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IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Chart 1 Binary compounds Polyatomic compounds Acids (many elements present) (that donate H+) (only two elements) Only ionic compounds are to be studied here. Cation or anion or both could be one of the many listed on chart 4. Binary molecular or binary covalent (two nonmetals) Binary ionic (metal ion with nonmetal ion ) Remember the total charge of ionic compound is zero. Metal ion has a Metal ion with variable fixed charge charges Remember there is no charge on the nonmetals in molecular compounds Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 RULE: RULE: RULE: RULE: Name of the metal followed by part of the nonmetal name with ‘ide’ added to it. (refer to chart 2) Name of the metal followed by its charge per ion in roman numeral in parentheses, followed by part of the nonmetal name with ‘ide’ added to it. First element’s prefix followed by first elements name, 2nd element’s prefix, part of the 2nd element’s name with ‘ide’ added to it. (for a list of the prefixes and its exceptions refer to text book) Name of the polyatomic ions written as such. For monoatomic ions, i) the metal ion’s name is written as the name of the element. ii) the nonmetal ion is written with part of the nonmetal name with ‘ide’ added to it. Examples: Type 1 MgCl2 CaO Na3N magnesium chloride calcium oxide sodium nitride Type 2 FeO CuCl HgI2 iron(II) oxide copper(I) chloride mercury(II) iodide Type 3 P2O5 CO CO2 diphosphorus pentoxide carbon monoxide carbon dioxide These can be binary or polyatomic, but are classified based on if they contain oxygen or not. Refer to chart 3 for the rules for acids Type 4 NH4Cl ammonium chloride (cation is polyatomic) Na2SO4 sodium sulfate (anion is polyatomic) (NH4)2CO3 ammonium carbonate (both ions are polyatomic) CHART - 2 Nonmetal bromine chlorine fluorine part of nonmetal name +ide bromide chloride fluoride Nonmetal part of nonmetal name +ide hydride iodide nitride hydrogen iodine nitrogen Nonmetal part of nonmetal name +ide oxide phosphide sulfide oxygen phosphorus sulfur CHART - 3 ACID NOMENCLATURE Contain oxygen? Yes, then it is an oxy acid Check the ending of negative ion Ends in ‘ate’ Ends in ‘ite’ follow this rule (Do not start with hydro) Part of the negative ion’s name(except S and P) + ic acid No Follow this r ule hydro + part of the anion name (except S) + ic acid Part of the negative ion’s name ( except S and P) + ous acid CHART -4 POLYATOMIC IONS WITH (-) CHARGE (1-) CHARGE HYDROXIDE NITRATE CHLORATE, BROMATE, CYANIDE ACETATE NITRITE CHLORITE, HYPOCHLORITE , BROMITE, PERCHLORATE IODATE IODITE PERMANGANATE HYDROGEN SULFATE HYDROGEN SULFITE HYDROGEN CARBONATE DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (2-) CHARGE OXALATE CARBONATE SULFATE CHROMATE DICHROMATE SULFITE THIOSULFATE ( O ATOM IS REPLACED BY S ATOM) MONOHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (3-) CHARGE PHOSPHATE ARSENATE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- POLYATOMIC IONS WITH + CHARGE: ammonium: NH4 + and mercury (I) : Hg2 2+ 4 Exercise: I. 1. 2. 3. Write down the names and formulas of compounds formed from the following pairs of elements using the rule for each type of compound. Pair Type Formula Name Potassium and hydrogen Potassium and sulfur 4. Potassium and nitrogen Sodium and carbon 5. Calcium and hydrogen 6. Magnesium and sulfur 7. Magnesium and nitrogen Aluminum and carbon 8. 9. 10. 11. Copper(II) and chlorine Copper(II) and oxygen 12. Copper(II) and nitrogen Copper(II) and carbon 13. Iron(III) and bromine 14. Iron(III) and sulfur 15. Iron(III) and nitrogen 16. Iron(III) and oxygen 5 II. Write down the formulas/names of the following compounds after writing down the type of compound. Compound Type Formula/Name 17. P2O3 18. SO3 19. Carbon tetrachloride 20. Dichlorine heptoxide 21. Ammonium sulfate 22. Lithium carbonate 23. Aluminum sulfite 24. Calcium bromate 25. Ammonium nitrite 26. Potassium phosphate 27. Barium hydroxide 28. Potassium permanganate 29. Sodium dichromate 30. Cu(CN)2 31. Sodium oxalate 32. Fe (S2O3) 33. Calcium acetate 34. Magnesium hypochlorite 6 III. 1. Give the names of the following acids: Formula type HI 2. HCN 3. H2S 4. HF 5. HBr IV. Name 1. Give the names and formulas of the acids that contain the following anions: Anion Formula of anion Formula of acid Acetate 2. Carbonate 3. Sulfate 4. Nitrate 5. Phosphate 6. Sulfite 7. Nitrite Name of acid 7