* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Study Guide 1 - The Microbial World Chpt 1
Survey
Document related concepts
Sociality and disease transmission wikipedia , lookup
Horizontal gene transfer wikipedia , lookup
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial cell structure wikipedia , lookup
Phospholipid-derived fatty acids wikipedia , lookup
Transmission (medicine) wikipedia , lookup
Germ theory of disease wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial morphological plasticity wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Disinfectant wikipedia , lookup
Microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Independent Study –The Microbial World (Chapter 1) I. The Microbial World Living and non-living members a. Living organisms (section 1.3) – composed of cells; generally replicate independently i. Prokaryotes 1. Bacteria – a primary focus of this course; most either beneficial or not harmful 2. Archaea – appearance similar to bacteria; no known pathogens; many extremophiles ii. Eukaryotes 1. Algae – diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that often live in aqueous environment 2. Fungi – yeasts, molds, mushrooms 3. Protozoa – single-celled eukaryotes 4. Multicellular parasites (worms) – live at the expense of a host b. Non-living infectious agents (section 1.4) – acellular; require host cells for replication i. Viruses – nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat ii. Viroids – nucleic acid only (RNA) iii. Prions – protein only (ex. agent that causes “mad cow” disease) II. Classification/Nomenclature a. Classification – process of arranging organisms into similar or related groups, primarily to provide easy identification and study. b. Nomenclature – system of assigning names to organisms; binomial system (p. 12; p. 235) i. Genus (first letter is capitalized) - species (lower case) ii. Italicize or underline the entire name iii. Strain is sometimes indicated III. The Origin of Microorganisms a. Theory of spontaneous generation vs. biogenesis b. Experiments and contributions by: i. Francesco Redi ii. John Needham iii. Lazzaro Spallanzani iv. Louis Pasteur v. John Tyndall IV. Why Study Microbiology? a. Microbes are important causes of morbidity and mortality -understanding why/how they cause disease can help prevent disease b. Bacteria are relatively easy to study; the information gained can be used to better understand other organisms, including humans. c. Bacteria are absolutely essential to other forms of life. V. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Study Questions What is the fundamental difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? List and describe the two domains of prokaryotic organisms. List and describe the four groups of eukaryotic microorganisms. List and describe the three types of non-living infectious agents. What are prions? In the name Bacillus anthracis - which part indicates the genus and which the species? Which are more closely related - organisms in the same genus or organisms in the same species? Describe three general reasons why microbiology is important.