Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Homework #4 1. The chart below shows the classification of three organisms. Certain categories are not shown. 9. The diagram below illustrates the transfer of pollen in a corn plant. Which two organisms are most closely related? A) B) C) D) A and B B and C C and A Not enough information is given to answer the question. 2. Which classification category contains the greatest number of different types of organisms? A) kingdom C) genus B) phylum D) species 3. In the binomial system of nomenclature, which two classification groups provide the scientific name of an organism? A) kingdom and phylum C) kingdom and genus B) phylum and species D) genus and species Which process is represented by the arrow in the diagram? A) cross-pollination C) fertilization B) hybridization D) self-pollination 10. The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years. 4. Two organisms can be considered to be of different species if they A) B) C) D) cannot mate with each other and produce fertile offspring live in two different geographical areas mutate at different rates depending on their environment have genes drawn from the same gene pool 5. The brightly colored, highly scented flowers on a rosebush are an adaptation for A) B) C) D) wind pollination insect pollination the production of spores nutrition for developing rose embryos 6. Which statement is most closely related to the modern theory of evolution? A) Characteristics that are acquired during life are passed to offspring by sexual reproduction. B) Evolution is the result of mutations and recombination, only. C) Organisms best adapted to a changed environment are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes to offspring. D) Asexual reproduction increases the survival of species. 7. Although similar in many respects, two species of organisms exhibit differences that make each well adapted to the environment in which it lives. The process of change that may account for these differences is A) B) C) D) evolution germination regeneration of lost structures transmission of homologous structures 8. Which concept includes the other three? A) competition C) natural selection B) survival of the fittest D) overproduction Which statement is a possible explanation for the changes shown? A) B) C) D) Species A is better adapted to this environment. Species A is the predator of Species B. Species B is better adapted to this environment. Species B is a parasite that has benefited species A. 11. Which statement would most likely be in agreement with Lamarck's theory of evolution? A) Black moths have evolved in an area because they were better adapted to the environment and had high rates of survival and reproduction. B) Geographic barriers may lead to reproductive isolation and the production of new species. C) Giraffes have long necks because their ancestors stretched their necks reaching for food, and this trait was passed on to their offspring. D) Most variations in animals and plants are due to random chromosomal and gene mutation. Homework #4 12. The diagram below represents four different species of bacteria Which statement is correct concerning the chances of survival for these species if there is a change in the environment? A) B) C) D) Species A has the best chance of survival because it has the most genetic diversity. Species C has the best chance of survival because it has no gene mutations. Neither species B nor species D will survive because they compete for the same resources. None of the species will survive because bacteria reproduce asexually. 13. The females of certain species of turtles will sneak into a nest of alligator eggs to lay their own eggs and then leave, never to return. When the baby turtles hatch, they automatically hide from the mother alligator guarding the nest and go to the nearest body of water when it is safe to do so. Which statement best explains the behavior of these baby turtles? A) More of the turtles’ ancestors who acted in this way survived to reproduce, passing this behavioral trait to their offspring. B) The baby turtles are genetically identical, so they behave the same way. C) Turtles are not capable of evolving, so they repeat the same behaviors generation after generation. D) The baby turtles’ ancestors who learned to behave this way taught the behaviors to their offspring 17. Organisms with favorable variations reproduce more successfully than organisms with less favorable variations. This statement best describes the concept of A) B) C) D) overproduction use and disuse inheritance of acquired characteristics survival of the fittest 18. Which evolutionary concept is best illustrated by the cartoon below? 14. The teeth of carnivores are pointed and are good for puncturing and ripping flesh. The teeth of herbivores are flat and are good for grinding and chewing. Which statement best explains these observations? A) Herbivores have evolved from carnivores. B) Carnivores have evolved from herbivores. C) The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of natural selection. D) The two types of teeth most likely evolved as a result of the needs of an organism. 15. Which statement is not part of the concept of natural selection? A) Individuals that possess the most favorable variations will have the best chance of reproducing. B) Variation occurs among individuals in a population. C) More individuals are produced than will survive. D) Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment. 16. According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce? A) Some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. B) Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment than others are. C) Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. D) Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment. A) production of mutations B) use and disuse C) survival of the fittest D) speciation 19. A trait with low survival value to the members of a population will most likely A) B) C) D) undergo a series of mutations in succeeding generations cause the reproduction rate in individual organisms to increase decrease in frequency from one generation to the next remain unchanged in frequency through many generations 20. Which concept was not included by Darwin in his theory of evolution? A) B) C) D) overproduction in a population struggle for existence genetic basis for variations survival of the fittest Homework #4 21. The diagram below represents four different species of wild birds. Each species has feet with different structural adaptations. Which concept would best explain the development of these adaptations? A) B) C) D) inheritance of resistance to diseases that affect all these species inheritance of characteristics acquired after the birds hatched from the egg natural selection selective breeding 22. Which concept about variations is included in the modern theory of evolution? A) B) C) D) Variations occur in animals, but not in plants. Variations are acquired and will appear in the offspring. Variations are the result of overproduction. Variations influence the survival of the individual. 23. Scientists compared fossil remains of a species that lived 5,000 years ago with members of the same species living today. Scientists concluded that this species had changed very little over the entire time period. Which statement best accounts for this lack of change? A) The environment changed significantly and those offspring without favorable characteristics died. B) The environment changed significantly, but the species had no natural enemies for a long period of time. C) The environment did not change significantly and those offspring expressing new characteristics survived their natural enemies. D) The environment did not change significantly and those offspring expressing new characteristics did not survive. 24. The separation of a small group of individuals from the main population is known as A) chromosomal mutation C) geographic isolation B) fossil formation D) reduction division 25. A group of organisms became reproductively isolated from its original population due to geographic separation. This group would most likely be A) B) C) D) unable to successfully interbreed with its original population genetically identical to its original population unable to live in the same habitat with its original population able to reproduce with its original population, only 26. Beak structures differ between individuals of one species of bird. These differences most likely indicate A) B) C) D) the presence of a variety of food sources a reduced rate of reproduction a large supply of one kind of food an abundance of predators 27. The species of finches that Darwin found on the Galapagos Islands displayed different structural and behavioral adaptations. These adaptations differed among the species according to the birds' varying habitats. Such adaptations most likely evolved as a result of A) B) C) D) use and disuse transmission of acquired characteristics reproductive isolation geographic isolation 28. Which process can produce new inheritable characteristics within a multicellular species? A) B) C) D) cloning of the zygote mitosis in muscle cells gene alterations in gametes differentiation in nerve cells 29. Which situation would most likely result in the highest rate of natural selection? A) reproduction of organisms by an asexual method in an unchanging environment B) reproduction of a species having a very low mutation rate in a changing environment C) reproduction of organisms in an unchanging environment with little competition and few predators D) reproduction of organisms exhibiting genetic differences due to mutations and genetic recombinations in a changing environment 30. Since variations between offspring are important in the process of natural selection, evolution would be expected to occur more rapidly in species that reproduce by the process of A) budding C) sexual reproduction B) asexual reproduction D) sporulation 31. If a species of bear in Russia and the brown bear in the United States have a common ancestor, the differences between these two species most likely resulted from A) B) C) D) mutations and genetic recombination mutations and asexual reproduction the inheritance of acquired traits the development of structures for climbing trees Homework #4 32. In the early stages of development, the embryos of dogs, pigs, and humans resemble one another. This observation suggests that these animals may have A) B) C) D) a similar number of chromosomes similar habitat requirements the same blood components a common ancestry 33. A researcher recently discovered a new species of bacteria in the body of a tubeworm living near a hydrothermal vent. He compared the DNA of this new bacterial species to the DNA of four other species of bacteria. The DNA sequences came from the same part of the bacterial chromosome of all four species. 35. Fossil records indicate that between 80 million and 60 million years ago the structure of the horned dinosaur frequently underwent rapid changes separated by long periods of stability. This pattern of change best illustrates the concept of A) use and disuse C) gradualism B) punctuated equilibrium D) enzyme specificity 36. The presence of some similar structures in all vertebrates suggests that these vertebrates A) all develop at the same rate B) evolved from different animals that appeared on Earth at the same time C) all develop internally and rely on nutrients supplied by the mother D) may have an evolutionary relationship 37. Which term describes appendages that may have different functions, but are similar in structure an are assumed to have the same evolutionary origin? A) fossils C) homologous According to these data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to A) species I C) species III B) species II D) species IV 34. The diagram below illustrates possible evolutionary pathways of some species. B) homozygous D) mutations 38. A certain species has little genetic variation. The rapid extinction of this species would most likely result from the effect of A) successful cloning C) environmental change B) gene manipulation D) genetic recombination 39. The results provided by Stanley Miller's experiments involving a simulated primitive environment, as described in the heterotroph hypothesis, show that in this environment A) only inorganic molecules can be synthesized B) there is little possibility for the synthesis of complex molecules C) organic molecules can be synthesized D) only complex nucleic acid molecules can be synthesized Which statement is a valid inference based on the information in the diagram? A) Species A is the common ancestor of all life on Earth. B) Species D is more closely related to species E than to species F. C) Species B is the ancestor of species F. D) Species C is the ancestor of species that exist at the present time.