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Download Section 2.1 Summary – pages 35 - 45
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Transcript
SYMBIOSIS • A relationship between organisms of different species is called symbiosis. • Five kinds of symbiosis are recognized: 1. mutualism 2. commensalism 3. parasitism 4. predation 5. competition SYMBIOSIS Mutualism • A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is called mutualism. SYMBIOSIS Commensalism • Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is unaffected. SYMBIOSIS Parasitism • A symbiotic relationship one species benefits and the other is harmed is called parasitism. SYMBIOSIS Parasitism • Parasites have evolved in such a way that they harm, but usually do not kill the host species. Tape Worms in Intestine • In a predator and prey relationships one species benefits and the other is killed. Predators seek out and eat other organisms. • Predation is found in all ecosystems and includes organisms that eat plants and animals. SYMBIOSIS Competition • The use of the same limited resource by two or more species in the same place at the same time. – Resource = anything necessity of life (water, nutrients, light, food, or space) • Competition may cause the development of different niches or physical characteristics. Let’s Practice! Symbiotic Relationships Acacia Plant & Ants The ants lay eggs on acacia tree so they get a nice safe place for their eggs. The acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (called a gall.) The plant has to use valuable resources to create the gall. What symbiotic relationship is this? parasitism Boxer Crab & Anemones This Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging anemones in its claws, which it uses to defend itself from predators. The anemones get to move around which increases their food supply. What symbiotic relationship is this? mutualism Emperor Shrimp & Sea Cucumber This tiny emperor shrimp is riding along on the back of a sea cucumber (a long worm-like starfish relative) while it crawls along a sandy bottom. The shrimp gets to travel around under the protection of its much larger partner, and the sea cucumber doesn't seem to mind. What symbiotic relationship is this? commensalism Cattle & Cattle Egrets As these cattle walk around eating grass they stir up lots of insects. The egrets hang around and get a yummy meal of insects. What symbiotic relationship is this? commensalism Loa Loa Worm & Human This worm infects human the blood stream and gets a nice warm safe home there. The human may go blind or have other complications as a result. What symbiotic relationship is this? parasitism Goby and Alpheid Shrimp This alpheid shrimp (on the right) uses its strong claws like a bulldozer to create a burrow in the sand. The shrimp is nearly blind. It relies upon its partner, the sharp-eyed goby, to warn of danger. When a potential predator approaches, both animals disappear quickly into the burrow mutualism What symbiotic relationship is this?
