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2nd Term Final
Revision sheet
 Students Name: _______________________________
 Grade:
7 – A/B
 Subject: Science
Teacher Signature
_________________
Grade 7
2nd Term Final Exam Revision Sheet
Science
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____
1. The figure below shows the rotation of the sun.
How is rotation of the equator of the sun different from the rotation of the poles of the sun?
A. The equator rotates more slowly than the poles.
B. The equator rotates more rapidly than the poles.
C. The equator and the poles rotate at the same speed.
D. The sun does not rotate, so the equator and the poles do not rotate.
____
2. The sun is made up of different elements. Which element makes up more than 70 percent of the sun?
A. carbon
B. helium
C. oxygen
D. hydrogen
____
3. Here is an image of the sun.
What is the name of the object that can be seen in the circled area of the sun?
A. sunspot
B. solar flare
C.
prominence
____
D. gamma rays
4. In convection, hot gases rise through cooler gases as they travel to the top of the convective zone. Once they
reach the top of the convective zone, they cool. What happens to these gases next?
A. They create sunspots.
B. They sink back down.
C. They give off energy in solar flares.
D. They begin the process of nuclear fusion.
____
5. The sun is made up of six different layers. Three of these layers make up the interior of the sun. The
remaining three layers make up the sun’s atmosphere. Which is the innermost layer of the sun?
A.
B.
C.
D.
core
corona
chromosphere
convective zone
____
6. During a solar maximum, sunspot activity reaches its highest level. How often does this peak in solar activity
happen?
A. about once every 11 years
B. about once every year
C. about once every 11 months
D. about once every month
____
7. The diagram below shows the different layers of the sun. The sun can be divided into six layers that are
different from each other based on certain characteristics, such as temperature and composition.
Which layer of the sun is represented by letter T?
A. chromosphere
B. corona
C.
____
photosphere
D.
radiative zone
8. Why is nuclear fusion possible only in the cores of stars?
A. Hydrogen exists only at the core of stars.
B. Hydrogen and helium nuclei require a lot of light to bond together.
C. High temperatures and pressures, which are required for fusion to occur, only occur in the core.
D. E = mc2 only works in the cores of stars.
____
9. The sunspot cycle is a period of about 11 years when the number of sunspots rises or falls. What are
sunspots?
A. a light area on the sun’s corona that is hotter than surrounding areas
B. a darker area on the photosphere that is cooler than surrounding areas
C. a spot with a weaker magnetic field
D. a spot easily seen without a microscope
____ 10. Kevin is describing the orbit of Earth. At what point in Earth’s orbit is Earth farthest from the sun?
A. when Earth reaches aphelion
B. when Earth reaches perihelion
C. when Earth reaches its fastest speed
D. when Earth reaches its average distance from the sun
____ 11. Which of these choices states Kepler’s first law of planetary motion?
A. As a planet moves around its orbit, the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal amounts of time.
B. The orbit of a planet or other body around the sun is an ellipse, and the sun is one focus of the
ellipse.
C. The square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of the planet’s mean distance
from the sun.
D. Gravitational force increases as the mass of an object increases or as the distance between two
objects decreases.
____ 12. Diana is explaining centripetal force to some younger students. Which example illustrates the concept of
centripetal force?
A. Centripetal force is a force that makes a body follow a curved path.
B. Centripetal force is a force that makes objects move in straight lines.
C. Centripetal force is a force that is directed away from a center of rotation.
D. Centripetal force is a force in which a smaller body acts on a larger celestial body.
____ 13. What role did gravity play in forming the sun?
A. Gravity turned the protoplanetary disk into a planetesimal, which became the sun.
B. Gravity turned the protoplanetary disk into a rotating solar nebula, which became the sun.
C. Gravity caused the solar nebula to collapse toward the center, causing the center of the sun
to be dense and hot.
D. Gravity caused small particles to collide to form larger particles called planetesimals,
which eventually formed the sun.
____ 14. Eric is creating a timeline of the formation of the solar system. Which sequence best describes the formation
of the solar system?
A. solar nebula  protostellar disk  nuclear fusion  sun  planetesimals  planets
B. solar nebula  protostellar disk nuclear fusion  planetesimals  planets  sun
C. protostellar disk  nuclear fusion  sun  solar nebula  planetesimals  planets
D. solar nebula  nuclear fusion  sun  planets  planetesimals  protostellar disk
____ 15. Which of the following is the primary reason Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system?
A. The atmosphere of Venus reflects sunlight back into space.
B. The surface of Venus absorbs solar radiation from the sun.
C. The rotation of Venus affects how the sun’s rays penetrate its atmosphere.
D. The atmosphere of Venus radiates heat back down to the surface of the planet.
____ 16. Unlike Earth, which tilts on its axis, Mercury has no axial tilt. How does Mercury’s lack of axial tilt affect its
seasons?
A. Mercury has no seasons.
B. Mercury has two seasons.
C. Mercury has longer seasons.
D. Mercury has shorter seasons.
____ 17. Venus and Earth have similar surface gravities. Mercury and Mars have almost the same surface gravity, even
though Mercury is much smaller. Density is related to the force of gravity. The figure below contains
information about the densities of the four planets.
Which of these statements explains the similar surface gravities on Mars and Mercury?
A. Mars is denser than Mercury.
B. Mars is smaller than Mercury.
C. Mars is less dense than Mercury.
D. Mars is less rocky than Mercury.
____ 18. Mars’ year is 686 days long. That is about twice as long as a year on Earth. Why is a year on Mars so long?
A. Mars’ orbit is elliptical.
B. Mars’ atmosphere is very thin.
C. Mars’ rotation speed is very slow.
D. Mars’ orbit is the longest of the terrestrial planets.
____ 19. What is the order of the distances of the terrestrial planets from the Sun, from farthest to closest?
A. Mars, Venus, Earth, Mercury
B. Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury
C. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
D. Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury
____ 20. Which of the following statements best describes the characteristics of the terrestrial planets?
A. small, dense, rocky surfaces
B. large, planetary rings; many moons
C. rocky cores; close to sun; surface craters
D. made up of hydrogen and helium; small; close to sun
____ 21. Earth is 1 AU away from the sun. This distance stays nearly the same as Earth revolves around the sun. This
is because Earth’s orbit is almost circular. Mercury’s orbit is elliptical. What does this mean in regard to
Mercury’s distance from the sun?
A. Mercury follows an irregular path around the sun.
B. Mercury’s distance from the sun is always the same.
C. Mercury travels farther from the sun than Earth does.
D. Mercury’s distance from the sun varies in predictable ways.
____ 22. Earth is made up of layers. The figure below shows the composition of Earth’s layers.
Which of these statements best describes the density of Earth’s layers?
A. Density is greatest in the crust.
B. Density increases from crust to core.
C. Density decreases from crust to core.
D. Density increases and then decreases from crust to core.
____ 23. Venus and Earth have similar gravities. Mercury and Mars have almost the same gravity, even though
Mercury is much smaller. Density affects the force of gravity. The figure below contains information about
the densities of four planets.
Which of these statements explains the similar gravities on Mars and Mercury?
A. Mercury is denser than Mars.
B. Mercury is smaller than Mars.
C. Mercury is not as dense as Mars.
D. Mercury has more rocks than Mars does.
____ 24. Which of the following temperatures is least likely to be recorded on Earth’s surface?
A. –75°C
B. 0°C
C. 50°C
D. 100°C
____ 25. Earth, Mercury, and Venus are all classified as terrestrial planets. When compared to Earth, which of the
following is true of Mercury and Venus?
A. Mercury and Venus have a higher surface gravity than Earth.
B. Mercury and Venus have a longer period of revolution than Earth.
C. Mercury and Venus have slower periods of rotation (longer days) than Earth.
D. Mercury and Venus are farther away from the sun than Earth.
____ 26. How would a circle graph of Earth’s atmosphere differ from a circle graph of Jupiter’s atmosphere?
A. The largest sectors for Earth would be nitrogen and oxygen, not hydrogen and helium.
B. The largest sectors for Earth would be hydrogen and oxygen, not hydrogen and helium.
C. The helium sector would be larger for Earth, and the hydrogen sector would be smaller.
D. The largest sectors for Earth would be carbon dioxide and oxygen, not hydrogen and
helium.
____ 27. How does the distance of Earth from the sun compare to the distance of the gas giants from the sun?
A. Earth is much closer to the sun than the gas giants are.
B. Earth is much farther from the sun than the gas giants are.
C. Earth and the gas giants are about the same distance from the sun.
D. Earth is located within the solar system with the sun, and the gas giants are located outside
the solar system.
____ 28. What is the best way to explain why spacecraft have not been sent deep within Jupiter to explore the planet?
A. Jupiter is too far from Earth.
B. Jupiter is much denser than Earth.
C. Jupiter has too rapid a period of rotation.
D. Jupiter has much greater atmospheric pressure than Earth does.
____ 29. Satellite photos of Neptune and Uranus show that both planets have a bluish color. Which gas in their
atmospheres gives them this color?
A. water
B. helium
C. methane
D. hydrogen
____ 30. Johannes Kepler developed the laws of planetary motion. One of his laws describes the relationship between
the period of revolution and a planet’s distance from the sun. The line graph below shows how the period of
revolution of the gas giant planets relates to their distance from the sun.
Which planet has a period of revolution in years that is about three times the value of its distance from the sun
in AU?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Jupiter
Neptune
Saturn
Uranus
____ 31. The planets in the solar system have a wide range of temperatures. Earth’s temperatures range from about –89
°C to about 58 °C. How do the temperatures on Neptune compare to Earth’s temperatures?
A.
B.
C.
D.
much hotter
much colder
slightly cooler
slightly warmer
____ 32. Which of the following is a list of the gas giant planets?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
Earth, Mars, and Venus
Pluto, Saturn, and Jupiter
Earth, Jupiter, Neptune, and Saturn
____ 33. People sometimes talk about seeing shooting stars. What do they actually see?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a meteoroid traveling through space
a star that is moving through the galaxy
a meteoroid that burns up in Earth’s atmosphere
a comet that has come close enough to Earth’s atmosphere to be seen
____ 34. Ceres, Pluto, and Eris are all dwarf planets. In what order would you put them in a list from fastest to slowest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Eris, Pluto, Ceres
Pluto, Ceres, Eris
Ceres, Eris, Pluto
Ceres, Pluto, Eris
____ 35. Where is the Kuiper belt located?
A.
B.
C.
D.
outside the orbit of Neptune
between the orbits of Earth and Mars
between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars
between the orbits of Neptune and Jupiter
____ 36. Which of the following consists mostly of small bodies of ice located just beyond Neptune’s orbit?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the asteroid belt
the Kuiper belt
a meteor shower
the Oort cloud
____ 37. The following table lists information about comets in orbit around the sun.
Comet Name
Comet Size
Comet Speed
Rasmussen
1 km
750,000 km/h
Zigler
10 km
2 km/h
Schier
5 km
1.5 million km/h
Brant
3 km
3,700 km/h
Using what you know about comets, which comet is in the closest orbit to the sun?
A. Rasmussen
B. Zigler
C. Schier
D. Brant
____ 38. An astronomer observes four stars from two different locations on Earth. For which star will the astronomer
observe the greatest parallax?
A. the star that is 3.4 AU from Earth
B. the star that is 4.2 AU from Earth
C. the star that is 6.8 AU from Earth
D. the star that is 10.4 AU from Earth
____ 39. Galileo used a telescope to see objects in the universe that had not been previously seen. The drawing below
shows what he might have concluded from his observations of Jupiter.
What did Galileo’s observations show?
A. Planets had elliptical orbits.
B. All celestial bodies orbited Earth.
C. All celestial bodies orbited the sun.
D. Planets other than Earth had bodies moving around them.
____ 40. Johannes Kepler mathematically determined the motion of planets in our solar system. He stated those results
in his laws of planetary motion. According to these laws, how do planets move in the solar system?
A. circular orbits around Earth
B. elliptical orbits around Earth
C. circular orbits around the sun
D. elliptical orbits around the sun
____ 41. The diagram below shows several objects in space.
Which of these choices best identifies what the diagram shows?
A. location of comets
B. geocentric star system
C. heliocentric solar system
D. galaxy that is nearest to Earth
____ 42. Which information or method did Ptolemy use to develop a model of the solar system?
A. parallax problem
B. heliocentric theory
C. mathematical models
D. telescope observations
____ 43. Copernicus challenged the way in which people of his time thought about the solar system. How did
Copernicus describe the motion of the sun?
A. The sun is stationary.
B. The sun revolves around Earth.
C. The sun moves in an elliptical orbit.
D. The sun moves in a straight line through space.
____ 44. How does Ptolemy’s model of the universe compare with Aristotle’s model?
A. Both models are heliocentric.
B. Both models are based on parallax.
C. Both models show that celestial objects have circular paths.
D. Both models show that celestial objects have elliptical paths.
____ 45. According to the model developed by Copernicus, what causes day and night on Earth?
A. Earth rotates on its axis.
B. Earth revolves around the sun.
C. Planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths.
D. All parts of the Solar System move in circular paths.
____ 46. Which term describes the apparent shift in the position of an object when a person views it from different
locations?
A. ellipses
B. parallax
C. axis of rotation
D. parallax problem
____ 47. According to Copernicus, what causes the year and seasons on Earth?
A. Earth’s wobble on its axis
B. Earth’s rotation around its axis
C. Earth’s revolution around the sun
D. Earth’s movement relative to the sun and moon
____ 48. This diagram illustrates an historical model of the solar system.
Which type of model is shown?
A.
B.
C.
D.
geocentric model
heliocentric model
Copernican model
Aristarchan model
____ 49. The following image shows the Milky Way galaxy.
Many stars and planets are located in this galaxy, including the sun, Venus, and Jupiter. Which of the
following must therefore be true?
A. The Milky Way is a heliocentric galaxy.
B. Earth is located in a geocentric solar system.
C. Earth’s solar system is located in the Milky Way galaxy.
D. Earth’s solar system includes many different stars and planets.
____ 50. Luis created a clay model of Earth. To show how Earth rotates, Luis wants to use a toothpick to represent
Earth’s axis of rotation. Where should Luis place the toothpick?
A. horizontally through Earth in the direction of Earth’s orbit
B. vertically through the center of Earth, slightly to the side of each pole
C. horizontally through Earth from one side of the equator to the other side
D. diagonally across Earth, halfway between the equator and the two poles
____ 51. A diagram of Earth’s orbit is shown below. Which of these choices best defines the orbit of Earth?
A. the position in space of Earth at a certain time
B. the distance from the sun to Earth at any point
C. the spin of Earth on its axis as it moves forward
D. the path Earth travels as it revolves around the sun
____ 52. The Northern Hemisphere receives more solar energy during one half the year than it does during the other
half of the year. Which of the following happens during the year to explain this?
A. The angle that Earth is tilted on its axis changes.
B. The amount of energy that is produced by the sun changes.
C. The distance of the Northern Hemisphere from the sun changes.
D. The angle at which sunlight reaches the Northern Hemisphere changes.
____ 53. Which of the following is a common characteristic of winter compared to summer?
A. noon sun lower in the sky
B. higher daytime temperatures
C. more daily hours of sunlight
D. longer days and shorter nights
____ 54. What two factors impact the length of a season?
A. Earth’s tilt relative to the moon and Earth’s rotational speed
B. Earth’s tilt relative to the sun and the other planets in the solar system
C. Earth’s tilt relative to the sun and Earth’s position in its orbit around the sun
D. Earth’s rotational speed and Earth’s position in its orbit around the sun and stars
____ 55. When it is winter, the United States receives the least direct solar energy, as compared to the rest of the year.
Why does this happen?
A. The Northern Hemisphere is closer to the sun.
B. The Northern Hemisphere is farther from the sun.
C. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.
D. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
____ 56. When it is summer, the United States receives the most direct solar energy, as compared to the rest of the
year. Why does this happen?
A. The Northern Hemisphere is closer to the sun.
B. The Northern Hemisphere is farther from the sun.
C. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.
D. The Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun.
____ 57. The part of Earth that is tilted toward the sun changes throughout the year, as shown in the diagram below.
In which position is Earth when the Northern Hemisphere is experiencing summer?
A. position A
B. position B
C. position C
D. position D
____ 58. Which question should you ask to find out the length of a planet’s year?
A. How large is the planet?
B. How long does it take the planet to orbit the sun?
C. How much does the planet tilt on its axis of rotation?
D. How long does it take the planet to rotate on its axis?
____ 59. Astronomers use cameras on Earth and in orbit to observe the solar system and other objects in space.
Suppose that a camera on Earth takes a picture of a large, dark, round object in the sky. Which event is most
likely taking place?
A. a lunar eclipse
B. a solar eclipse
C. a first quarter moon
D. a third quarter moon
____ 60. The diagram below presents the phases of the moon as viewed from space. The various positions of the moon
are numbered.
Which position would appear as a waning gibbous moon when viewed from Earth?
A. 2
B.
4
C.
6
D.
8
____ 61. A satellite is an object that revolves around a larger object. Many satellites are orbiting Earth. Which of the
following is an important factor in keeping a communications satellite in orbit around Earth?
A. gravity
B.
heat
C.
light
D. magnetism
____ 62. The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth, the moon, and the sun. The moon is shown at four
possible positions around Earth.
Which position of the moon could result in a solar eclipse?
A. 1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
____ 63. The phases of the moon are the regular changes in how the moon looks from Earth. In which phase is the
moon not visible from Earth?
A. new moon
B. waxing gibbous
C. waxing crescent
D. waning crescent
____ 64. Eclipses are predictable, solar system events. The answer choices below list relative positions of Earth, the
sun, and the moon. Which list represents the position of Earth, the sun, and the moon during a lunar eclipse?
A. sun, moon, Earth
B. Earth, sun, moon
C. sun, Earth, moon
D. moon, sun, Earth
____ 65. Although half of the moon is always illuminated, usually only a portion of the illuminated side is visible from
Earth. The diagram below presents the relative positions of Earth, the sun, and the moon. The positions of the
moon are labeled 1–8.
Which of the moons in the figure are in a gibbous phase?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2 and 4
2 and 8
4 and 6
6 and 8
____ 66. Augustin observes the moon every 3 days for 15 days. He notices that over this 15-day period, the moon
looks different. What accounts for the differences in the appearance of the moon over this time period?
A. the speed of the moon’s orbit
B. the position of Augustin on Earth
C. the distance between Earth and the moon
D. the position of the moon in its orbit around Earth
____ 67. Once a month, Earth passes directly between the moon and the sun. Is a solar eclipse possible during this
time?
A. Yes, because new moons happen when Earth is between the moon and the sun, and solar
eclipses happen only during new moons.
B. No, because new moons happen when Earth is between the moon and the sun, and solar
eclipses happen only during full moons.
C. Yes, because full moons happen when Earth is between the moon and the sun, and solar
eclipses happen only during full moons.
D. No, because full moons happen when Earth is between the moon and the sun, and solar
eclipses happen only during new moons
____ 68. How are the sun, Earth, and moon aligned when spring tides occur?
A. The sun, Earth, and moon form a straight line.
B. The sun, Earth, and moon form a 45-degree angle.
C. The sun, Earth, and moon form a 90-degree angle.
D. The sun, Earth, and moon form a 135-degree angle.
____ 69. Which gravitational pull has the greatest effect on tides?
A. the sun’s gravitational pull on Earth
B. the moon’s gravitational pull on Earth
C. Earth’s gravitational pull on the moon
D. the sun’s gravitational pull on the moon
____ 70. The figure below illustrates ocean water levels in a location on the Florida coast.
What is the tidal range in this location?
A. –1 m
B. 0 m
C. +1 m
D.
2m
____ 71. During which two phases of the moon do spring tides take place?
A. new moon, full moon
B. new moon, first quarter moon
C. third quarter moon, full moon
D. first quarter moon, third quarter moon
____ 72. The tide table below shows the tidal range for a beach in Canada.
Date
High tide time
June 3
June 4
June 5
June 6
June 7
June 8
June 9
June 10
6:04 a.m.
6:58 a.m.
7:51 a.m.
8:42 a.m.
9:30 a.m.
10:16 a.m.
11:01 a.m.
11:46 a.m.
High tide height
(m)
6.11
5.92
5.80
5.75
5.79
5.90
6.08
6.28
Low tide time
12:01 a.m.
12:54 a.m.
1:47 a.m.
2:38 a.m.
3:27 a.m.
4:13 a.m.
4:59 a.m.
5:44 a.m.
Low tide height
(m)
1.76
1.87
1.90
1.87
1.75
1.56
1.32
1.05
June 11
12:32 p.m.
6.47
6:30 a.m.
0.78
Which event that happened on June 6 takes place only twice a month?
A. low tide
B. high tide
C.
neap tide
D.
spring tide
____ 73. Which term describes the periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans and other large bodies of
water?
A. current
B.
neap
C. tide
D. wave
____ 74. The graph below shows tides in Boston Harbor.
Which statement best explains the shift in times of high and low tides each day?
A. The moon rises and sets earlier each day.
B. The sun rises and sets later each day.
C. The moon rises and sets later each day.
D. The sun rises and sets earlier each day.
____ 75. Cassie is writing an equation to show the effect of the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon on tidal
range. Which equation would Cassie use to show the effect of the sun and the moon on spring tides?
A. sun + moon = spring tides
B. sun + Earth = spring tides
C. moon – sun = spring tides
D. Earth – moon = spring tides
____ 76. Roman is writing an equation to show the effect of the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon on tidal
range during neap tides. Which equation would Roman use to show this effect?
A. sun + moon = maximum tidal range
B. sun + Earth = maximum tidal range
C. moon – sun = minimum tidal range
D. Earth – moon = minimum tidal range
____ 77. When Earth, the sun, and the moon align to form a right angle, which type of tide takes place?
A. low tide
B.
high tide
C. neap tide
D. spring tide
____ 78. Taylor and Jose pulled their boat up onto the beach and went on a hike. When they returned, the beach was
covered by water and the boat was floating offshore. What is the most likely explanation?
A. The spring tide came early.
B. The water level rose due to the high tide.
C. The low tide receded and pulled the boat out to sea.
D. The gravitational pull of the sun and moon decreased the tidal range.
____ 79. Which of the following correctly describes how the moon affect tides on Earth?
A. The moon’s gravity pulls water away from Earth, causing high tide on the side of Earth facing the moon.
B. The moon’s gravity pushes water away from Earth, causing low tide on the side of Earth facing the moon.
C.
The moon’s rotation creates a centripetal force that pulls water away from Earth, causing high tide on the
side of Earth facing the moon.
D. The moon’s rotation creates a centripetal force that pushes water away from Earth, causing low tide on the
side of Earth facing the moon.
____ 80. Which is a similarity between a neap tide and a spring tide?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Neap tides occur once a year in fall and spring tides once a year in spring.
Each occurs twice a year and relates to the phases of the moon.
A neap tide occurs at night, and a spring tide occurs during the day.
Each tide occurs twice a month, and is determined by the pull of gravity
of the moon.
Short Answer
1. Study the diagrams below.
Explain what the two diagrams show. What is significant about them? How were these models developed and
by whom? How do the models affect the way we study and think about our solar system?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. Discuss gravitational force in our universe and how it works. Why is it critical to our universe? Name at least
three instances of gravitational forces at work in our solar system.
___________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
3. Name three characteristics of gas giants that make them different from terrestrial planets.
___________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________
4. Eris is the largest known dwarf planet. When it was initially discovered, however, Eris was considered a
planet. What is a dwarf planet?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________
Why is Eris no longer considered a true planet?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain the difference between a meteoroid, a meteor, and a meteorite. Which one would you most likely see
on the surface of Earth?
___________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________
6. Janais lives near the ocean. How do Earth, the sun, and the moon interact to affect Janais’s life?
___________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________
7. Explain what causes tides on Earth and why high and low tides occur.
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
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Fill in the Blanks,
1. ____________________ is the process in which energy is released as the nuclei of small atoms combine to
form a larger nucleus.
2. The solar system formed from a ____________________, which is a rotating cloud of gas and dust that
formed into the sun and planets.
3. Earth, Venus, Mars, and Mercury are considered ___________________, which are highly dense planets
nearest the sun.
4. A(n)______________________ is a small, rocky object that orbits the sun; many of these objects are located
in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.
5. When an object looks as if the position has shifted when it is viewed from different locations, this is referred
to as ____________________.
6. A ____________________ is the motion of a body that travels around another body in space.
7. ____________________ is the counterclockwise spin of a planet or moon as seen from above a planet’s north
pole.
8. The force of ____________________ keeps Earth and other planets of the solar system in orbit around the
sun, and keeps the moon in orbit around the Earth.
9. A natural or artificial body that revolves around a celestial body that is greater in mass is called a(n)
____________________.
10. A ___________________ is the periodic rise and fall of the water level in the oceans and other large bodies
of water.