Download Life Science Review Book Grade 7

Life Science – Grade 7
Review Book
Preparation for the Final Exam
Westhampton Beach Middle School
Name
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
General Science…………………………………………………………………………….…
3
Measurement …………………………………………………………………………………….
5
Graphing …………………………………………………………………………………………
9
Microscopes ………………………………………………………………………………………
11
Cells …………………………………………………………………………………………………
13
Genetics ……………………………………………………………………………………………
15
Living Organisms ……………………………………………………………………………….
17
Fungi ………………………………………………………………………………………………
20
Plants ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
21
Animals …………………………………………………………………………………………..
23
Ecology …………………………………………………………………………………………..
25
Food Webs ………………………………………………………………………………….……
27
Cycles in Nature …………………………………………………………………………………
29
Evolution …………………………………………………………………………………………
31
Human Body I ……………………………………………………………………………………
33
Human Body II ………………………………………………………………………………..
36
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
3
General Science – Key Words and Ideas
General Science – Multiple Choice
7 Steps of the Scientific Method:
1. State the problem
2. Gather information
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis
5. Report the results
6. State the conclusion
7. Share the results (report)
1.
2.
People once believed that rotting meat
produced flies. Today it is known that flies
come from
a. Dust and dirt
b. Other flies
c. Cuts or wounds
d. Any spoiled food
3.
Which statement identifies a characteristic
common to rocks, trees, fish, and humans?
a. All are able to reproduce.
b. All are made of elements.
c. All are made of cells.
d. All are able to breathe.
Hypothesis – educated guess; prediction;
“If … then ...” statement
Independent variable – that change which is
under the control of the experimenter; only one
Which resource is renewable?
a. Oil
b. Iron
c. Trees
d. Gasoline
Dependent variable – the change that is
being measured by the experimenter
Controlled variable – factors that are being
held constant by the experimenter
Matter – anything that has mass and takes up
space; made of elements
Cells – the smallest unit of life
Organic – living or was once living
The cartoon below illustrates the importance of
reading a label before using a product.
Inorganic – non-living; never was living
Renewable resources – can be replenished,
grown, or made again
Non-renewable resources – cannot be
replenished, once they are used they are gone
Toxic – poisonous
Notes
4.
Which statement on the container label
would have indicated that the contents
were harmful to these insects?
a. This is a pressurized can.
b. Shake before each use.
c. Contains artificial flavoring.
d. Vapors are toxic.
5.
Pasteurization is most important in the
production of
a. Communication devices
b. Nuclear energy
c. Solar cells
d. Processed food
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
6.
The catalytic converter of an automobile
decreases the amount of pollutants
released by the exhaust system, but it also
decreases the fuel efficiency of the engine.
Which statement is best supported by this
example?
a. Fuel conservation is more important
than decreasing pollution.
b. Every technological device has benefits
and burdens associated with its use.
c. Automobiles do not have much effect on
the environment.
d. Science and technology usually work
against each other.
7.
Calculators now used by students are a byproduct of the space program. This
statement suggests
a. Advances in technology can result in
useful products.
b. Students would learn very little without
the space program.
c. Government scientists invent all the new
products we use.
d. All new inventions are related to the
space program.
8.
A hundred year ago, sight-impaired people
wore eyeglasses. Today they wear
eyeglasses, permanent contact lenses, or
disposable contact lenses. These
statements suggest that technology
a. negatively affects the environment
b. is inexpensive
c. does not solve problems
d. provides people with increased choice
9.
In what part of the Scientific Method would
a graph, chart, or table be included?
a. hypothesis
b. conclusion
c. results
d. experiment
10. What part of the scientific method is the
following statement:
“If the density of the rock is less than
1.0 g/mL, then it will float in water.”
a.
b.
c.
d.
hypothesis
conclusion
results
experiment
4
General Science – Extended Response
1.
2.
A student notices that a basketball bounces
higher on some surfaces than others. She
hypothesizes that the bounce height has
something to do with the surface she is
playing on. The student wants to design an
experiment to test this hypothesis.
a.
Identify the independent (manipulated)
variable in the experiment.
b.
Identify the dependent (responding)
variable in the experiment.
c.
Identify two factors that need to be
held constant.
A student set up an experiment to learn
about plant growth. The student added a
different amount of fertilizer to four
identical containers, each containing four
seeds in the same amount of soil. All of the
containers were placed in the same sunny
window.
a. State a hypothesis being tested in this
experiment.
b. Identify one variable that is being held
constant in this experiment (a control).
c. Explain why this variable needs to be
held constant.
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
5
Measurement – Key Words and Ideas
Measurement – Multiple Choice
Length – a measure of the distance from one
point to another
1. Which term best completes the statement
below?
Mass – a measure of the amount of matter in
an object; measured with a triple beam balance
Volume – the amount of space an object takes
up; measured with a graduated cylinder;
V=LxWxH
Displacement – the volume of water moved by
an object; volume of irregular objects
Density – the amount of mass in a given
volume; density of water is 1.0 g/mL; D=M/V
Metric System – base ten system of
measurement used in science; universal system
Metric Staircases
km
a.
b.
c.
d.
Mass
Weight
Distance
Volume
2. When air is pumped into a flat beach ball,
the ball appears larger and becomes round
in shape. Which statement gives the best
reason for this observation?
a. Air takes up space
b. Air has mass
c. Air has weight
d. Air is not matter
3. The diagram below shows a student using a
graduated cylinder.
Multiply
hm
Meter stick is to length as graduated
cylinder is to …
dam
m
dm
Divide
cm
mm
Length/Mass/Volume
Notes
He is demonstrating correct use of this tool
by …
a. Keeping his head eye level with the
graduated cylinder.
b. Keeping the graduated cylinder on a
level surface.
c. Both a and b.
d. Neither a nor b.
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
4. The diagram below shows a graduated
cylinder.
What is the volume of the liquid in the
graduated cylinder?
a. 6.3 mL
b. 6.6 mL
c. 10.0 mL
d. 16.0 mL
5. The diagram below shows an enlarged view
of the beams of a triple beam balance.
6
6. The diagram below shows a nail above a
centimeter ruler.
The nail has a length of …
a. 1.0 cm
b. 2.4 cm
c. 3.4 cm
d. 4.6 cm
7. Which diagram best represents an activity
demonstrating that matter has mass?
a. 
b. 
What is the correct reading of this triple
beam balance?
a. 60.0 g
b. 62.4 g
c. 624 g
d. 162.4 g
c. 
d. 
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
7
8. The data below shows the masses and
volumes of three objects (A, B, and C).
Substance
Mass
Volume
A
B
C
4.0 g
6.0 g
8.0 g
2.0 cm3
6.0 cm3
4.0 cm3
Density =
U
Mass
Volume
10. Which instrument is used to measure the
mass of a frog?
a. Metric ruler
b. Thermometer
c. Balance
d. Graduated cylinder
11. The diagram below shows a mineral sample
and a graduated cylinder containing the
amount of water shown.
Which statement about the densities of
these objects is correct?
a. B is more dense than A
b. A is more dense than C
c. B and C have equal densities
d. A and C have equal densities
9. The diagram below shows a laboratory
measuring device with a substance in a
bowl.
60 g
100 g
8.0 g
Mineral Sample
Volume = 5.0 mL
If the mineral sample is put into the
graduated cylinder, the new water level
reading will be …
a. 5.0 mL
b. 38.0 mL
c. 45.0 mL
d. 48.0 mL
12. Part of the Periodic Table of the Elements,
including a key, is shown below.
atomic
number
atomic
mass
With the riders in the positions indicated,
what is the mass of the substance and the
bowl?
a. 8.0 g
b. 100.0 g
c. 168.0 g
d. 618.0 g
What is the approximate atomic mass for
calcium?
a. 20
b. 40
c. 60
d. 133
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
Measurement – Extended Response
1. In one or more sentences, explain how to
properly use the following laboratory
equipment.
a. Graduated cylinder
b. Triple beam balance
2. If the mass of a rock is 20.0 grams and its
volume is 40.0 mL, what is its density?
Show your work in the space provided on
the answer sheet. Make sure to record your
answer to the 10th place and include the
appropriate units.
3. Will this rock sink or float in water? Explain
your answer.
8
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
9
Graphing – Key Words and Ideas
Graphing – Multiple Choice
Bar graph – used to show unrelated data;
categories (colors, specific years, types, etc.)
Base your answers on questions 1 and 2 on the
graph below, which shows the different heights
of a number of plants that were studied in an
experiment.
Line graph – used to show the progression of
related data; sequences (time, growth,
destruction, etc.)
Pie chart – used to show categorical data
organized into percentages
Graphs Should Include:
Title – clear and concise
Labels – with units
Scale – spread evenly to fill the space
Key or Legend – with clear symbols
Calculating Percentages:
% = # of the sample item x 100
total # of items
U
U
Calculating Angels:
Angle = %(in decimal form) x 360
Notes
1. What is the total number of plants with a
height of 6 cm?
a. 9
b. 5
c. 3
d. 4
2. What is the total number of plants studied in
the experiment?
a. 9
b. 10
c. 26
d. 44
3. The graph below shows the average number
of days each month that tornadoes are
reported in the United States.
During which months are most tornadoes
reported?
a. November, December, January
b. February, March, April
c. May, June, July
d. August, September, October
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
4. The rate of a chemical reaction usually
increases as the temperature increases.
Which graph correctly shows this
relationship?
a. 
10
Graphing – Extended Response
1. The pH of a substance identifies whether a
substance has the properties of an acid, a
base, or a neutral material. The table below
shows the pH of five foods. Use the
information in the table to construct a bar
graph on the grid provided on your answer
sheet.
Food
b. 
c. 
Cabbage
5
Eggs
8
Grapefruit
3
Milk
6
Tomatoes
4
2. The data below shows the weight of a
mouse over the course of 6 months. Use the
information to construct a line graph on the
grid provided on your answer sheet.
d. 
5. Which of the following would best be
represented by a bar graph?
a. The number of babies born at four
different hospitals in 2003.
b. The growth of a lima bean plant during
the spring.
c. The solubility of a particular salt at
different temperatures.
d. The weight of a person over their
lifetime.
pH
Date
Mass (grams)
3/4/02
10.0
4/4/02
15.0
5/4/02
23.0
6/4/02
25.0
7/4/02
24.0
8/4/02
26.0
3. The data below indicates the percent of
animal types found in a zoo. Use the
information to construct a pie chart in the
circle provided on your answer sheet.
Animals
Percent in Zoo
Mammals
48
Birds
24
Reptiles
13
Amphibians
9
Fish
6
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
Microscopes – Key Words and Ideas
Microscope – device used to examine objects
too small to be seen with the human eye
Microscopic – objects too small to be seen
with the naked eye
11
Microscopes – Multiple Choice
1. The table below shows the total
magnification produced by the eyepiece and
objective lens in different microscopes.
A
Eyepiece
Mag.
5
Objective
Lens Mag.
10
Total
Mag.
50
Coarse adjustment – knob used to visibly
move the stage; use only on low power
B
5
20
100
Fine adjustment – sharp focusing; used on
higher powers
C
10
40
400
D
10
50
?
Macroscopic – objects large enough to be seen
with the naked eye
Diaphragm – controls how much light passes
into the microscope
Ocular (eyepiece) – lens looked through; check
magnification
Objectives – second set of lens on a compound
microscope; check magnification
Microscope
What is the total magnification of
microscope D?
a. 40
b. 60
c. 400
d. 500
Field of view - area seen through the
microscope
Total magnification = ocular x objective
Specimen = Field of view (diameter)
Size
# that fit across field
Compound Microscope
2. Using the instrument shown above,
organisms can be …
a. controlled
b. recycled
c. observed
d. reproduced
Notes
2.0 mm
3. What is the approximate size of the object
in the field of view shown above?
a. 0.2 mm
b. 0.5 mm
c. 1.0 mm
d. 5.0 mm
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
4. Which of the following is a macroscopic
organism?
a. paramecium
b. bacteria
c. frog
d. virus
12
Microscopes – Extended Response
5. the amount of light entering the microscope
is controlled by the …
a. coarse adjustment
b. fine adjustment
c. ocular
d. diaphragm
6. What is the field of view (diameter) of the
microscopic view shown above, if you are
view a 1.0 mm grid?
a. 1.0 mm
b. 11.5 mm
c. 55.0 mm
d. 125.0 mm
7. Which knob should be used to sharpen the
focus on high power?
a. fine adjustment
b. coarse adjustment
c. nosepiece
d. diaphragm
8. Which of the following parts holds the slide
on the stage?
a. ocular
b. objective
c. nosepiece
d. stage clips
9. Which of the following parts of the
microscope contain lenses?
a. ocular
b. objectives
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
1. Describe in detail how a microscope should
be carried.
2. Explain the four things that should be done
before putting a microscope away.
(Hint: You may not include turning off and
unplugging in your list.)
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
13
Cells – Key Words and Ideas
Cell Diagrams
Cell – basic unit of structure for most living
organisms; performs all physiological activities
Animal Cell
Cell theory – well founded idea that all living
things are composed of cells; all cells come from
other cells; cells carry out all necessary
functions of life
Cell membrane – surrounds the cell and
controls what enters and leaves; also called
plasma membrane
Cell wall – rigid structure composed of
cellulose that surrounds, protects, and supports
plant cells
Chloroplasts – cell structures that contain
chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis
Cytoplasm – gel-like fluid inside the cell for
support and structure
Mitochondria – produces energy for the cell;
“power house”
Ribosomes – produces proteins for the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum – system of tubes
used to transport substances throughout the cell
Lysosomes – contains digestive chemicals used
by the cell
Vacuole – stores water, waste, and nutrients
for the cell
Nucleus – control center of the cell
Nuclear envelope – surrounds and protects
the nucleus
Centriole – aids in cell division in an animal cell
Notes
Plant Cell
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
Cells – Multiple Choice
Base your answers to questions on 1 and 2 on
the diagram below which shows one activity of
an organism.
14
7. The … are responsible for the production of
proteins in the cell.
a. ribosomes
b. endoplasmic reticulum
c. vacuoles
d. lysosomes
8. In multi-cellular organisms, cell division is
required for growth and …
a. circulation
b. locomotion
c. repair
d. respiration
Doubled chromosomes
1. What is the object labeled 1 in the diagram?
a. a cell
b. a tissue
c. an organ
d. an organ system
2. Which life activity is shown in steps 2 6?
a. circulation
b. excretion
c. reproduction
d. respiration
3. Which part of the cell allows nutrients and
other materials to enter or leave the cell?
a. cytoplasm
b. nucleus
c. chloroplast
d. cell membrane
4. The female sex cell is the …
a. egg
b. ovary
c. sperm
d. testes
Spindle
fibers
9. The cell above is in which stage of mitosis?
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
10. The process of letting water pass through
the surface of the cell is …
a. semi-permeable
b. impermeable
c. diffusion
d. osmosis
Cells – Extended Response
5. What part of a plant cell traps light for use
in photosynthesis?
a. mitochondria
b. chloroplast
c. endoplasmic reticulum
d. nucleus
6. Which of the following is not found in an
animal cell?
a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. cell wall
d. cell membrane
1. Which type of reproduction is shown in the
diagram above? Explain your answer.
2. How does the genetic material of each of
the daughter cells compare with the genetic
material of the parent cell?
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
15
Genetics – Key Words and Ideas
Genetics – Multiple Choice
Genetics – the study of heredity
1. The Punnett square below shows the cross
of two purebred organisms.
Heredity – the passing of traits from one
generation to another
Sexual reproduction – requires 2 parents;
source of genetic variation
Asexual reproduction – only requires 1
parent; offspring are genetically identical to the
parent
Dominant gene – shows above all others
when present; capital letter
Recessive gene – masked (hidden) by a
dominant gene; lower case letter
Punnett square – in sexual reproduction
offspring receive two genes for a trait; one gene
from each parent; represents the probable
outcomes of sexual reproduction
Genes of
Parent 2
Genes of
Parent 1
T
T
t
Tt
Tt
t
Tt
Tt
Which process is represented by the use of
the Punnett square?
a. natural selection
b. sexual reproduction
c. pollination
d. mutation
2. A male chimpanzee has 48 chromosomes in
each of his regular body cells. How many
chromosomes would be found in each of his
sperm cells?
a. 96
b. 48
c. 24
d. 12
3. Hereditary information is found in a cell’s …
a. chloroplasts
b. chromosomes
c. cytoplasm
d. membranes
Example:
R = Brown eyes
r = Blue eyes
R
r
R
RR
Rr
r
Rr
rr
4. What is the major cause of variation within
a species?
a. sexual reproduction
b. asexual reproduction
c. extinction
d. photosynthesis
sperm
25% of the offspring
could have blue eyes
Notes
egg
Egg + Sperm  Zygote
5. Which process is shown in the diagram
above?
a. metamorphosis
b. regulation
c. fertilization
d. respiration
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
6. The diagram below shows parents and
offspring of one kind of hamster. The
parents and offspring differ in appearance.
Parents
16
Genetics – Extended Response
The Punnett square below shows the cross of
two purebred organisms.
T
T
t
Tt
Tt
t
Tt
Tt
Offspring
This variation in the offspring is most likely
due to …
a. a vitamin deficiency
b. the transmission of a contagious disease
c. sexual reproduction
d. a reaction to chemicals in the
environment
7. In sexual reproduction, what fraction of
genes does a mother contribute to her
offspring?
a. 1/4
b. 1/3
c. 1/2
d. 3/4
8. Chromosome is to nucleus as DNA is to …
a. cytoplasm
b. gene
c. cell membrane
d. chloroplast
9. Having two different forms of a gene is
known as …
a. hybrid
b. purebred
c. dominant
d. recessive
1. In humans, the genetic trait for freckles (F)
is dominant over not having freckles (f). The
Punnett square below shows the results of a
cross between a purebred freckled person
and a purebred non-freckled person.
a. What percentage of the offspring above
will have freckles?
b. According to the Punnett square, what is
the probability of an offspring inheriting
two genes for freckles?
c. Use the Punnett square on your answer
sheet, show the result of crossing two of
the offspring shown in the Punnett
square above.
HYDRA REPRODUCTION
Parent
10. Gene which can be hidden are …
a. hybrid
b. purebred
c. dominant
d. recessive
Offspring
2. Which type of reproduction is shown in the
diagram above? Explain your answer.
3. How does the genetic material of the
offspring compare to the genetic material of
the parent?
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
17
Living Organisms – Key Words and Ideas
Living Organisms – Multiple Choice
6 Characteristics of Life – functions
necessary for life
1. The diagram below shows a grasshopper
and information about some of its body
parts.
Movement – to move from place to place
Locomotion – to move the entire body
from one place to another
Green color for
hiding in grass.
Translocation – to move within
something; example – circulation
Adaptation – a change that helps an organism
better fit its environment; increase chances of
survival
Response – to react to a stimulus in the
environment
Metabolism – all chemical reactions that occur
in a living organism; digestion, respiration,
excretion
Growth – to become larger
Reproduction – to produce new offspring of
the same species
Notes
Large hind legs
for jumping from
plant to plant.
Mouthparts for
chewing prey.
Legs for holding
onto grass stems.
What would be the best title for the
diagram?
a. How a Grasshopper Hops
b. A Flying Insect
c. Adaptations for Survival
d. The Life Cycle of a Grasshopper
2. Which statement best illustrates migration?
a. A bear goes into a deep sleep during the
winter months.
b. Leaves fall from a tree in autumn.
c. A hawk leaves its nest in search of food.
d. A monarch butterfly flies to Mexico in
late October.
3. The diagram below shows a fish tank.
Water
Fish
Plant
Gravel
Which objects in the fish tank are made of
cells?
a. water and fish, only
b. fish and plant, only
c. plant and gravel, only
d. water, fish, plant, and gravel
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
4. The cartoon below shows why some animals
have become threatened.
18
Use the table of animal characteristics below to
answer questions 7 through 9.
Animal
The cartoon is a reminder that an animal’s
survival depends on how it …
a. uses water as its source for energy
b. is influenced by human actions
c. adjusts to its environment
d. recycles renewable resources
5. The diagram below shows a community of
living things.
Life Span
(in the wild)
Elephant
~70 years
Tiger
~20 years
Lynx
~10 years
Coyote
5 to 6 years
Diet
Roots,
leaves, and
grasses
Antelope,
and other
animals
Deer,
rodents, and
other small
animals
Grasses,
grains, and
small animals
Range
Asia, Africa
Asia
Europe,
Asia, and
North
America
North
America
7. According to the table, which animal eats
both plants and animals?
a. elephant
b. tiger
c. coyote
d. lynx
8. According to the table, which animals could
be in competition with each other?
a. lynx and coyote
b. elephant and tiger
c. elephant and lynx
d. coyote and tiger
Which gas is released as a waste product of
respiration by the seahorse, the fish, and
the plant?
a. oxygen
b. nitrogen
c. hydrogen
d. carbon dioxide
6. Which of the following is not essential to the
life of an individual?
a. metabolism
b. response
c. adaptation
d. reproduction
9. Which animal would be considered an
herbivore?
a. tiger
b. elephant
c. lynx
d. coyote
10. Animals that cannot … changes in their
environment are not likely to survive.
a. adapt to
b. recognize
c. ignore
d. joke about
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
19
Living Organisms – Extended Response
An ecologist is studying the feeding habits of
small mammals in the Arizona desert. She wants
to find out how different species of rodents –
the kangaroo rat, Arizona pocket mouse, Bailey
pocket mouse, and desert pocket mouse – can
all eat seeds and survive.
The ecologist decides to investigate two
different ideas:
A. each kind of rodent eats different kinds
of seeds or,
B. they eat in different locations around
the desert
She discovers that B is correct, the four species
of rodents eat the same kinds of seeds in
different places.
Kangaroo Rat
Arizona pocket mouse
1. Explain what would happen if the rodents
were forced to eat in the same location due
to habitat loss.
Bailey pocket mouse
Desert pocket mouse
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
20
Fungi – Key Words and Ideas
Fungi – Multiple Choice
Fungi – kingdom of organisms including
mushrooms, yeasts, and molds
1. Why are most fungi classified as
decomposers?
a. they make food through photosynthesis
b. they require cell division for growth and
repair
c. the belong to a large group of producers
d. they depend on dead plants and animals
for food
Multi-cellular – made of many cells; in fungi
cells form threadlike tubes called hyphae
Heterotrophic – organisms that obtain food by
digesting other living organisms
Decomposer – organisms that obtain nutrients
by breaking down dead and decaying living
matter
Spores – reproductive structure of fungi
Lichens – symbiotic relationship between
fungus and algae
Notes
2. Most fungi obtain food by …
a. hunting and killing their prey
b. converting carbon dioxide into food
c. absorbing nutrients from other
organisms
d. making food from water droplets
3. Mushrooms and other fungi reproduce …
a. asexually, by spores
b. asexually, by seeds
c. sexually, by spores
d. sexually, by seeds
4. Which statement best shows how
microorganisms are beneficial to humans?
a. bacteria are used to produce cheese
b. bacteria can cause meat to spoil
c. viruses cause the common cold
d. some fungi cause Athlete’s foot
5. Which of the following does not apply to
the Fungus kingdom?
a. heterotrophic
b. autotrophic
c. non-motile
d. multi-cellular
Fungi – Extended Response
1. Design an experiment to test how much
moisture is optimal for mushrooms growth.
Be sure to include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hypothesis
Variable
Controls
Procedure
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
21
Plants – Key Words and Ideas
Plants – Multiple Choice
Autotrophic – the process of making ones own
food (energy)
1. Which living things are classified as
producers?
a. fungi
b. animals
c. green plants
d. bacteria of decay
Photosynthesis – the process by which plants
use energy from sunlight to make their own
food
Chloroplast – organelle in plant cells that
contains chlorophyll
Chlorophyll – the chemical pigment in
chloroplasts that traps sunlight for
photosynthesis
Translocation – the process of moving
nutrients and water around within a plant
Xylem – tubes that transport water within a
plant
Phloem – tubes that transport nutrients within
a plant
Transpiration – the loss of water by plants due
to evaporation into the environment
Photosynthesis Formula:
light
CO2 + H2O ---------------- Glucose + O2
chlorophyll
Notes
2. Which organism can not produce its own
food?
a. fish
b. grass
c. maple tree
d. rosebush
3. Green plants supply a food chain with ..
a. energy
b. carbon dioxide
c. consumers
d. decomposers
4. One way in which plants differ from most
animals is that plants …
a. can make their own food
b. give off carbon dioxide
c. produce offspring
d. need energy for growth
5. In which process do some living things use
carbon dioxide and produce oxygen?
a. photosynthesis
b. excretion
c. respiration
d. digestion
6. What is the source of energy for the
process of photosynthesis?
a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. water
d. sunlight
7. During photosynthesis, green plants use
light energy to …
a. regulate water in the cells
b. remove waste materials
c. produce food
d. rebuild cells
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
8. The diagram below represents one life
process that takes place in a leaf.
22
Plants – Extended Response
The diagram below shows an experiment set up
to determine how plants lose water.
Which life process is shown in the diagrams?
a. respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. reproduction
d. digestion
9. The diagram below shows a green plant that
has been place in water and exposed to
light. The plant releases gas, which is
represented by the bubbles entering area A.
A
B
C
A
Which gas is entering area A in the greatest
amount?
a. oxygen
b. hydrogen
c. nitrogen
d. helium
10. Which of the following processes occurs
when plants lose water to their
surroundings?
a. photosynthesis
b. translocation
c. transpiration
d. evaporation
water
The test tubes were massed at the beginning of
the experiment and the following day. The
results are shown in the table below.
Test Tube
Mass of
Tube and
Contents on
Day 1
Mass of
Tube and
Contents on
Day 2
A
33.0 g
29.5 g
B
28.0 g
27.5 g
C
26.0 g
26.0 g
1. Which test tube lost the most mass?
2. Explain what plant process may have been
the cause of this loss of mass.
3. What function does tube C serve? Explain.
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
23
Animals – Key Words and Ideas
Animals – Multiple Choice
Heterotrophic – organisms that obtain food by
digesting other living organisms
1. Which activity most directly helps organisms
avoid harsh environmental conditions?
a. hibernation
b. respiration
c. digestion
d. sterilization
Adaptation – a change that helps an organism
better fit in its environment; increases survival
Hibernation – adaptation by which organisms
temporarily avoid harsh conditions by entering a
dormant state (sleeping)
Migration – adaptation by which organisms
travel to a more suitable environment during
part of their life time
2. The diagram below shows an exchange of
materials between living things and their
environment.
Notes
Which life process do the animals illustrate
in this diagram?
a. digestion
b. reproduction
c. respiration
d. circulation
3. The series of changes an organism goes
through as it develops and produces
offspring is called a …
a. food chain
b. living system
c. natural balance
d. life cycle
4. To avoid extreme winter temperatures,
some animals leave a cold climate and travel
to a warmer climate. This activity is called …
a. dormancy
b. respiration
c. migration
d. hibernation
5. For animals, hibernation and migration are
both activities by which …
a. feeding occurs
b. reproduction occurs
c. predators are avoided
d. harsh conditions are avoided
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
6. The diagram below shows a process.
24
9. Both the beetle and the stinging wasp can
be classified as …
a. consumers
b. producers
c. microorganisms
d. decomposers
What does the process represent?
a. food chain
b. recycling unit
c. life cycle of an organism
d. reproductive system within an organism
7. The diagram below shows an incomplete
example of how living things depend on one
another.
O2
Animals – Extended Response
?
Which gas would best complete this
diagram?
a. nitrogen
b. carbon dioxide
c. oxygen
d. hydrogen
8. The diagrams below show a beetle that
looks like a stinging wasp that lives in the
same area.
Beetle
10. According to the cartoon above, the vultures
would best be described as a …
a. producer
b. mutualist
c. decomposer
d. scavenger
Stinging Wasp
1. Lyme disease is an infectious disease
transmitted to humans by a deer tick (a
small animal related to spiders). The
numbers in the diagram below show how
many cases of lyme disease were reported
in 1999 in several northeastern states. On
your answer sheet, create a bar graph that
shows the occurrence of Lyme disease from
the most reported cases to the least
reported cases in these states.
Northeastern U.S.
New York
4,262
Massachusetts
1,640
Rhode Island
464
Connecticut
2,302
New Jersey
1,300
looks like
This “look-alike” adaptation probably makes
it possible for the beetle to …
a. digest food
b. decompose plant matter
c. produce pollen
d. confuse predators
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
25
Ecology – Key Words and Ideas
Ecology – Multiple Choice
Ecology – the study of how all living things
interact with one another and with their physical
environment
1. The diagram below shows changes that may
occur over time in a forest.
Biodiversity – the degree of variation and
number of living organisms in an area
Biome – major regional or global biotic
community, such as grassland or desert,
characterized chiefly by the dominant forms of
plant life and the prevailing climate
Ecosystem – the relationship between the
community (plants and animals) and the nonliving factors with which they interact
Community – all of the populations of living
things interacting in a given area
Population – all members of the same type of
living things in a given area (same species)
Habitat – area or type of environment in which
an organism lives
Niche – role or job an organism plays in the
environment
Ecological succession – changes in a
community that occurs over a long period of
time as a community reaches a state of balance
Pioneer community – first community that
enters a barren or recently destroyed area
Climax community – a relatively stable group
of populations that usually occurs at the end of
ecological succession
Notes
Which statement is best supported by the
diagram?
a. Forest fires have little effect on an
ecosystem.
b. Trees are a renewable resource.
c. Natural communities remain the same
over time.
d. Grasses and shrubs are nonrenewable
resources.
2. Which human activity changes ecosystems?
a. predicting weather
b. damming rivers
c. measuring earthquakes
d. observing animal behavior
3. Which resource is not renewable?
a. wind
b. minerals
c. water
d. plants
4. Nutrients for living things in an ecosystem
are made available by the …
a. conversion of potential energy to kinetic
energy
b. recycling of dead plant and animal
matter
c. conversion of light energy into carbon
dioxide
d. recycling of water into the water cycle
5. Which is an example of a natural
community?
a. books on a shelf
b. rocks on a beach
c. goldfish in a fish tank
d. living things in a pond
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
6. The diagram below shows a pond
community.
26
10. The diagrams below show how the land in a
certain area looked at different times after a
forest fire.
In this community, oxygen is produced by
the …
a. clay sediments
b. green plants
c. sun
d. fish
7. Earth’s nonrenewable resources my
eventually run out. One way humans can
delay this is by …
a. decomposing the resources
b. reproducing the resources
c. using up the resources
d. recycling the resources
8. It is important to have a great biodiversity
because it provides humans with …
a. diversity of food sources
b. diversity of sources of medicines
c. industrial diversity
d. all of the above
9. All of the living and non-living things in an
area constitute …
a. a population
b. a community
c. an ecosystem
d. a habitat
Which arrangement of pictures shows the
usual sequence of change?
a. 4  2  1  3
b. 2  3  4  1
c. 3  2  4  1
d. 2  1  3  4
Ecology – Extended Response
There were no naturally
occurring rabbits in Australia.
People thought that due to
Australia’s climate and grasses
that grow there, it would be a
good place to raise rabbits.
However, Australia also lacks
many natural predators.
1. What do you think happened to the number
of rabbits in Australia?
2. How could this cause and environmental
problem?
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
27
Food Webs – Key Words and Ideas
Food Webs – Multiple Choice
Sun – source of energy for life on Earth
1. Which diagram is correctly labeled?
Food chain – a sequence of organisms through
which nutrients (energy) are passed in a
ecosystem
a.
Food web – a number of interconnecting food
chains
Energy pyramid – a 3-D representation of
biomass and energy in an ecosystem; energy
decreases as you go up the pyramid
Producer 
Consumer
b.
Producer – an organism that can make its own
energy from sunlight; plants and algae
Consumer – an organism that obtains nutrients
by eating other organisms
Energy Source 
Producer

Producer

Consumer
c.
Herbivore – a plant-eating animal
Carnivore – a meat-eating animal
Omnivore – an animal that eats both plants
and animals
Energy resource  Consumer  Producer
d.
Predator – an organism that hunts and eats
other organisms
Prey – an organism that is hunted
Scavenger – an organism that finds dead
organisms to eat
Energy source  Producer 
Consumer
2. The diagram below represents a simple food
web in a natural community.
Notes
Caterpillars
Plants
Birds
Bacteria
A large increase in the number of birds in
the food web would most likely result in …
a. a decrease in the number of caterpillars
b. a decrease in the number of bacteria
and plants
c. an increase in the number of plants and
caterpillars
d. an increase in the number of
caterpillars, only
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
3. The diagram below shows relationships
between organisms within a natural
community.
Which would be the best label for the
diagram?
a. a life cycle
b. a food web
c. reproduction
d. recycling
4. Most of the energy in the food web is
supplied by the …
a. deer
b. bacteria
c. vulture
d. green plants
28
Food Webs – Extended Response
1. Identify one producer in this food web.
2. Identify one herbivore in this food web.
3. Identify one carnivore in this food web.
4. Identify one omnivore in this food web.
5. Explain why removing the snake from this
food web might result in a decrease in the
grasshopper population.
5. In a food chain, which organism is a
producer?
a. frog
b. grasshopper
c. bean plant
d. raccoon
6. Which is the best label for the diagram
above?
a. a life cycle
b. a food web
c. reproduction
d. recycling
6. Diagram the food chain that is represented
in the energy pyramid.
7. Describe what happens to the amount of
energy available as you ascend (go up) the
pyramid and why.
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
29
Cycles in Nature – Key Words and Ideas
Cycles in Nature – Multiple Choice
Evaporation – the changing of liquid water into
water vapor (gas)
Base your answers on questions 1 through 4 on
the diagram below of the water cycle.
Condensation – the changing of water vapor
into liquid water
Precipitation – the falling of water in the form
of rain, snow, or hail
Runoff – the movement of water over land
Ground water – water that is absorbed by the
Earth’s surface (soil)
Respiration – the process of using oxygen to
obtain energy from food; carbon dioxide is the
waste product
Photosynthesis – the process by which plants
and algae create energy from sunlight
Notes
1. Which number represents the part of the
water cycle known as precipitation?
a. 3
b. 1
c. 2
d. 4
2. At location 3, water is changing mostly form
a…
a. solid to a liquid
b. solid to a gas
c. gas to a liquid
d. liquid to a gas
3. The energy for this cycle is provided by the
a. mountains
b. clouds
c. sun
d. ocean
4. Which letter represents water that is
condensing?
a. 5
b. 3
c. 2
d. 4
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
Base your answers on questions 5 through 8 on
the diagram of the nitrogen cycle below.
30
Cycles in Nature – Extended Response
1. Describe how plants and animals are
involved in the natural cycling of oxygen and
carbon dioxide and the processes involved.
5. Which of the organisms in the diagram can
use nitrogen gas (N2)?
a. plants
b. animals
c. mushrooms
d. bacteria
6. Plants take in nitrogen in the form of …
a. nitrogen gas
b. ammonium
c. protein
d. nitrates
7. Which of the following terms means to
incorporate or take in?
a. assimilation
b. nitrifying
c. ammonification
d. fixation
8. Which of the organisms in the diagram
would be considered decomposers?
a. plant and mouse
b. mouse and bacteria
c. bacteria and plants
d. mushrooms and bacteria
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
31
Evolution – Key Words and Ideas
Evolution – Multiple Choice
Adaptation – a characteristic that helps an
organism survive in its habitat
1. The diagram below shows the rock layers in
a oil field. Letters A, R, S, and Z represent
different rock layers.
Evolution – the process by which a species
gradually becomes a different species
Law of Superposition – states that in an area
that is undisturbed, the oldest layers are on the
bottom (referring to rocks and fossils)
Fossil – the remains and traces of ancient
organisms
Z
Notes
Which rock layer is most likely the youngest?
a. A
b. R
c. S
d. Z
2. The picture below shows a woodpecker
using its long, sharp beak to drill for insects.
The specialized beak of the woodpecker is
an example of …
a. a response to a stimulus
b. an adaptation for survival
c. the interdependence of organisms
d. an organ system
3. A rock that contains fossil seashells was
most likely formed as a result of …
a. volcanic activity
b. sedimentation
c. heat and pressure
d. magma cooling
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
4. Pigeons building nests under highway
bridges is an example of how one type of
organism …
a. adjusts to changes in its environment
b. exchanges materials with its
surroundings
c. depends on the ecosystem for food
d. recycles nutrients in an ecosystem
5. The cross-section below shows fossils in
undisturbed rock layers that form a cliff.
Which conclusion is best supported by the
diagram?
a. reptiles developed from dinosaurs
b. past environments were hot and dry
c. invertebrates and early mammals lived
in the same type of environment
d. jawed fish existed on Earth before
dinosaurs
32
Evolution – Extended Response
1. Describe how birds have evolved specific
beaks that correspond to the type of food
they eat. Give at least four examples in
your response.
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
Human Body I – Key Words and Ideas
33
Notes
Cells - the smallest unit of life
Tissues – groups of cells with similar structure
and function
Organs – groups of tissues organized to
perform a particular task
Organ systems – groups of organs that work
together to perform a necessary life function;
respiration, circulation, digestion, etc.
4 Types of Tissues
Muscle tissue – moves the body and
substances within the body; biceps, triceps,
heart, artery walls
Nerve tissue – transmits messages throughout
the body; brain, nerve cord, neurons
Epithelial tissue – covers the surface of the
body and internal organs; skin, lining of the
digestive system
Connective tissue – connects and holds
together parts of the body; blood, bone,
cartilage, tendons, ligaments
Systems of the Human Body
ORGAN SYSTEM
FUNCTION
Integumentary (skin)
Protects; receives stimuli from the environment; helps control body
temperature; produces vitamin D; removes some waste
Skeletal
Supports and protects the body; allows movement; makes blood cells
Muscular
Moves the body and substances within it
Digestive
Breaks down food into simple nutrients that body cells can use
Circulatory
Delivers nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carries away wastes from cell
Lymphatic
Helps protect the body from disease causing organisms
Respiratory
Moves oxygen through the blood and carbon dioxide out of the body;
provides the body with oxygen necessary to turn nutrients into energy
Excretory
Removes cells waste products from the body
Nervous
Receives and transmits messages throughout the body
Endocrine
Controls many body functions with chemicals (hormones); coordinates
systems; maintains homeostasis
Reproductive
Produces male and female sex cells; female organs nourish and protect
developing embryo
Immune
Protects the body against disease causing organisms and substances
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
Human Body I – Multiple Choice
1. The diagram below shows some organs of
the human body.
34
6. The endocrine system is made up of …
a. nerves that carry messages
b. glands that secrete hormones
c. organs that remove waste
d. muscles that carry out movement
7. Urea, urine, and sweat are removed from
the body by the …
a. endocrine system
b. excretory system
c. digestive system
d. reproductive system
Which body system is shown?
a. digestive
b. endocrine
c. excretory
d. reproductive
2. Different groups of organs that work
together in the human body are called …
a. cells
b. tissues
c. systems
d. organisms
3. The human skeletal system includes the …
a. brain, nerves, and spinal cord
b. skull, spinal column, and ribs
c. mouth, esophagus, and stomach
d. heart, blood, and arteries
8. Many internal organs of the body are
supported and protected by the …
a. lungs
b. skeleton
c. blood
d. kidneys
9. The energy content in food is measured in
a. ounces
b. degrees
c. grams
d. calories
10. Adrenalin is a hormone secreted by a gland
in …
a. digestive system
b. reproductive system
c. endocrine system
d. respiratory system
11. The diagram below shows some organs in
the human body.
4. A person’s breathing rate increases as the
person runs faster because the …
a. heart rate slows down
b. body cells must release more energy
c. amount of solid wastes increases
d. rate of digestion must increase
5. Food is transported to human body cells by
the …
a. nervous system
b. excretory system
c. respiratory system
d. circulatory system
Which body system includes these organs?
a. male excretory
b. female excretory
c. male reproductive
d. female reproductive
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
12. Which system removes waste products from
the human body?
a. endocrine
b. nervous
c. excretory
d. circulatory
13. The table below shows the percentage
increase in various diseases contracted
between 1986 and 1990 by people age 15
to 19.
Disease
Measles
35
Human Body I – Extended Response
Heart
Blood
vessels
Percent Increase
Between 1986 - 1989
168
Tuberculosis
12
AIDS
215
Syphilis
65
Human
Which disease had the largest percent
increase for this age group?
a. measles
b. tuberculosis
c. AIDS
d. syphilis
14. Which group of structures coordinates and
controls body functions?
a. endocrine glands, brain, nerves
b. bones, muscle, cartilage
c. tongue, esophagus, stomach
d. heart, veins, capillaries
15. In which activity do involuntary muscles play
a primary role?
a. digesting food in the stomach
b. chewing a sandwich
c. walking to school
d. playing the piano
Plant
1. Identify and explain how the two systems
shown above are alike.
2. Explain why these systems alone are not
enough to sustain life.
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
Human Body II – Multiple Choice
1. The diagram below shows some organs in
the human body.
36
4. The growth, repair, and reproduction of an
organism all require …
a. locomotion
b. sterilization
c. cell division
d. migration
5. The cartoon below shows soldiers running
for the men’s room.
What is the main function of the labeled
structures in the diagram?
a. digestion of food
b. exchange of gases
c. production of hormones
d. formation of offspring
2. Which human body system controls
production of the hormones that regulate
body functions?
e. digestive
f. endocrine
g. respiratory
h. skeletal
3. The table below lists some diseases and a
likely cause of each disease.
Disease
Likely Cause
Diabetes
Malfunctioning pancreas
Skin cancer
Radiation from the sun
Lung cancer
Cigarette smoking
Tuberculosis
Invasion by a microorganism
Which disease is infectious?
a. diabetes
b. skin cancer
c. lung cancer
d. tuberculosis
Which human body system causes the
soldiers to need to use the men’s room?
a. nervous system
b. excretory system
c. respiratory system
d. circulatory system
6. Trachea is to the respiratory system, as the
esophagus is to the …
a. digestive system
b. excretory system
c. nervous system
d. muscular system
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
37
7. The diagram below shows one system of the
human body.
9. The diagram below shows an air sac
surrounded by capillaries in a lung.
Which two human body systems are working
together in the diagram?
a. respiratory and circulatory
b. respiratory and nervous
c. circulatory and digestive
d. circulatory and reproductive
What is the primary activity of this system?
a. hormones are secreted to control growth
b. food particles are broken down
physically and chemically
c. waste products are filtered out of the
body
d. blood is circulated throughout the body
10. The diagram below shows an organ of the
human body.
8. The diagram below shows one way in which
the human body receives and sends out
information.
?
Which body system includes the organ
shown in the diagram above?
a. digestive system
b. circulatory system
c. endocrine system
d. respiratory system
Which organ completes the diagram at
position 4?
a. heart
b. liver
c. stomach
d. brain
LIFE SCIENCE REVIEW BOOK
11. The diagram below shows the basic
organization of body structures.
38
Human Body II – Extended Response
1. The diagram below is used to show how the
human respiratory system works.
1
2
Which list of words correctly matches the
diagram above?
a. cell  tissue  organ  system
b. cell  system  tissue  organ
c. cell  tissue  system  organ
d. tissue  cell  organ  system
3
4
Describe what living structure each part of
the model represents and how they function
in breathing in and out.
2. The graph below shows the lung capacity of
smokers versus non-smokers.
What relationship about the effect of
smoking on lung capacity does this graph
demonstrate?