Eucarya Eukaryotes (FIGURE 3.46) • Algae – diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that often live in aqueous environments • Fungi – yeasts, molds, mushrooms • Protozoa – single-celled eukaryotes that are not algae or fungi • Multicellular parasites (worms) – live at the expense of a host Nomenclature Genus (first letter is capitalized) - species (lower case) Italicize or underline the entire name Strain is sometimes indicated II. Non-Living Members of the Microbial World (SECTION 1.4) Acellular; require host cells for replication Viruses Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat Viroids Nucleic acid only (RNA) Prions Protein only (ex. agent that causes “mad cow” disease) III. Classification/Nomenclature (SECTION 10.1) Classification – process of arranging organisms into similar or related groups, primarily to provide easy identification and study. Taxonomic hierarchies (you only need to know domain, genus and species) • Domain - a collection of similar kingdoms • Kingdom - a collection of similar phyla or divisions • Phylum/division - a collection of similar classes • Class - a collection of similar orders • Order - a collection of similar families • Family - a collection of similar genera • Genus - a collection of related species • Species - a group of related isolates or strains Introduction - 1 Lecture - Introduction I. General Course Information (read course website) II. Independent Study Questions 1. What is the fundamental difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? 2. List and describe the two domains of prokaryotic organisms. 3. List and describe the four groups of eukaryotic microorganisms. 4. List and describe the three types of non-living infectious agents. 5. What are prions? 6. In the name Bacillus anthracis - which part indicates the genus and which the species? 7. Which is most closely related - organisms in the same genus or organisms in the same species? III. Why Microbiology? Microbiology: A Human Perspective (SECTION 1.2) Vital Activities of Microorganisms • Microorganisms are absolutely essential to other forms of life. Applications of Microbiology Food production Biodegradation Commercially valuable products from bacteria Biotechnology Medical microbiology Microbes are important causes of morbidity and mortality. o Understanding why/how they cause disease can help prevent disease Microorganisms as Model Organisms Bacteria are relatively easy to study; the information gained can be used to better understand other organisms, including humans. IV. Additional Information V. Review Question 1. Describe three general reasons why microbiology is important. Introduction - 2