Download bacteria review

bacteria review
Name:
1.
2.
Date:
Which of the following structures is not found in
bacteria?
A.
ribosome
B.
C.
cell membrane
D. nuclear membrane
5.
cytoplasm
introduce chemicals that destroy viruses.
B.
stimulate an immune response.
C.
prevent in ammation.
D. cure a disease.
3.
6.
Neither responds to antibiotics.
B.
Both respond to antibiotics.
C.
Viral diseases respond to antibiotics; bacterial
diseases do not.
A patient su ering from a sore throat goes to a
doctor in a hospital to get a check-up. During the
exam the doctor collects the following information:
The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened
polio viruses. Vaccinated individuals become
protected against polio because the weakened
viruses
A.
prevent further viral invasion.
B.
induce an in ammatory response.
C.
promote production of antibodies.
The patient needed a vaccination. Vaccinations
.
prevent disease by
D. are too weak to cause illness.
4.
A.
D. Bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral
diseases do not.
The purpose for giving a person a vaccine is to
A.
How do human diseases caused by bacteria and
diseases caused by viruses react to antibiotics?
Which of the following require a host cell because
they are not able to make proteins on their own?
A.
blue-green algae
B.
C.
protozoans
D. viruses
A.
preventing viral DNA from entering the body
B.
destroying toxins produced by bacteria
C.
stimulating the production of antibodies
D. increasing red blood cell production
bacteria
page 1
7.
The common cold is caused by a virus that
enters the human body and causes mild, u-like
symptoms. Some people believe that the common
cold can be treated by digesting the herb
Echinacea. The following table shows results
from a study conducted to explore the e ects of
Echinacea on children with colds.
9.
What are two structures that plant cells have and
animal cells do not?
A.
cell wall, chloroplast
B.
cell membrane, mitochondria
C.
nuclei, ribosomes
D. chloroplast, cell membrane
10.
It is very di cult to develop a vaccine against the
common cold. The reason for this is that the
common cold virus
.
Which of these best de nes communicable
diseases?
A.
They can be cured.
A.
hides in the digestive system
B.
They are caused by bacteria.
B.
changes rapidly due to high mutation rates.
C.
They are spread to others.
C.
includes RNA as its genetic materials
D. They can spread only in winter.
D. is too small for the immune system to detect
11.
8.
A scientist thinks he has discovered a drug that
interferes with the functioning of a virus in the
human body. To e ectively block infection, the
drug can
A.
weaken viral respiration.
What is accomplished by treating a person who
has a bacterial infection with antibiotics?
B.
destroy viral mitochondria.
C.
reduce the ability of the virus to absorb cells.
A.
immunity to future infections
D. prevent the virus from entering cells.
B.
weakening of the person's immune system
C.
reduction in the duration and intensity of the
infection
12.
D. modi cation of bacterial DNA to make the
bacteria harmless
page 2
Which of the following is an example of an
antigen that might be recognized by the immune
system of an individual?
A.
a viral protein
B.
a fat molecule
C.
saline solution
D. oxygen molecule
bacteria review
13.
Injecting a person with a killed-bacteria vaccine
can protect that individual from a disease because
the proteins of the killed bacteria
A.
remain in the body, and live bacteria later
prey on them instead of live tissues.
B.
bind with receptors in the body, so that live
bacteria cannot bind with them later.
C.
stimulate the production of antibodies which
can be manufactured later in response to
infection.
Typhoid Mary
15.
Mary Mallon was the rst known “healthy carrier”
of typhoid fever in the early 1900s. Health o cials
in New York investigated the households in which
she worked as a maid and determined that she had
transmitted the disease to dozens of people.
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium
Salmonella typhi. It is generally transmitted by
eating food and drinking water that has come into
contact with contaminated fecal matter. Symptoms
of typhoid fever include headache, fever, diarrhea,
and loss of appetite.
D. give the person a mild form of the disease,
which conditions the body not to respond to
later infection.
In 1910, Mary Mallon was banned from ever
working in kitchens again. Five years later, health
o cials suspected that Mary had violated the ban.
What most likely alerted health o cials to the fact
that Mary might be working in kitchens again?
A.
a new typhoid outbreak in New York
B.
the fact that she changed her name to Mary
Brown
C.
identi cation of other healthy carriers in New
York
D. discovery of the typhoid bacterium on local
vegetables
14.
Which of these describes the action of antibiotics?
A.
Antibiotics replace the immune system.
B.
Antibiotics lower body temperature.
C.
Antibiotics destroy viruses.
16.
Which statement about plant and animal cells is
true?
A.
Plant cells have a nucleus and a cell wall;
animal cells do not have either of these
structures.
B.
Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts;
animal cells do not have either of these
structures.
C.
Plant cells have a cell wall and a cell
membrane; animal cells have a cell wall but
not a cell membrane.
D. Antibiotics slow bacterial growth.
D. Plant cells have chloroplasts and mitochondria;
animal cells have chloroplasts but do not have
mitochondria.
page 3
bacteria review
17.
Some antibiotics destroy disease-causing bacteria
by entering the bacterial cells and interfering with
the critical life processes that keep them alive.
However, antibiotics are not able to destroy viral
infections because
A.
the wall surrounding a virus cannot be
penetrated by antibiotic chemicals.
B.
viruses are not cells, so they do not perform
the processes that antibiotics normally disrupt.
C.
viruses are constantly moving, so antibiotics
cannot reach them.
19.
Which of the following best describes how the
virus reproduced?
D. antibiotics are destroyed by the protein coating
that surrounds the viral DNA.
How does a virus cause a person to develop a
common cold?
A.
invades the host cell to reproduce
B.
removes energy from the host cell
C.
produces toxins in the host cell
A.
The virus made its own spores.
B.
The virus produced seeds in the tomatoes.
C.
The virus used the host plant's resources and
machinery to reproduce.
D. The virus immediately killed the host plant
and was free to reproduce.
20.
18.
A tomato plant in a greenhouse was found to be
infected with tobacco mosaic virus. A few weeks
later, nearby plants were also found to be infected
with the virus.
D. protects the host cell from bacteria
Which of the following statements explains why
viruses are able to reproduce only inside host cells
instead of being able to reproduce on their own?
A.
Viruses cannot function at temperatures other
than 98.6 F.
B.
Viruses lack spindle bers that correctly align
chromosomes for division.
C.
Viruses are too small to e ectively make
copies of themselves on their own.
D. Viruses lack the cellular machinery needed to
make copies of their genetic material.
page 4
bacteria review
The following section focuses on bacterial resistance to several antibiotics.
One of the most important developments in modern medicine was the discovery of antibiotics. Antibiotics are used to
treat infections caused by bacteria. However, strains of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics are emerging. The rate of
increase in infections caused by these antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is a concern for human health.
The bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of the respiratory disease pneumonia. The graph below shows
trends in bacterial resistance to di erent antibiotics in pneumonia cases from 1986 to 1999.
Trends in Bacterial Resistance
Key
Types of Antibiotics
Erythromycin
Penicillin
Tetracycline
Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole
page 5
bacteria review
21.
Antibiotics are helpful in treating an infection
when the number of bacteria becomes too large
for the body's immune system to ght on its own.
What process enables the bacteria to multiply
inside the body?
A.
binary ssion
B.
C.
meiosis
D. nitrogen xation
Typhoid Mary
23.
Mary Mallon was the rst known “healthy carrier”
of typhoid fever in the early 1900s. Health o cials
in New York investigated the households in which
she worked as a maid and determined that she had
transmitted the disease to dozens of people.
fertilization
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium
Salmonella typhi. It is generally transmitted by
eating food and drinking water that has come into
contact with contaminated fecal matter. Symptoms
of typhoid fever include headache, fever, diarrhea,
and loss of appetite.
Typhoid fever is best treated with
22.
.
A.
surgery
B.
vaccines
C.
antibiotics
D. gene therapy
A process is illustrated in the diagram below.
24.
bacterial conjugation
B.
facilitated di usion
C.
gamete formation
A.
A virus is much larger in size than a bacterial
cell.
B.
A virus always causes more severe disease
than a bacterial cell.
C.
A virus can never reproduce on its own, but
a bacterial cell can.
D. A virus does not contain genetic material, but
a bacterial cell does.
Which process is illustrated in the diagram?
A.
Which of the following is one important di erence
between a virus and a bacterial cell?
D. viral reproduction
25.
Which of the following is incapable of reproducing
outside a host cell?
A.
page 6
alga
B.
mold
C.
moss
D. virus
bacteria review
26.
Hepatitis is a disease of the liver. Which of the
following happens as a result of decreased liver
function?
A.
Carbon dioxide builds up in the liver.
B.
Toxic compounds build up in the blood.
C.
The kidneys take over the functions of the
liver.
D. The stomach produces the enzymes needed
for digestion.
page 7
bacteria review