Download Dynamic Earth – Layers of Earth: Guided Notes 1. Earth`s Beginning

Dynamic Earth – Layers of Earth: Guided Notes 1. Earth’s Beginning § As we have previously discussed, Earth was formed through the process of ___________________________ § Collisions of rocks occurred as they orbited our young sun. § Earth developed its layers through the process of ________________________________________________________ 2. Planetary Differentiation § Planetary Differentiation = the process of _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ − __________________________________________________ materials sink to the center − __________________________________________________ materials rise to the surface. § Difference in density is the key to the layers of Earth’s interior. § Differentiation Demonstration 3. Planetary Differentiation ___________________
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___________________ 4. The Compositional Layers of Earth § The Earth is divided into three layers – ____________________________________________________________________ § The divisions of these layers are based on the chemical compounds that make up each layer. 5. The Compositional Layers of Earth 6. The Crust § Crust = ________________________________________________ − 5 – 100 km thick − ______________________________________________ − ______________________________________________ § There are two types of crust: OCEANIC CRUST CONTINENTAL CRUST 7. Continental vs. Oceanic Crust 8. The Mantle § Mantle = ___________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ − Much thicker than the crust (2,900 km) − 67% of Earth’s mass − _______________________________________________________ § The crust is too thick to drill through, so scientists must draw conclusions about the composition and properties of the mantle from observations made on Earth’s surface. Dynamic Earth – Layers of Earth: Guided Notes 9. The Mantle § Within this layer convection currents cause heating of rock layers. § The rock layers are pushed together, pulled apart, or move past one another because of this heating. § __________________________________________ in the mantle are what drive the movement of tectonic plates. 10. The Mantle 11. Convection Currents § Convection Currents = _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ § When the convection currents move throughout the mantle they also cause the asthenosphere to heat up and move the plates of the lithosphere. § Convection Currents and The Mantle 12. The Core § Core = _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ − Radius is about 3,430 km − Makes up 33% of Earth’s mass − Made up of mostly iron and small amounts of nickel − _____________________________________ 13. The Compositional Layers of Earth 14. The Physical Structure of Earth § The Earth is divided into five physical layers. 1) _____________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________ 3) _____________________________________________ 4) _____________________________________________ 5) _____________________________________________ § Each layer has its own set of physical properties. 15. The Physical Structure of Earth 16. The Lithosphere § Lithosphere = ______________________________________________________________________ § Made of two parts – the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle. § Divided into several pieces, which are called ___________________________ 17. The Asthenosphere § Asthenosphere = _____________________________________________________________________________________________ § Made of solid rock that _____________________________________________________________ § Lithosphere vs. Asthenosphere Dynamic Earth – Layers of Earth: Guided Notes 18. The Mesosphere § Mesosphere = ________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ § The prefix “meso” meaning middle – remember Mesozoic Period 19. The Outer Core § Outer Core = __________________________________________________________________________________________________ − Composed of liquid iron and trace amounts of nickel § Scientists believe the outer core is responsible for creating _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ § The magnetic field is extremely important as it protects Earth from violent solar wind and solar storms. Magnetic Protection 20. The Inner Core § Inner Core = __________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ § Composed of mostly iron and some nickel § Scientists believe the temperature of the inner core is hotter than the surface of the sun. 21. The Physical Structure of Earth 22. Layers of Earth Rap § Layers of the Earth by Mr. Lee