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2011 APCTP Status Report April 6 - 7, 2012 Pohang, Korea Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics Contents I. Foreword ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II. Overview of the APCTP -----------------------------------------------------------------III. APCTP Activities in 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------1. Summary of APCTP Activities in 2011 -------------------------------------------; Scientific Activities / Research Programs / Scientific Outreach Programs 2 5 15 16 2. Statistics of APCTP Activities in 2011 --------------------------------------------IV. Reports of Scientific Activities in 2011 --------------------------------------------- 18 22 1. Summary of Scientific Activities ---------------------------------------------------2. Report of Scientific Activities ---------------------------------------------------------2-1. Topical Research Programs ---------------------------------------------------2-2. Schools ----------------------------------------------------------------------------2-3. Conferences & Workshops ----------------------------------------------------2-4. Focus Programs -----------------------------------------------------------------V. Reports of Research Programs in 2011 ---------------------------------------------1. Summary of Research Programs --------------------------------------------------2. Scientific Reports of Junior Research Groups & Research Professor -------2-1. Multi-Scale Modeling -------------------------------------------------------------- 23 28 28 41 45 57 61 62 64 64 2-2. String Theory in Strongly Interacting Systems ------------------------------2-3. Cooperative Phenomena in Correlated Electron Systems -----------------2-4. Ultracold Atom Gases -------------------------------------------------------------2-5. Loop Quantum Gravity and the Small Scale Structure of Space-time ---2-6. Biological and Soft Matter Theory ---------------------------------------------2-7. Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology ----------------------------------------2-8. Emergent Dynamics of Complex Living Systems ----------------------------2-9. Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems -VI. Reports of AP Scientific Outreach Programs in 2011 -----------------------------1. Aim of AP Scientific Outreach Programs -------------------------------------------- 69 74 83 95 102 105 108 109 114 115 2. Data of AP Scientific Outreach Programs --------------------------------------------2-1. Publications ----------------------------------------------------------------------2-2. Forums, Lectures, Schools, etc ------------------------------------------------VII. List of Publications in 2011 ------------------------------------------------------------VIII. Photos in 2011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115 115 116 119 127 APCTP Status Report 2011 1 I. Foreword APCTP Status Report 2011 2 Foreword The progress, which the Asia Pacific Center made during last year, was less than intended, because our budget remained unchanged for the third year. Yet, for 2012 we were able to obtain a budget increase by an amount of KRW 500 million. The decision was made by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) on the very last day of last year and gave us an ideal start into the present year. This increase is highly appreciated, since in 2011 we were unable to expand the Junior Research Group program as compared with 2010. Right now we are looking intensively for new Junior Research Group (JRG) leaders because of yet another development which took place: As it turns out, the JRG leaders of the Asia Pacific Center have apparently a high visibility. Together with a number of scientific advances which they made, this has resulted in good offers to them from renowned academic institutions. They also include permanent employments. It began when JRG leader Xin Zhou obtained an excellent offer for a permanent position at the Chinese Academy of Science for which he left in July of last year. It continued with the hiring of the Research Professor Ki-Seok Kim by the Department of Physics of POSTECH. The sequence continued this year with the offer of a professorship at the University Erlangen/Nürnberg in Germany made to the JRG leader H. Sahlmann and an offer obtained by JRG leader Young Man Kim from KoRIA. Both will leave us towards the middle of this year. We consider the four calls obtained by our institute members as a confirmation that we are educating the science leaders of the next generation. The careful selection process we have been pursuing with the help of the Science Council of our Center is now bearing its fruits. Yet, we had not only a leaving but also a coming of scientists to the Center. Three Junior Research Group leaders, who were selected late in 2010, started their work in the middle of last year. Dr. Yong Seok Jho came from Tohoku University in Japan in order to build up a group on Biological and Soft Matter Materials and Dr. Ki Young Choi, formerly at Pusan University, started to set up a group on Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology. Starting last December, Dr. Pan-Jun Kim is forming a new group on Biological Physics. He came to us from the University of Illinois in Urbana. The Junior Research Groups are supplemented by two Asia Pacific Scholars (Jongbae Hong, Hyeonjoon Shin). Although some of the groups are still very small, the scientific atmosphere has changed considerably. There APCTP Status Report 2011 3 are small meetings and discussion rounds taking place frequently and cooperations have noticeably increased. As this Report demonstrates, the scientific output has also grown. The idea behind the Junior Research Groups program is beginning to work. It is this kind of academic environment we are having, which is a prerequisite for fruitful scientific work. Most recently, Prof. N. Nagaosa visited our Center as the first Benjamin Lee Distinguished Professor. He gave a series of six brilliant two-hours lectures on the role of topology in condensed matter physics. The lecture series attracted graduate students and postdocs not only from POSTECH but also from other Universities in Korea. The last December meeting of the Scientific Council of the Center was called off, because of the delayed expansion of our Center due to budget restrictions. At the meeting late this year we will discuss a possible biannual meeting of the Council in the future. From the beginning of this year the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) is starting to change the landscape of Korean basic science. Under its umbrella 50 new Institutes will be founded until 2017. The Korean Government is investing into the project a total amount of more than USD 5 billion. It remains to be seen what effect this program will have on the work of the Asia Pacific Center. The workshops, symposia, focus programs etc. are described in detail in the Report. They are a service to the Korean physics community and moreover to the one of Asia Pacific. Bright young people obtain the opportunity to learn more about new fields of research, which are developing and growing and contribute to the ever growing knowledge of our world. The participants in these programs also learn what the academic level is, which they have to reach in order to be able to do successful research work in these fields. This will help to bring up leaders of the next generation of Asia Pacific scientists. APCTP Status Report 2011 4 II. Overview of the APCTP 1. Introduction 2. Milestones 3. Organization Chart 4. Member Countries and Entities 5. International Agreements 6. List of APCTP members APCTP Status Report 2011 5 1. Introduction The Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP) is an international research center that pursues excellence in research, trains young scientists in all areas of theoretical physics, and promotes international cooperation among scientists from member countries/regions in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. Under the leadership of Prof. C. N. Yang, founding president, the Center was established in June 1996 in Korea. As an international Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), its current member countries include Australia, Beijing, India, Japan, Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Mongolia, Philippines, Singapore, Taipei, Thailand, Vietnam and Uzbekistan. More countries in the Asia Pacific region are expected to join the APCTP in the near future. ■ The Center aims: ∙ To lead research excellence in the field of theoretical physics; ∙ To facilitate international cooperation; ∙ To contribute to the advancement of physics by training young physicists; ∙ To improve science-based communication with the public. ■ To this end, the Center: ∙ engages in topical research in all areas of theoretical physics and beyond; ∙ pursues international academic collaboration and exchange of scholars; ∙ educates and trains young scientists; ∙ publishes a web journal and creates high-quality literary contents; ∙ offers distinguished lectures and activities accessible to the public. APCTP Status Report 2011 6 2. Milestones Feb. 1993 May 1994 Nov. 1994 Sep. 1995 Jun. 1996 Nov. 1996 Jan. 1997 Apr. 1997 May 1998 Oct. 1998 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2001 Apr. 2001 Jul. 2001 Aug. 2001 Mar. 2003 Jun. 2003 Apr. 2004 Forms the International Planning Committee (IPC) IPC recommends Korea as the host of the APCTP headquarters. Association for Science Cooperation in Asia (ASCA) endorses the proposal to host the APCTP in Korea. UNESCO PAC, IUPAP, and AAPPS endorse the proposal for APCTP. Inauguration conference and establishment of APCTP Exchanges Memorandum of Cooperation with ICTP The president of Korea announces the supports for APCTP at APEC Science Ministers Meeting in Seoul. The Board appoints Prof. C. N. Yang (1957 Nobel Laureate for Physics) as the 1st President and Chairman. APCTP Foundation is registered at the Korean Ministry of Science & Technology. Biannual APCTP Bulletin launched Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with CRM Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with NCTS Opens an annex building in Kangnam-gu, Seoul for KFAS Activity-Financing Contract between UNESCO and APCTP Prof. A. Arima (Former Minister of Education of Japan) elected as the 2nd Chairman of the Board of Trustees Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with PIMS APCTP Headquarters move to POSTECH. Seoul Branch Office located in the annex building Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with ECT* Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with TPI The Board appoints Prof. R. B. Laughlin (1998 Novel Laureate for Physics) as the 2nd President Nov. 2004 Feb. 2005 Mar. 2005 Jul. 2005 Oct. 2005 Young Scientist Training Program launched Science Communication program launched Relocates APCTP headquarters to Hogil Kim Memorial Building 5F POSTECH Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with ITP APCTP Web journal (Crossroads) launched Dec. 2005 Jul. 2006 Nov. 2006 Prof. N. V. Hieu elected as the 3rd Chairman of the Board Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with JINR APCTP 10th Anniversary APCTP Status Report 2011 7 Nov. 2006 Nov. 2006 Jan. 2007 Mar. 2007 Aug. 2007 Oct. 2007 Mar. 2008 Jun. 2008 Oct. 2008 Oct. 2008 Nov. 2008 Jan. 2009 Apr. 2009 Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with RIKEN Admits Lao PDR and Mongolia as new members of the APCTP Exchanges MOU with IPNS/KEK The Board appoints Prof. P. Fulde as the 3rd President Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with YITP Renews Agreement of Collaboration with ICTP Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration between APCTP, MPG and POSTECH Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with IOP, ISSP Admits India as a new member of APCTP Junior Research Groups (JRG) launched Jun. 2009 Mar. 2010 Apr. 2010 Opens a new wing on JRG Renews Agreement of Collaboration with TPI Exchanges Letter of Agreement between ASEAN and APCTP Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with AAPPS Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with IOP/VAST Exchanges Agreement on the Consortium of Asian Physics Institutions (KITPC/ITP, ICTS, IPNS/KEK, CQUeST, KIAS, APCTP) Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with PI Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with ITAP Prof. Won Namkung elected as the 4th Chairman of the Board Dec. 2010 Apr. 2011 Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with ThEP Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with NBIA/NBI Admits Uzbekistan as a new member of APCTP APCTP Status Report 2011 8 3. Organization Chart ■ Board of Trustees: 17 members including two Auditors - Chairman (Won Namkung, USA) - President (Peter Fulde, Germany) - Standing Trustee (Doochul Kim, Korea) - Executive Director (Seunghwan Kim, Korea) ■ General Council: 21 representatives from 14 member countries ■Science Council: 7 world-renowned scholars including the president Auditor Board of Trustees Special Advisor President General Council Science Council KPS APCTP Committee Research Division APCTP Status Report 2011 Executive Director Scientific Division Science Culture Activity Division Administration Bureau 9 4. Member Countries and Entities ■ Australia: Australia Research Council (ARC) ■ Beijing: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) ■ India: India Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) ■ Japan: RIKEN ■ Korea: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) ■ Lao PDR: Research Institute of Science, Science Technology & Environment Agency (RIS-STEA) ■ Malaysia: Malaysian Institute of Physics (MIP) ■ Mongolia: The Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS) ■ Philippines: National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) ■ Singapore: World Scientific Co. ■ Taipei: Academia Sinica ■ Thailand: National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) ■ Vietnam: Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) ■ Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan Academy of Science (UAS) APCTP Status Report 2011 10 5. International Agreements ■ ICTP (The International Center for Theoretical Physics) ■ CRM (Le Center De Recherches Mathematiques) ■ NCTS (National Center for Theoretical Science) ■ PIMS (The Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences) ■ ECT* (The European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas) ■ TPI (The Theoretical Physics Institute of the University of Alberta) ■ ITP (Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences) ■ MPI-PKS (Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems) ■ JINR (The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research) ■ IPNS/KEK (The Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK) ■ YITP (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University) ■ MPG (Max Planck Society) ■ IOP/CAS (The Institute of Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences) ■ ISSP (The Institute for Solid State Physics of the University of Tokyo) ■ AAPPS (The Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies) ■IOP/VAST (The Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) ■ PI (Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics) ■ ITAP (Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics) ■ ThEP (Thailand Center for Excellence in Physics) ■ NBIA (Niels Bohr International Academy) ■ Consortium of Asian Physics Institutions (KITPC/ITP, ICTS, IPNS/KEK, CQUeST, KIAS, APCTP) 6. List of APCTP members APCTP Status Report 2011 11 ▣ Board of Trustees Position Name Nationality Affiliation Pohang University of Science & Technology Chairman Won Namkung USA President Peter Fulde Germany Standing Trustee Doochul Kim Korea Trustee Seunghwan Kim Korea 〃 Seung Jong Lee Korea 〃 Sung-Chul Shin Korea 〃 Kazuo Fujikawa Japan Nihon University Korea Yonsei University Korea Sungkyunkwan University Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Seoul National University President of KIAS Executive Director of APCTP Pohang University of Science & Technology President of National Research Foundation of Korea President of the Korean Physical Society Term Apr. 4, 2010 -Apr. 3, 2013 Apr. 4, 2010 -Apr. 3, 2013 Ex Officio Apr. 4, 2010 -Apr. 3, 2013 Apr. 4, 2010 -Apr. 3, 2013 Ex Officio Ex Officio Ex Officio Apr. 5, 2009 -Apr. 4, 2012 Apr. 4, 2010 -Apr. 3, 2013 〃 〃 Chung Nam Whang Byung-taik Kim 〃 Sooyoung Chang Korea Pohang University of Science & Technology 〃 〃 Maw-Kuen Wu Taipei Academia Sinica 〃 〃 Paul Anthony Pearce Australia University of Melbourne 〃 〃 Yue-Liang Wu Beijing Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 〃 〃 Hee Sung Song Korea Seoul National University 〃 〃 Nguyen Van Hieu Vietnam Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) 〃 Auditor Bum-Hoon Lee Korea Sogang University Apr. 2, 2011 -Apr. 1, 2013 〃 Mari Aoki Japan RIKEN Apr. 2, 2011 -Apr. 1, 2013 〃 ▣ General Council Members APCTP Status Report 2011 12 Nationality Name Australia Murray Batchelor Affiliation The Australian National University Zhong-can Ou-Yang Chinese Academy of Sciences Gui Lu Long Tsinghua University Yue-Liang Wu <Chairman> Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Akira Furusaki RIKEN Advanced Science Institute Noboru Kawamoto Hokkaido University Tsukasa Tada RIKEN Nishina Center Sang-Jin Sin Hanyang University Moo-Young Choi Seoul National University Han-Yong Choi Sungkyunkwan University Lao PDR Sourioudong Sundara Science Technology and Environment Agency (STEA) Malaysia Swee Ping Chia University of Malaya Mongolia T. Galbaatar Mongolian Academy of Sciences Philippines Cesar Beloy P. Palisoc University of the Philippines Singapore Kok Khoo Phua Nanyang Technological University Thailand Sukit Limpijumnong Suranaree University of Technology Xiao-Gang He National Tsing Hua University Sungkit Yip Academia Sinica Beijing Japan Korea Taipei India Soumitra Sengupta Vietnam Nguyen Hong Quang Uzbekistan Mirzayusuf Musakhanov Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Term Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Apr. 4, 2010 -Apr. 3, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Apr. 2, 2011 -Apr. 1, 2014 Jan. 1, 2011 -Dec. 31, 2013 Apr. 1, 2011 -Mar. 31, 2014 ▣ Science Council Members APCTP Status Report 2011 13 Name Peter Fulde Nationality Germany Ganapathy Baskaran India Yu Lu Kazuo Ueda Fu Chun Zhang Beijing Japan Hong Kong Steven G. Louie U.S.A Spenta Wadia India Affiliation President of APCTP Institute of Mathematical Sciences ITP/CAS ISSP University of Hong Kong University of California at Berkeley Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Term Ex Officio Mar.1, 2008 -Feb. 28, 2013 〃 〃 〃 Jul. 1, 2009 -Jun. 30, 2014 Sep. 1, 2010 -Aug. 31, 2015 ▣ Program Coordinators Name Nationality Affiliation Term Hawoong Jeong Korea KAIST Aug.1, 2010 - Jul. 31, 2012 Chang-hwan Lee Korea Busan National University Aug.1, 2010 - Jul. 31, 2012 Jung Hoon Han Korea Sungkyunkwan University Jan. 1, 2012 - Dec. 31, 2013 Jae-mo Park Korea POSTECH Jan. 1, 2012 - Dec. 31, 2013 ▣ Science Culture Committee Name Nationality Affiliation Term Hyungtae Kook Korea Kyungwon Univ. Mar. 1, 2011 - Feb. 28, 2013 Sangjoon Park Korea POSTECH Mar. 1, 2012 - Feb. 28, 2014 Sang- Wook Kim Korea Busan National University Sep. 1, 2010 - Aug. 31, 2012 Myung-Hyun Rhee Korea Yonsei University Jan. 1, 2012 - Dec. 31, 2013 ▣ Special Advisor Name Yunkyu Bang III. Nationality Affiliation Term Korea Chonnam National University Nov. 12, 2010 - Apr. 3, 2013 APCTP Activities in 2011 APCTP Status Report 2011 14 1. Summary of APCTP Activities in 2011 2. Statistics of APCTP Activities in 2011 2-1. APCTP Budget 2-2. APCTP Visitors in 2011 2-3. Statistics of Research 2-4. On-line Web-journal “Crossroads” 1. Summary of APCTP Activities in 2011 1-1. Scientific Activities APCTP Status Report 2011 15 Topical Research Programs: 13 programs, 27 TRP Mini-workshops etc. Schools: 4 Conferences & Workshops: 12 Focus Programs: 4 Joint Activities: 7 - BLTP JINR, Consortium of Asian Physics Institutions, IACS, ICTP, ITAP and TPIYITP External Activities: 10 - Australia, Beijing, Japan, Taipei and Vietnam Distinguished Lectures: 5 Paper: 30 reprints 1-2. Research Programs Junior Research Groups (JRG): 8 JRGs & 1 Research professor - Leader, JRG & NRF members: 26 persons - Scientific Activities ; 78 Visitors, 4 Workshops (119 participants), 47 Seminars, 32 Discussion meeting Young Scientist Training Program (YST): 9 persons AP Scholars for Joint Research: 6 persons Visiting Programs: 20 visitors Paper: 45 reprints 1-3. Scientific Outreach Programs Publication - A monthly on-line Web-journal “Crossroads” Forums, Lectures, Schools, etc. - Science Communication Forum/Lecture (4) - Science Communication Summer School - Physics in Library (12) - “Best Science Book 10” selected by APCTP - Science in City Hall held with Pohang City (2) - The 8th Pohang Family Science Festival held with Pohang City 1-4. International Agreements UAS (Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences), Uzbekistan, April - To promote scientist exchange and research collaboration. APCTP Status Report 2011 16 - To enhance joint academic activities among member countries. 2. Statistics of APCTP Activities in 2011 2-1. APCTP Budget ■ Budget Summary APCTP Status Report 2011 17 (Unit: Million KRW) ′96 ~ ′08 2009 2010 2011 2012 11,790 2,415 2,415 2,415 2,915 Local (Gyeongsangbuk-do, Pohang) 170 170 170 170 170 MPG (Germany) 400 540 510 465 465 POSTECH 1,820 300 300 350 378 Other 3,350 75 75 100 100 Total 17,530 3,500 3,470 3,500 4,028 Items Korean Government ※ Local budget supports the JRG since 2008. ※ MPG provides € 300,000 EUR per year. - 2009 Exchange rate: € 1 EUR=\1,800 KRW - 2010 Exchange rate: € 1 EUR=\1,700 KRW - 2011/2012 Exchange rate: € 1 EUR=\1,550 KRW ■ Budget in detail G: Government, P: POSTECH, O: Other Items (Unit: Million KRW) 2011 P O G Total G 2012 P O Total Personnel 535 - 202 737 635 - 230 865 Scientific Activities 537 - - 537 558 - - 558 International Cooperation 723 - 488 1,211 1,037 - 454 1,491 AP Scientist Network 113 - 20 133 124 - 20 144 Rent and Infrastructure Consumptions and Commission 94 350 - 444 93 378 17 488 35 - 10 45 25 - 14 39 Bulletin etc 6 - - 6 6 - - 6 Programs related Activities 26 - - 26 20 - - 20 Indirect Expenses 346 350 15 361 417 378 - 417 735 4,028 Total 2,415 735 3,500 2,915 ※ Infrastructure provided by POSTECH. APCTP Status Report 2011 18 2-2. APCTP Visitors in 2011 ■ Number of APCTP Visitors in 2011 Member Country Non Member Number Country of Women Korea Others 1,863 434 331 291 2,628 (71%) (16%) (13%) (11%) * Number of visitors (APCTP Headquarters, Pohang): 1,146 persons * Number of visitors (APCTP Seoul Branch Office): 98 persons * Number of participants and visitors (Other place): 1,384 persons Total ■ APCTP Visitors in 2011 by region Region East Asia South East Asia and the Pacific Middle and South Asia Eastern Europe Western Europe North America Latin America Africa Total APCTP Status Report 2011 Countries Beijing, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taipei Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam India, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan Armenia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK Canada, USA Visitors (persons) Ratio (%) 2,206 83.94 Brazil, Colombia, Mexico Ethiopia, Kenya, Egypt, South Africa 48 1.83 73 2.78 35 1.33 159 6.05 95 3.61 8 0.30 4 0.15 2,628 100 19 2-3. Statistics of Research ■ Number of Faculty and Researchers Number of Faculty and Researchers Prof. Dr. PhD. Stud. Total Program Person Month1) JRG2) 10 11 5 26 221.00 YST - 9 - 9 54.5 AP Scholars 6 - - 6 36.75 5 41 312.25 Total 16 20 1) Person Month (PM): 1PM=28days 2) Including NRF researcher (2person) ※ Proportion of females: 14% Item Korea Persons 16 Member Countries Beijing Japan India 4 5 3 Etc.1) Non member countries2) Total 4 3 35 Percentage 46% 11% 14% 9% 11% 9% 1) Member countries: Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam 2) Non member countries: France, Germany, Romania 100% ■ Reprint of APCTP Item Reprint APCTP members 45 100 % 3.433 Supported by APCTP 30 100 % 4.42 Total 75 100 % 3.875 APCTP Status Report 2011 SCI Impact Factor 20 2-4. On-line Web-journal “Crossroads” ■ Total Number of Visitors and Page Views from 2009 to 2011 350,000 294,123 300,000 279,637 292,593 250,000 275,312 232,254 200,000 Total Visitors 167,064 150,000 Total Page Views 100,000 50,000 2009 2010 2011 ■ The Number of Visitors Worldwide in 2011 128,426 29,123 358 USA 46,702 2011 Visitors Korea 3,800 Japan Canada 12,035 482 Beijing UK 386 Germany Etc. 1 APCTP Status Report 2011 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 21 IV. Reports of Scientific Activities in 2011 1. Summary of Scientific Activities 2. Report of Scientific Activities 2-1. Topical Research Programs 2-2. Schools 2-3. Conferences & Workshops 2-4. APCTP Status Report 2011 Focus Programs 22 1. Summary of Scientific Activities 1-1. Programs and Visitors of Scientific Activities 2009 Item 2010 Non M/C4) P K 2011 Non M/C M/C P K M/C Non M/C P1) K2) M/C3) 11 900 131 67 12 876 36 34 13 850 66 37 9 471 61 24 8 428 73 37 4 216 16 11 8 351 54 72 8 550 180 76 12 483 220 215 4 63 24 27 4 66 17 31 4 57 19 22 9 109 311 402 9 138 326 237 7 106 201 403 External Activities 11 94 1077 308 10 99 964 1) P: Number of Programs 2) K: Korean Visitors 3) M/C: Visitors from Member Countries excluding Korea 4) Non M/C: Visitors from Non Member Countries 265 10 102 790 131 Topical Research Programs Schools Conferences & Workshops Focus Programs Joint Activities 1-2. Publications of Scientific Activities ■ 30 Reprints (SCI: 30 reprints, IF: 4.42) 1-3. List of Scientific Activities ■ Topical Research Programs (13) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) String Theory and Cosmology Frontiers in electronic quantum matter (FeQM) Quantum Coherence and Correlations in Mesoscopic and Nano-Structure Systems Emergent Material Research Research on quantum functional materials Statistical Physics of Disordered, Non-equilibrium and Complex Systems (7) Molecular Dynamics Simulation in nano/bio systems (8) Computational Brain Dynamics Meeting (9) New perspectives on sQGP (Strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma) (10) Computational Approaches in Gravitation and Astrophysics (11) Few-Body Physics from MeV to TeV (12) Recent Progresses in Dark-Universe and Astrophysics: Forefront Problems at the intersection of Astrophysics, Cosmology, Nuclear Physics (13) The Direction of Physics Education in 21st Century APCTP Status Report 2011 23 ■ TRP Mini-Workshops (27) (1) (2) (3) (4) Heavy Ion Meeting 2011-02, Muju Resort, Jeonpook, Feb. 27- Mar. 01 99th Numerical Simulation Working Group Mini-workshop, KISTI, Daejeon, Mar. 4-5 String Theory and Cosmology, APCTP Seoul Branch Office, Seoul, Mar. 19 The 100th Meeting of Numerical Simulation Working Group, Rosefarm Pension, Chungnam, Apr. 29-30 (5) Hadron Physcis Meeting(HaPhy2011-5), APCTP, Pohang, May 27-28 (6) The 38th Workshop on Gravitation and Numerical Relativity, APCTP Seoul Branch Office, Seoul, May 27-28 (7) Heavy Ion Meeting 2011-06, Korea Univ., Seoul, Jun. 10 (8) The 101th Meeting of Numerical Simulation Working Group, KISTI, Daejeon, Jun. 23 (9) International Workshop on "String Theory and Cosmology", Haeundae Grand Hotel, Busan, Jun. 23-25 (10) 2011 APCTP Summer Workshop on Frontiers in Electronic Quantum Matter, Yongpyeong Resort, Gangwondo, Jun. 28-29 (11) The 7th Emergent Materials Research Meeting, POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Jul. 13 (12) SKKU-APCTP International Symposium on Heavy Electrons and Novel Quantum Phases, Sungkyunkwan Univ., Kyunggido, Aug. 16-18 (13) HaPhy2011-8 International Workshop: QCD and Few-Body Systems, Korea Aerospace Univ, Kyunggido, Aug. 20 (14) 2011 Mini-workshop on Computational Neuroscience, Daejeon Convention Cente, Daejeon, Aug. 26 (15) 102th Meeting of Numerical Simulation Working Group, APCTP Seoul Branch Office, Seoul, Aug. 31 (16) Heavy Ion Meeting 2011-09, KIAS, Seoul, Sep. 10 (17) 103th Meeting of Numerical Simulation Working Group, KISTI, Deajoen, Sep. 30 (18) APCTP Mini-workshop on Computational Neuroscience, APCTP, Pohang, Nov. 5 (19) The 11th APCTP Workshop on String Theory and Cosmology, APCTP Seoul Branch Office, Seoul, Nov. 5 (20) The 39th Workshop on Gravitation and Numerical Relativity, APCTP Seoul Branch Office, Seoul, Nov. 10 - 12 (21) 24th Workshop on Nanoscale and Mesoscopic Systems, APCTP, Pohang, Nov. 2425 (22) The 30th MDRG Mini-Workshop, Supercomputing center, KISTI, Daejeon, Nov. 28-29 (23) Asia-Pacific International Workshop on Physics Education (AIPE2011), Ewha APCTP Status Report 2011 24 Womans Univ. Seoul, Dec. 2-3 (24) 2011 Mini-Workshop on Computational Neuroscience, KAIST, Daejeon, Dec. 6 (25) Hadron Physcis Meeting(HaPhy2011-12), Kyungpook Nat'l Univ, Daegu, Dec. 9 (26) APCTP Mini-Workshop on Recent Progresses in Dark Universe and AstroParticle Physics, APCTP Seoul Branch Office, Seoul, Dec. 9-10 (27) Heavy Ion Meeting 2011-12, Yonsei Univ., Seoul, Dec. 10 ■ Schools (4) (1) 8th KIAS-APCTP Winter School on Statistical Physics, Phoenix Park, Gangwondo, Jan. 24-28 (2) (3) Nuclear Physics School 2011, APCTP, Pohang, Jun. 27-Jul.1 The 11th Summer Institute for Theoretical Physics, Alpensia Resort, Pyeongchang, Jul. 31 - Aug. 6 2011 Int'l School on Numerical Relativity and Gravitational Waves, APCTP, Pohang, Jul. 27-Aug.3 (4) ■ Conferences and Workshops (12) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 2011 APCTP Winter Workshop on Frontiers in electronic quantum matter (FeQM), POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Feb. 16-19 Hadron Nuclear Physics 2011 “Quarks in hadrons, nuclei, and hadronic matter”, POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Feb. 21-24 Astro.Particle.Conformal-Topical Physics (A.P.C.T.P) Wimter School-2011, APCTP, Pohang, Feb. 24-26 International Workshop on Microcavities and their Applications (WOMA 2011), Pusan Nat'l Univ. Busan, May 24-27 The 4th Workshop for Emergent Materials Research, POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Jul. 11-13 Localisation 2011 Satellite Conference to LT26 Beijing, POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Aug. 4-7 New Frontiers of Low temperature Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, Aug. 19-22 (8) (9) APCTP 2011 LHC Physics Workshop at Korea, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Aug. 9-11 The Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics 2011, Sungkyunkwan Univ., Seoul, Aug. 22-26 (10) 34th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT34), POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Nov. 7-11 (11) 6th Korean Astrophysics Workshop on “ Fundamental Processes of Astrophysical Turbulence”, POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Nov. 16-19 (12) The 6th APCTP-KAIST School for Brain Dynamics, Daejeon Convention Center, APCTP Status Report 2011 25 Daejeon, Dec. 5 ■ Focus Programs (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) APCTP-IEU Focus Program on Cosmology and Fundamental Physics 2, APCTP, Pohang, Jun. 6-18 2nd Year of APCTP-WCU Focus program “From dense matter to compact stars in QCD and in hQCD”, APCTP, Pohang, May 24-Jun. 4 Nonequilibrium Transport in a Mesoscopic System, APCTP, Pohang, Sep. 14-27 Liouville, Integrability and Branes (6), APCTP, Pohang, Dec. 1-14 ■ Joint Activities (7) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) BLTP JINR (1) - 5th APCTP- BLTP JINR Joint Workshop 2011, BLTP, JINR, Dubna, Russia, May 16-21 Consortium of Asian Physics Institutions (1) - 5th APCTP- BLTP JINR Joint Workshop 2011, Suite Hotel, Jeju, Jan. 10-17 IACS (1) - 3rd IACS-APCTP International Conference on Physics of Novel and Emerging Materials, IACS, Kolkata, India, Nov. 15-17 ICTS (2) - 15th International Workshop on Computational Physics and Materials Science: Total Energy and Force Methods, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, Jan. 13-15 - Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, Mar. 28-Apr. 5 ITAP(1) - Eurasia-Pacific Summer School and Conference on Strongly Correlated Systems, BLTP, JINR, Dubna, Russia, Jul 4-14 TPI-TPI (1) - APCTP-TPI-YITP Joint Workshop Black Holes: New Horizons, Banff International Research Station, Canada, Nov. 20-25 ■ External Activities (10) (1) (2) Australia (1) - 2nd Asia-Pacific Summer School in Mathematical Physics, The Australian National Univ., Dec. 12-16 Beijing (1) (3) - 2011 Shanghai Asia-Pacific School and Workshop on Gravitation, Shanghai Normal Univ., Shanghai, Jan. 17-19 Japan (3) APCTP Status Report 2011 26 (4) (5) - 3rd APCTP WORKSHOP ON MULTIFERROICS, Waseda Univ., Tokyo Jan. 17-19 - 14th Asian Workshop on First-Principles Electronic Structure Calculations (ASIAN-14), The Univ. of Tokyo, Oct. 30-Nov. 2 - International Workshop for Young Researchers on Topological Quantum Phenomena in Condensed Matter with Broken Symmetries, Laforet Biwako, Shiga, Nov. 1-5 Taipei (1) - APCosPA Winter School on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan Univ., Jan. 17-28 Vietnam (4) - 17th Vietnam School of Physics (VSOP), Hue, Jul. 18-24 - International Workshop on Nanotechnology and Applications(IWNA), Vung Tau, Nov. 10-12 - Xth International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Qui Nhon, Qui Nhon, Dec. 17-22 - The third school on physics at the LHC (LHCS-3), Qui Nhon, Dec. 12-17 ■ Distinguished Lectures (5) (1) Bigbang, Inflation and Quantum Cosmology, Jul. 29 - Misao Sasaki (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics) (2) New states of Quantum matter, Aug. 23 - Gordon A Baym (Univ. of Illinois) Space, time, matter: 90 years later, Sep. 30 - Gabriele Veneziano (College de France) Scientific and Computational Challenges in Fusion Energy Sciences, Oct. 18 - William M. Tang (Princeton Univ.) Ultrafast photoinduced dynamics in correlated materials, Nov. 23 - Martin Wolf (Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society) (3) (4) (5) APCTP Status Report 2011 27 2. Report of Scientific Activities 2-1. Topical Research Programs ■ String Theory and Cosmology (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers Jungjai Lee (Daejin Univ.), Yun-Soo Myung (Inje Univ.), Soonkeon Nam (Kyung Hee Univ.), Yoonbai Kim (Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Sang-Jin Sin (Hanyang Univ.), Hang Bae Kim (Hanyang Univ.), Jae-Weon Lee (Jungwon Univ.), Hyun Seok Yang (KIAS), Qing-Guo Huang (KIAS), Stefano Scopel (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), HyeongChan Kim (Chungju Nat’l Univ.), Sin kyu Kang (Seoul Nat’l Univ. of Tech.), Inyong Cho (Seoul Nat’l Univ. of Tech.), Youngone Lee (Daejin Univ.) (3) Scope of Program This Program includes several seminars and lectures on the subject of string cosmology, dark matter and dark energy. The main goals of this activity are to make participants discuss about interesting topics as well as to increase their general knowledge in string theory and cosmology. (4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 3 (Participants: 76) ■ Frontiers in electronic quantum matter (FeQM) (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers: Han-Yong Choi(SungKyunKwan Univ.), Changyoung Kim (Yonsei Univ), Hu-Jong Lee (Postech), Kyungsoon Moon (Yonsei Univ), Kwon Park (KIAS), Tuson Park (SKKU), Kee Hoon Kim (SNU) (3) Scope of Program We will cover the topics such as quantum computing, topological insulator/superconductor, quantum Hall effect in graphene, pnictide/cuprate superconductor, and other strongly correlated phenomena. It will be organized with APCTP winter Workshop and this programs includes small workshop, joint workshop and seminars. (4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 2 (Participants: 109) (5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments This topical program is organized with APCTP winter Workshop every February. It is to merge Topical program and winter workshop to amplify the synergy. APCTP Status Report 2011 28 ■ Quantum Coherence and Correlations in Mesoscopic and Nano-Structure Systems (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers Choi, Mahn-Soo (Korea Univ.), Choi, Moo Young (Seoul National Univ.), Chung, Yunchul(Pusan National Univ.), Kang, Kicheon (Chonnam National Univ.), Kim, Ju-Jin (Chonbuk National Univ.), Kim, Jinhee (Korea Research Institute of Standard and Sciences), Lee, Hu-Jong (POSTECH, Chairperson), Lee, Hyun-Woo (POSTECH), Park, Kyung Wan (Univ. of Seoul), Sim, Heungsun (KAIST), Yi, Hangmo (Soongsil Univ.), Yoo, Kyung-Hwa (Yonsei Univ.), Park, Kwon (KIAS) (3) Scope of Program The "Topical Research program on Nanoscale and Mesoscopic Systems" is a meeting to promote the information exchange, scientific discussions, and collaborations among scientists working on nanosctures or mesoscopic systems. Since it was first launched in January 1999, it has been held twice a year, each time inviting three or four experts in the field as lecturers. It is intended particularly for lectures rather than seminal talks as in usual conferences so that the partcipants can learn and discuss the topics thoroughly. (4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 88) (5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments Year- 2011 activities of the topical research program, “Lectures on Nanostructure and Mesoscopic Systems”, were focused on “Topological Insulators: Recent Developments“. Emphasis were placed on providing more general and explanatory lectures on the fundamental tools and ways of describing the recent development of Topological Insulators as well as on material issues in preparing and characterizing this system. In this program we invited three lecturers from abroad who are most active and do highimpact research works in the relevant fields for two days. This workshop was highly beneficial to the joining students and young scientists. That was also equally beneficial to any established scientists in active research fields. ■ Emergent Material Research (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2010 (2) Organizers Byung Il Min(POSTECH), Jae-Hoon Park(POSTECH), Je-Geun Park(SungKyunKwan Univ.), Sang-Wook. Cheong (Rutgers Univ., USA) (3) Scope of Program APCTP Status Report 2011 29 Significant progress in materials science of the past decade is associated with the emerging paradigm of phase complexity and cross-coupling phenomena in functional, complex materials, in which various physical degrees of freedoms are intricately coupled and charge carriers are strongly mutually interacting. Such mutual interactions couple the charge-spin-orbital-lattice of complex materials and often intricate magnetism and electricity resulting in novel functionality and/or multifunctional phenomena such as spintronics, quantum criticality, and magnetoelectricity. The associated length scales for the crosscoupling phenomena can vary in a wide range from a few nanometers to micrometers, and the relevant energy scales can also vary in a broad range. Evidently the existence of the competing interactions near phase boundaries can play an important role in generating the enhanced physical responses. Scientific understanding of the interrelationship between the phase complexity and macroscopic physical properties is of prime importance for controlling the functionality of complex materials. In present, the world leading material researches are carried out by forming an interdisciplinary collaborative research network including material synthesis groups, large scale research facility user groups such as synchrotron radiation facilities and neutron scattering facilities. Recently, many research groups have been developed in Nation, and large scale research facilities like Pohang Light Source (PSL) and Hanaro Neutron Laboratory are also available. Further they have capability to perform world competitive researches. I)To build up an interdisciplinary collaborative research network in-Nation and out-of-Nation involving Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Hanao, APCTP theory groups, and national and international relevant research groups II) To stimulate the intimate collaborations and to make collaborative researches to perform world-leading researches in the emergent material research. III) To build up and extend communication channels and exchange programs with out-of-Nation research networks in Asia-Pacific region and beyond. IV) To educate and to stimulate young scientists, graduate students and post docs, to improve research abilities in the emergent materials research. (4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 53) (5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): 9 talks and 6 poster presentations (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments (i) Successful organization of high quality presentations and fruitful discussions. (ii) Reputed in-Nation invited speakers and poster presentations by young APCTP Status Report 2011 30 scientists of graduate students. (iii) Talks and discussion for recent issues of condensed matter physics society: superconductivity, oxide heterostructures, multiferroicity, topological insulator, and nano-systems. (iv) Participants satisfied and delighted on outstanding talks. (v) Participants actively discussed on the research topics and further direction of theoretical and experimental approaches. (vi) Training and presenting brought up research motivations to domestic graduated students, postdoctoral associates, and young scientists. (vii) APCTP staffs made all processes of the meeting comfortable and smooth. All participants thanked for their faithful help and support. The workshop can be appraised as a very successful meeting in aspects of quality, organization, and management, and participants truly enjoyed it and agreed to be eager to participate in the EMR topical program again. ■ Research on quantum functional materials (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers: Jung Hoon Han (SKKU), Kee Hoon Kim (SNU), Kwon Park (KIAS),Gun Sang Jeon(SNU) (3) Scientific Activities: Regular Meetings (4) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others):Reprint 2 ■ Statistical Physics of Disordered, Non-equilibrium and Complex Systems (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers: Beom Jun Kim(SungKyunKwan Univ.), Hyunggyu Park (KIAS), HyukKyu Pak (Pusan Natl. Univ.), Hyungtae Kook (Kyungwon Univ.), HyungChai Jeong (Sejong Univ.), Jeong-Man Park (Catholic Univ.), Jae Dong Noh (U. of Seoul), (3) Scope of Program The monthly meeting on statistical physics has been held for years now, and established itself already as a traditional activity in Korean statistical physics community. Thanks to the support from APCTP, we had all seven meeting in 2011. In the monthly meetings on statistical physics, we invited two or three speakers each time, covering a broad range of subjects including biological and social systems as well as systems in condensed-matter physics. The speakers were decided carefully through the discussion among the organizing committee members of this program, according to the current developments of the subjects. In 2011, the organizing committee tried to introduce various APCTP Status Report 2011 31 research topics to the statistical physics community. As a result, various researchers in other disciplines were invited. The list of topics discussed in the monthly meetings in 2011 is as follows: 1Directed polymer in random potential with an external driving force 2) Influence of quenched disorder on absorbing phase transitions 3) History of Statistical Physics Monthly Meeting in Korea 4) Single hidden-variable determination of natural rankings in networks and the sufficiency of incomplete competitions 5) Limiting distributions in critical systems 6) Information filtering: ranking, predicting and recommending 7) New methods, new information, and new insight: cases of single-molecule biophysical experiments 8) Plasmids at oppositely charged surface 9) The Quest for Absolute Zero: What's in it for us? 10) Quantum Transport in Mesoscopic Systems 11) Temporal network structure and its implications for disease spreading and control 12) Critical temperatures of the three- and four-state Potts models on the kagome lattice 13) Free energy landscapes and thermodynamic features from Protein to DNA based on computational chemistry 14) Ring polymers as model bacterial chromosomes 15) Explosive site percolation on 2D lattice system 16) Characteristics of limit order books 17) Six-state clock model on the square lattice: Fisher zero approach with Wang-Landau sampling 18) Shape of the explosive percolation I: (dis)continuity (4) Scientific Activities: Monthly Meeting 7 (5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): I. Hyun Keun Lee and Beom Jun Kim , Dissolution of traffic jam via local interactions , Physica A 390, 4555 (2011) II. Seung Ki Baek, PetterMinnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim , The Ten Thousand Kims , New J. Phys. 13, 073036 (2011) III. Jaegon Um, PetterMinnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim , Synchronization in interdependent networks , Chaos 21, 025106 (2011) IV. Seung Ki Baek, HarriMakela, PetterMinnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim , Critical temperatures of the three- and four-state Potts models on the kagome lattice , Phys. Rev. E 83, 061104 (2011) APCTP Status Report 2011 32 V. Seung Ki Baek, PetterMinnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim ,Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of magnetic dipoles on the two-dimensional plane , Phys. Rev. B 83,184409 (2011) (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments In end of 2010 program, the organizing committee planned to invite more Speakers in the area of statistical physics in order to deepen our Understanding of recent developments in this research area. In particular, recent huge interest in e.g., (dis)continuity of the percolation transition, nonequilbrium physics, application of statistical physics approach to other disciplines will be given a priority in choosing topics in the montly meetings. The financial support from APCTP for the present TRP was essential for Invitations of speakers and for fruitful discussions. Especially, talks by Speakers from other disciplines have broaden the coverage of research areas in Statistical physics in various topics including nano- and bio-technology, neurosciences, applied mathematics, physics chemistry, and ecology. ■ Molecular Dynamics Simulation in nano/bio systems (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers: Youngkyun Jung (KISTI) (3) Scope of Program The program will be held every month from January to December, 2011 at KAIST and KISTI or other Universities as a monthly meeting of the MDRG. The topics of the monthly meeting include seminars, reports of new research results, and reviews of resent research papers in the subject of the nano/bio systems. Every meeting, one or two invited speakers and one or two MDRG members will give their talks. (4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 11) (5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): Reprint 2 (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments 1) Invigoration of Molecular Dynamics Simulation in nano/bio systems Throughout this Topical Research Program, we provide the MDRG members with the opportunities to enhance their research ability and some PhD candidates with the opportunities to obtain the knowledge and skills in computational science. 2) Starting in collaborations with University of Waterloo (Canada), Harvard University (USA), Mcgill University (Canada), University of Manchester (UK) Establish the research topics 3) Establish the research topics Fostering MDRG research group APCTP Status Report 2011 33 Starting international collaborations University of Waterloo Harvard University University of Machester Published good papers ■ Computational Brain Dynamics Meeting (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers Seunghwan Kim(POSTECH), Dae-shik Kim(KAIST), Myong Won Cho(KIAS),TaeWook Ko(NIMS),Sang-gui Lee(POSTECH), Chang-Woo Shin(APCTP), Jee-hyun Choi(KIST), Un-chul Lee(Michigan Univ.) (3) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 3 (Participants: 108) ■ New perspectives on sQGP (Strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma) (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers Byungsik Hong (Korea Univ.), Ju-Hwan Kang (Yonsei Univ.), Eun-Joo Kim (Chonbuk Univ.), Youngman Kim (APCTP), Young Il Kwon (Yonsei Univ.), ChangHwan Lee (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Su Houng Lee (Yonsei Univ.), Kang Seog Lee (Chonnam Univ.), June-Tak Rhee (Konkuk Univ.), Ghi Ryang Shin (Andong Univ.), Sang Jin Sin (Hanyang Univ.), In-Kwon Yoo (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Jin-Hee Yoon (Inha Univ.), Inkyu Park (Univ. of Seoul) (3) Scope of Program Lattice gauge theory calculation of QCD suggests that the state of the nuclear matter at high temperature and density to be very different from the normal nuclear state. To probe this state, relativistic heavy ion collision experiments have been performed at Brookhaven National Lab, at GSI Germany and at CERN. The state to be probed will be what existed milliseconds after the Big Bang and will tell us valuable information about the non perturbative nature of QCD. Experimental results so far have reveal exciting features of the state and further experimental as well as theoretical investigations are underway to understand the states further. In particular, at the on going experiments at LHC various new data at Jet and heavy quark systems are being accumulated, and active discussions are underway to understand the nature of this newly found sate of matter. Furthermore, measurements on v3 is expected to reveal transport properties of the state, which is now called the quark-gluon plasma. All these topics were the main theme of the present program APCTP Status Report 2011 34 Recently, AdS/QCD theories developed from superstring theories are being actively pursued as these non perturbative theories have the potentials to describe the strongly interacting state at high temperature and density. Korean physicists are actively involved in these works and are claiming international recognition. We have thus integrated such discussions into our program. Most of the participants of the present projects have been working on heavy ion physics for an extended length of their career and thus will be heavily involved in the physics program in the planned Korean rare isotope accelerators (KoRIA), which is going to be the first accelerator to be built in Korea for pure science. Whenever possible, we have therefore included discussions on the subject. We have dedicated the September program, which was organized together with the particle physics division of the Korean Physical Society, in discussing the research topics that can be pursued in KoRIA. We have invited Prof. T. Hirano from Sophia University, who is the 2011 Zimmanyi prize winner, for a series of lectures on hydrodynamic description of heavy ion collision and the meaning of v3. We have tried to make the program flexible to maximally take into account changing research environment such as the huge input of new data from the heavy ion programs at LHC, new hydrodynamic description of heavy ion data, and the beginning of a new era in nuclear physics in Korea, namely the building of KoRIA. (4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 4 (Participants: 169) (5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): Proceeding 1 (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments - We have obtained the first set of results from the heavy ion program LHC this year; jet, heavy quark system, v2 v3. Moreover, the v2 of heavy quark system were reported from RHIC. One can say that new critical information that can tell us about the detailed properties of quark-gluon plasma is now available. In the mist of such exciting times, we have tried to allow for maximal flexibility to learn about new data as they become available and thus generate new ideas. By sharing all these ideas, we tried to induce collaboration among theory and experiments and between different groups. - We are now responsible to generate world class ideas and results from the first Korean accelerator KoRIA. We have therefore organized the September meeting together with the particle physics division of KPS to discuss what ideas can be pursued at KoRIA. We believe this is the first meeting ground where we could openly discuss Korean ideas that we can pursue in Korea. APCTP Status Report 2011 35 - We could discuss and learn in detail about the hydrodynamic description of heavy ion collision from the expert of the field Prof. T. Hirano, who is also the 2011 Zimmanyi prize winner. This was a rare occasion for the students from which they could learn the details about the theory and how it is applied to the recently v3 from heavy ion collision. ■ Computational Approaches in Gravitation and Astrophysics (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers Gungwon Kang (KISTI), Inyong Cho (Seoul Nat’l Univ. of Tech.), Hee Il Kim (PI) (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Hyeong-Chan Kim (Chungju Nat’l Univ.),Sang Pyo Kim (Kunsan Nat‘l Univ.), Sungwon Kim (Ewha Womans Univ.), Chang-Hwan Lee (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Hyung Mok Lee (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Hyung Won Lee (Inje Univ.), John J. Oh (NIMS) (3) Scope of Program The formation, the life, and the death of all astronomical objects, such as the universe, galaxies, stars, and black holes cannot be explained without gravitation. Hence, it requires close collaborations between astrophysicists, astronomers, and cosmologists because of their common ingredient, the gravity. It also requires highly advanced numerical techniques and large computational resources for the researchers to study the realistic nature of the astronomical objects. The goal of this program is to support numerical relativists and to educate young generations, so that they could contribute to the understanding of Astrophysics/Astronomy/Cosmology through the close collaboration with theoretical or observational researchers in these fields. (4) Scientific Activities: Weekly Group Meeting Jan-July, Mini-Workshop 7 (Participants: 82) (5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments The main activities of our topical research program consisted of monthly working group meetings (6 times) , mini-workshops (3 times), and weekly teleconference meetings of the numerical relativity group. In addition, we had special journal club to educate new comers in the numerical relativity field. We would say these all activities were well organized and very successful thanks to the eagerness of the participants and the organizers. The series of workshops played important roles where researchers and students in the fields of Gravity, Cosmology and Astrophysics gathered together to present their works, share ideas, exchange active discussions and talk about future developments. Our workshop program has strongly been APCTP Status Report 2011 36 supported by domestic communities, and the organizers have been putting considerable efforts for managing the demands from research communities. We have supported a working group through which actual research work is actively going on. The program has supported monthly meetings of the Numerical Simulation Working Group. It has been held 6 times this year, with 7~9 participants per meeting, for them to give their research progress done during the past month and to drive discussion. To complement the time gap of the monthly off-line meetings, we have held weekly teleconference via EVO. Through the activity, the participants could push forward their research very efficiently. We also had supported a special journal club to educate new comers in the field of the numerical relativity during the first half of the year. The participating students in the journal club could finish advanced level of numerical relativity studies as well as introductory ones with the help of domestic experts. International collaborations have been developed actively. This year, we invited 2 active researchers on the magnetohydrodynamics which is a very crucial ingredient of astrophysical phenomena, such as, core collapsing supernova and evolution of neutron stars. They participated in our mini-workshop and introduced recent hot isssues and their numerical techniques. Some domestic researchers on the hydrodynamics could establish close collaborative relationship with them. Also some of our members have joined and worked in the international open source project for the numerical relativity, Einsteintoolkit, and are actively using the code for binary black hole collision and binary neutron star merge studies. The program is running cooperatively. The main financial support comes from APCTP, but KISTI also supports our program. KISTI has supported the monthly working group meetings and the workshops. In particular, KISTI, as a supercomputing center, has also provided the working group members with computing resources. So, this program has been run excellently well with the joint supports by sharing their own merits with each other. A web site (http://www.ksc.re.kr/kcnr/ ) has been accumulating materials for our activities. Workshop announcements and materials for presentations have been displayed on this web site so that anyone who is interested in the topic is able to use it easily. ■ Few-Body Physics from MeV to TeV (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers APCTP Status Report 2011 37 Ahn, Jung Keun (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Cheoun, Myoung-Ki (Soongsil Univ.), Choi, Ho-Meoyng (Kyungpook Nat’l Univ,), Choi, Seonho (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Choi, TaeKeun (Yonsei Univ.), Hyun, Chang Ho (Daegu Univ.), Kim, Hyun-Chul (Inha Univ.), Kim, Kyungsik (Korea Aerospace Univ.), Kim, Wooyoung (Kyungpook Nat’l Univ.), Lee, Hee Jung (Chungbook Nat’l Univ.), Oh, Yongseok (Kyungpook Nat’l Univ.),Park, Byung-Yoon (Chungnam Nat’l Univ.), Park, Tae-Sun (Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Yu, Byung Geel (Korea Aerospace Univ.) (3) Scope of Program Nuclear physics covers a wide range of research areas: from the physics of nuclei to the search for new state of matter made of quarks and gluons. Among the various research fields in nuclear physics, investigation of few-body systems has an important and unique role. Studies on few-body systems in nuclear physics include investigations on the hadron structure through the dynamics of the underlying quark and gluon degrees of freedom as well as the understanding of the reaction mechanisms in hadron scattering. This is closely related to the understanding of the formation of new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), since the physical quantities related to the signal of the QGP formation and its properties are observed only through the hadrons formed from the QGP. Furthermore, those hadrons undergo hadronic rescattering before they are detected by experimental apparatus. Therefore, it is natural to have firm knowledge on the effects of hadronic rescattering before we make decisive conclusions on the interesting phenomena related to new physics observed in heavy ion collisions. On the other hand, understanding the formation of nucleus and the nuclear forces from the underlying theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), is one of the main goals of nuclear physics. All these aspects of nuclear physics highly demand the development of few-body physics as the physics for a system of hadrons. Therefore, few-body systems of hadrons have a key role to link diverse fields in nuclear physics. In addition to this interdisciplinary nature, few-body physics has its own value for establishing the theory of strong interactions such as the mechanism of color confinement and it has been one of the main goals of the research projects performed/planned at world-wide facilities and institutions. This program intended to organize meetings among domestic few-body physicists and its purpose was to share ideas and new information on the front edge of the research activities in this field. More importantly, this program aims to provide corner stones for international collaborations by inviting foreign scholars to mini-workshop programs. We have organized three miniAPCTP Status Report 2011 38 workshops in 2011 with the subtitles, “Strangeness Physics at J-PARC”, “QCD and Few-Body Systems”, and “N* Problems.” The first meeting “Strangeness Physics at J-PARC” was held at APCTP with the joint support from the Korean J-PARC user community. In this meeting, 6 Japanese scholars were invited to give recent activities in the strangeness project at J-PARC. The second meeting “QCD and Few-Body Systems” was held at Korea Aerospace University as a satellite meeting of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics that was held in Seoul. In the 2nd meeting, 7 invited speakers presented recent works on the field of few-body problems in hadron physics. The third meeting “N* Problems” was organized to give recent information on the search for new baryon resonances and to initiate international collaborations in this active field. (4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 3 (Participants: 81) (5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): Reprint 1 (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments ■ Recent Progresses in Dark-Universe and Astrophysics: Forefront Problems at the intersection of Astrophysics, Cosmology, Nuclear Physics (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers Yong-Yeon Keum (IEU,Ewha Womans Univ.) , Sungwon Kim (Ewha Womans Univ.), Chang-Hwan Lee (Pusan Nat'l Univ. and APCTP), Jai-Chan Hwang (KNU), Sangpyo Kim (Kunsan Univ.) , Sinkyu Kang (SNUT), Teppei Okumura (IEU,Ewha Womans Univ.), Yong Seon Song (KIAS), Seoktae Koh (Sogang Univ.), Donghee Kim (KNU), Jaesam Kim (POSTECH),HongJoo Kim (KNU), Tae-Hoon Lee (Sungsil Univ.), Kyungjin Ahn (Chosun Univ.), Jeong-Yeon Lee (Sejong Univ.), Hongsu Kim (KASI), Il-Hung Park (Ewha Womans Univ.), Inyong Cho (SNUT), Shigehiro Nagataki (YITP,JAPAN), Taka Kajino(NAOJ,JAPAN) (3) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 18) ■ International Conference on Physics Education - The Direction of Physics Education in 21st (1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011 (2) Organizers Hong Soo Choi (Gyeongsang Nat'l Univ.), Chae Ok Kim (Hanyang Univ.),Joe Krajcik (Univ. of Michigan & Ewha Womans Univ.), K. Kitahara (ICU, Japan), Sung Muk Lee (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Seung Jae Park (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Sung-Won Kim (Ewha Womans Univ.), Jean-Soo Chung (Chungbuk Nat'l Univ.), Chan-Soo APCTP Status Report 2011 39 Jee (Kangwon Nat'l Univ.), Dong Ryul Jeon (Seoul Nat'l Univ.),Young-Min Kim (Pusan Nat'l Univ.), Hyunjoo Lee (Ewha Womans Univ.), Won Kun Oh (Chungbuk Nat'l Univ.), Yune Bae Park (Kyungpook Nat'l Univ.), Byung Yoon Park (Chungnam Nat'l Univ.) ,Jong-Won Park (Choonam Nat'l Univ.) (3) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 99) (4) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others) : Total 51 talks (23 oral presentation and 28 poster presentations) (5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments It was a successful international workshop, because the number of the formal registered participants is 113 that was quite big comparing to the size of the physics education community. The foreign invited speakers are four wellknown physics educators from Japan, Singapore, and USA. The number of presented papers is over than fifty and the qualities are very high including poster session. According to the data, it was so successful that the members of the community were satisfied and felt thanks to APCTP for financial support. APCTP Status Report 2011 40 2-2. Schools ■ 8th APCTP-KIAS Winter School on Statistical Physics (1) Period: Jan. 24 - 28, 2011 (2) Venue: Phoenix Park, Gangwondo, Korea (3) Organizers: Jae Dong Noh (Univ. of Seoul), Hyuk Kyu Pak (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Yup Kim (Kyunghee Univ.), Hyungtae Kook (Kyungwon Univ.), Hyunggyu Park (KIAS), Beom Jun Kim (Sungkyunkwan Univ.) (4) Total Participants: 95 persons (5) Scope of Program Nonequilibrium statistical physics plays a more and more important role in studying complex interacting many body systems. In the 8th winter school, we will provide three lectures given by distinguished speakers: Prof. Su-Chan Park, Prof. Deok Sun Lee, and Prof. Chulan Kwon. Two lectures will cover theoretical frameworks for nonequilibrium systems with continuous/discrete degrees of freedom with some applications to simple model systems. One lecture will cover a recent progress in understading fluctuation phenomena in nonequilibrium systems. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments The “Winter School on Statistical Physics” is the annual school organized by the statistical physics division of the Korean Physical Society in order to provide advanced courses in statistical physics to domestic graduate students. The 8th school was focused on the non-equilibrium statistical physics. We provided three lectures of five hours each. Students were assigned to a small term project, and they presented their own works in the final date. The quality of the lectures was very high, and the students participated in the class and presentation enthusiastically. We evaluate that the winter school was very successful. ■ Nuclear Physics School 2011 (NPS 2011) (1) Period: Jun. 27- Jul. 1, 2011 (2) Venue: APCTP Headquarter, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers Yong Kyun Kim (Hanyang Univ.), Hyun-Chul Kim (Inha Univ.), In-Kwon Yoo (Pusan Univ.), Jinhee Yoon (Inha Univ.), Seonho Choi (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), SeungWoo Hong(Sungkyunkwan Univ.) (4) Total Participants: 42persons (5) Scope of Program APCTP Status Report 2011 41 The “Nuclear Physics School,” conceived by the Korean nuclear physicists to educate and train domestic students, was first held in 2003 and annually afterwards, successfully completing its 8th meeting in July 2010. Needless to say, the future of Korean physics relies on how well the students are educated. While individual groups continue to train their students in their own fields, to cover the vast subfields in nuclear physics, systematically, it would be most effective to combine the efforts through either a winter or a summer school organized professionally by the Division of Nuclear Physics of Korean Physics Society. The self-evaluation reports of the School suggest that the level of research and participation in international conferences of our graduate students have increased substantially through the education and the benefit of the School lectures given by the experts and through mutual communications among the participating students. In Nuclear Physics School 2011, we invite lecturers who are experts in the fields of hadron physics and relativistic heavy ion collision. The Nuclear Physics School is designed mainly for the 1st and 2nd year Ph.D. students, and is modeled after the National Nuclear Physics Summer School in the USA and/or the summer school self-organized by graduate students in Japan. It aims at enabling the students to understand the recent papers published in nuclear physics by educating them the basics of the recent topics in the field and by leading them carry out independent researches. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments NPS2011 was successfully organized and completed under the support of APCTP and RAdiation Instruments & SEnsor laboratory (RAISE) of Hanyang University. Totally 39 students participated in the whole program which was focused to the hadron physics and relativistic heavy ion collision. The subjects were selected because the hadron physics and relativistic heavy ion collision are needed as the basic knowledge for students in nuclear physics. Since this program covered important features from the theoretical principles to the practical experimental methods, almost all students were satisfied to take part in this school. ■ 2011 APCTP International School on Numerical Relativity and Gravitational Waves (1) Period: Jul. 28 – Aug. 3, 2011 (2) Venue: APCTP Headquarter, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers Gungwon Kang (KISTI, Chair), Haeng Jin Jang (KISTI), Hee Il Kim (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Chang-Hwan Lee(Pusan Nat'l Univ.), Hyung Won Lee (Inje Univ.), ChunAPCTP Status Report 2011 42 Yu Lin(Nat'l Cheng Kung Univ.), Sang Hoon Oh(NIMS), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook Nat'l Univ.), Yu-ichiro Sekiguchi (YITP) (4) Total Participants: 62 persons (5) Scope of Program We have been holding an international school on Numerical Relativity, Gravitational Physics, and Gravitational Waves every year in the past five years, sponsored mainly by the Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP) in Pohang, Korea. This school is intended to provide in-depth education on the above subjects to graduate students as well as young scholars in East Asian Countries including Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. There will also be a miniworkshop for about one day at which several presentations on recent progresses in these fields are delivered by participating members, often including invited lecturers as well. Some of the main topics this year in more detail are binary (NS-NS, NS-BH and BH-BH) merger simulations, GR hydrodynamics and star collapse, gravitational wave detection experiments and gravitational wave data analysis. Most lectures will be pedagogical, subject to being adjusted upon request, but most of the lecturers will also give talks on status summaries of the topics at the end of their lectures. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments 1) The school was very successful by several measures; - Excellent lectures delivered - Active participations and responses by students from east Asian countries - Two participants from Indonesia and China were supported including airfares. They would not be able to attend it otherwise and appreciate our support a lot. - Successful outreach program: about 200 students, researchers and citizens attended the public lecture on “Bigbang, Inflation and Quantum Cosmology” - Strong support from communities and other institutions such as KISTI, YITP and NIMS -The school is becoming more stable and has more international features. The tutorial or demonstration program should be strengthened next time though. ■ 11th Summer Institute for Theoretical Physics (1) Period: Jul. 31- Aug. 6, 2011 (2) Venue: Alpensia, PyungChang, Korea (3) Organizers: Piljin Yi (Chair, KIAS), Eungjin Chun (KIAS), Jaemo Park (Postech), Sangmin Lee (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Hyungdo Kim (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Yoonbai Kim (SungKyunKwan Univ.) APCTP Status Report 2011 43 (4) Total Participants: 44 persons (5) Scope of Program graduate level education aimed at masters students and early Ph.D. students with prior exposure to quantum field theory (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments This year's SITP attracted some 40 graduate students from all over Korea, with finest lecturers and topics. One of the main tenet of the Institute is to teach all manner of high energy physics, regardless of particular subfields students are aiming at, and we mixed wide varieties of theoretical topics particle cosmology to exact amplitude computation in N= super Yang-Mills theories. Overall this kind of exposure is not common in domestic scene, and we believe it to be vital in producing quality researchers in the long run. Many of the students found the courses a bit challenging, according to a survey at the end of the school, although not uniformly so. This is in part due to rather wide varieties of students, coming from many different educational background. This poses a challenge for organizers as well when planning for next SITP. With rising cost of accommodation at the venue, the organizers had to turn away many prospective students. Holding a school at a remote place like Alpensia has the obvious advantage of focusing attention of participants, especially when they are young and from diverse background, but at the same time we must find a way to keep the cost down and accommodate more students. APCTP Status Report 2011 44 2-3. Conferences & Workshops ■ 2011 APCTP Winter Workshop on Frontiers in Electronic Quantum Matter (1) Period: Feb. 16-19, 2011 (2) Venue: POSCO International Center, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers: Yunkyu Bang (Chonnam Nat’l Univ.), Alexander V. Balatsky (LANL, NM), Han-Yong Choi (SungKyunKwan Univ.), Mahn-Soo Choi (Korea Univ.), Myung Hwa Jeong (Sogang Univ.), Won Nam Kang (SungKyunKwan Univ.), Changyoung Kim (Yeonsei Univ.), Hu-Jong Lee (POSTECH), Taewon Noh (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Jaehoon Park (POSTECH), Je-Geun Park (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), NaiChang Yeh (Caltech) (4) Total Participants: 77 persons (5) Scope of Program Recent years we have seen exciting development in the research of new superconductors such as Fe-based superconductors as well as new materials revealing new quantum electronic states. This time, the APCTP workshop on FEQM will focus on “Unconventional superconductors and related novel phenomena”. In particular, we dedicate one day memorial symposium (Feb.18, 2011) during the workshop to the late Prof. Sung-Ik Lee’, who has accidentally passed away early this year. Prof. Sung-Ik Lee was the founding member of our workshop since 1997 and has played a leading role until his last moment in the international community of the research of superconductivity such as MgB2 and high-Tc cuprate superconductors. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments This workshop is the most established academic activity on the strongly correlated electron systems in Korea and now widely recognized also in the international community. It was the 15th one in series since 1997 and in particular this year, we had one day special memorial workshop for the late Prof. Sung-Ik Lee where we invited the co-workers and friend scholars of Prof. Sung-Ik Lee all over the world. We all shared our bitter loss of Sung-Ik Lee who was a great condensed matter experimentalist and a founding father of the Korean condensed matter physics community as well as this APCTP winter workshop itself since 1997. Also this year we had three English delegate physicists through the UK-Korean Focal Point program supported by the UK embassy in Korea: T. G. Perring (ISIS), S. Hayden (Bristol) D. T. Adroja (ISIS). APCTP Status Report 2011 45 ■ Hadron Nuclear Physics 2011 (1) Period: Feb. 21 -24, 2011 (2) Venue: POSCO International Center, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers Jung Keun Ahn (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Hyung Chan Bhang (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Myoung-Ki (Soongsil Univ.), Seon Ho Choi (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Seungwoo Hong (Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Chang-Ho Hyun (Daegu Univ.), Hyun-Chul Kim (Inha Univ.), Wooyoung Kim (Kyung-Pook Nat’l Univ.), Youngman Kimykim (APCTP), Chang Hwan Lee (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Su Houng Lee (Yonsei Univ.), Seungil Nam(Korea Aerospace Univ.), Yongseok Oh(Kyung-Pook Nat’l Univ.), Ulugbek Yakhshiev(Inha Univ.), In Kwon Yoo(Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Jinhee Yoon (Inha Univ.), Byung Geel Yu (Korea Aerospace Univ.) (4) Total Participants: 73 persons (5) Scope of Program The workshop on Hadron Nuclear Physics will be held from February 21 to 24, 2011 at APCTP Headquarter, Pohang in Republic of Korea. The workshop is regarded as a continuation of the workshop “Hadron Nuclear Physics 2009” held at the RCNP, Osaka, Japan during the period of November 16-19, 2009. The present workshop will concentrate on quarks in hadrons, nuclei, and matter. In particular, it will provide a good opportunity to share information and ideas about recent hot issues such as newly-found exotic hadron states and novel phenomena in medium, new theoretical tools like AdS/QCD, etc. It will include presentations of related new data, new analysis techniques, new experimental facilities, and recent developments of theoretical works. The HNP2011 is intended to enhance the research collaborations in Eastern Asia. The proceedings will be published in EPJ Web of Conference. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments As mentioned above, 56 oral talks were presented and 75 physicists from five different countries participated in the HNP2011, including 16 Japanese and 7 Chinese. Compared to the previous workshops held in Japan and China, the number of the participants is comparable. Scientifically, the workshop spans most important and on-going issues in hadronic and nuclear physics. A part of the talks had also an overlap with the physics programs being carried out by one of the APCTP Junior Research Groups. In this sense, the workshop was rather fruitful for the community of nuclear physics in Korea as well as in China and Japan. APCTP Status Report 2011 46 ■ Astro. Particle. Conformal. Topical. Physics (A.P.C.T.P.) Winter School-2011 (1) Period: Feb. 24 -26, 2011 (2) Venue: APCTP Headquarters, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers Choong Sun Kim (Yonsei Univ., Chair), Kihyeon Cho (KISTI), Seung Joon Hyun (Yonsei Univ.), Sin Kyu Kang (S.N.U.T.), Young Joon Kwon (Yonsei Univ.), Bum Hoon Lee (Sogang Univ.), Sun Kun Oh (Konkuk Univ.) (4) Total Participants: 29persons (5) Scope of Program review and lecture the progress of particle physics in general – astrophysics, particle phenomenology, particle experiment, string theory - recent worldwide developments in theory and in experiment, hot topics, and etc. ■ Int’l Workshop on Mircrocavities and their Applications 2011 (WOMA 2011) (1) Period: May 24 – 27, 2011 (2) Venue: Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea (3) Organizers Kyungwon An (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Martina Hentschel (Max-Planck-Institute), Chil-Min Kim (Sogang Univ.), Sang Wook Kim (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Hans-Juergen Stoeckmann (Philipps-Universitaet Marburg) (4) Total Participants: 43 persons (5) Scope of Program - Whisperying gallery modes - Quantum chaos in microcavities - Coupled cavities - Microwave cavities - Microcavity optomechanics - Microcavity device and sensor applications - Nano lasers, microlasers, photonic crystal, LED's - Cavity QED and circuit QED - Random lasers - Quantum information (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments The 2nd International Workshop On Mircrocavities and their Applications (WOMA) was held in Busan from 24 to 27 August. During the workshop 28 talks and 5 posters have been presented. The scientists from many countries such as Germany, Japan, US, Canada, etc joined this activity, and discussed the cutting edge issues in this research field. It has been decided that the next APCTP Status Report 2011 47 WOMA would be held in China. We believe this meeting gives us an opportunity to make Korea be a leading country in microcavity science. ■ The 4th Workshop for Emergent Materials Research (1) Period: Jul. 11 -13, 2011 (2) Venue: POSCO International Center, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers Byung-Il Min (POSTECH), Jae-Hoon Park (POSTECH), Sang-Wook Cheong (Rutgers Univ.), Jaejun Yu (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Tae Won Noh (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Je-Geun Park (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Liu Hao Tjeng (MPI-CPfS-Dresden), Yoon Hee Jeong (POSTECH) (4) Total Participants: 98 persons (5) Scope of Program Significant progress in materials science of the past decade is associated with the emerging paradigm of phase complexity and cross-coupling phenomena in functional, complex materials, in which various physical degrees of freedoms are intricately coupled and charge carriers are strongly mutually interacting. Such mutual interactions couple the charge-spin-orbital-lattice of complex materials and often induce multifunctional phenomena such as magnetoelectric effects, which combine the magnetism and ferroelectricity. The associated length scales for the cross-coupling phenomena can vary in a wide range from a few nanometers to micrometers, and the relevant energy scales can also vary in a broad range. Evidently the existence of the competing interactions near phase boundaries can play an important role in generating the enhanced physical responses. Scientific understanding of the interrelationship between the phase complexity and macroscopic physical properties is of prime importance for controlling the functionality of complex materials. In present, the world leading material researches are carried out by forming an interdisciplinary collaborative research network including material synthesis groups, large scale research facility user groups such as synchrotron radiation facilities and neutron scattering facilities. Recently, many research groups have been developed in Nation, and large scale research facilities like Pohang Light Source (PSL) and Hanaro Neutron Laboratory are also available. Further they have capability to perform world competitive researches. This workshop is the 4th workshop. The workshop has been held annually since 2008 with the philosophy of 'current researches of the science in emergent materials’. A large attendance in the workshop presents a strong hope that the workshop for the emergent materials research is continued and is eager to APCTP Status Report 2011 48 participate in the workshop because of the scientific excellence and freshness. In the 3rd workshop in 2010, 18 invited speakers from Korea, US, Japan, China, Germany, UK, and Nederland gave world top class lectures on Multiferroics, Oxide heterostuctures, Novel superconductors, and Topological Insulators, which are current hop topics in the condensed matter physics society. To maintain the scientific excellence of the workshop, the talks are given mainly by the invited speakers, who are the principle leader of each outstanding research group. Also to stimulate the research activities of young scientists such as students and post docs, the workshop program will include the contributed talk and poster presentation sessions. The talks and presentations covered the newly developed materials and the current experimental results, and their related theories. The participants are expected to, in advance, experience the world research trend of the field in this workshop. The workshop consists of various related theories, new material researches of synthesis, and most macroscopic and microscopic measurements. Thus the program is rather interdisciplinary and comprehensive. In such reasons, very intensive discussions among the different groups are naturally induced during the workshop, and further the collaborations are greatly stimulated. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments The Workshop was successful not only in preparation and execution but also in maintaining its high quality of scientific contents. In addition to the distinguished speakers from USA, we had many top-grade invited speakers as well as poster presenters from Asain countires delivering current topics in the fields of electronic structure calculations and materials research. This year the workshop covered not only computational methodology but also its applications to real complex materials such as nanomaterials (nanotubes, graphene, nanowire, topological insulators), semiconductor and energy materials, metal and alloys, and correlated electron oxide materials. As shown in the number of participants, this Asian workshop has become a representative meeting among Asian physics community. ■ Localisation 2011, Satellite Conference of LT26 Beijing (1) Period: Aug. 4 -7, 2011 (2) Venue: POSCO Int'l Center, POSTECH, Korea (3) Organizers Pyungwon Ko (KIAS) ,Beob Kyun Kim (GSDC-KISTI) , Guinyun Kim (Kyungpook Nat’l Univ.), Inkyu Park (UOS), Jae Mo Park (POSTECH), Jeonghyeon Song (Konkuk Univ.), Sun Kun Oh (Konkuk Univ.), In-Kwon Yoo (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), APCTP Status Report 2011 49 Jung-Il Lee (Korea Univ.), June-Tak Rhee (Konkuk Univ.), Soonwook Hwang (KISTI) (4) Total Participants: 67 persons (5) Scope of Program The International Conference Localisation 2011 is the eighth of the series started in Braunschweig in 1984 and since then held in Tokyo, London, Eugene, Jasowiecz, Hamburg and Tokyo again and was held as satellite of the LT conferences. The purpose of the conference is to provide a forum for discussion of the latest progress on a broad range of topics related to experiments on and theory of localisation phenomena. The main topics discussed in the conference include: Quantum transport in disordered systems (Anderson localisation, effects of interactions on localisation, Anderson-Mott transition, mesoscopics), Superconductor-Insulator transition, Quantum Hall effects (fractional and integer), Topological Insulator, Graphene, Dynamical localisation, Heavy Fermions (Kondo effect, Kondo lattice, effects of disorder), Many Body localisation (spinglass, Coulomb glass) (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments This was the 8th International Conference Localisation 2011 of the series started in Braunschweig in 1984 and since then held in Tokyo, London, Eugene, Jasowiecz, Hamburg and Tokyo again, held as satellite of the LT conferences. The purpose of the conference was to provide a forum for discussion of the latest progress on a broad range of topics related to experiments on and theory of localization phenomena. The main topics discussed in the conference included: Quantum transport in disordered systems (Anderson localisation, effects of interactions on localisation, Anderson-Mott transition, mesoscopics), Superconductor-insulator transition, Quantum Hall effects (fractional and integer) , Topological insulator, Graphene, Dynamical localisation, Heavy fermions (Kondo effect, Kondo lattice, effects of disorder), Many body localization (spin-glass, Coulomb glass). The Speakers were chosen by an international advisory committee, including two Nobel laureates and all senior experts of the field. Thus, the presentations were covering the frontier of the research in this field. The proceedings will be published by World Scientific in the Journal of Modern Physics. ■ New Frontiers of Low Temperature Physics (1) Period: Aug. 19 -22, 2011 (2) Venue: KAIST, Daejeon, Korea APCTP Status Report 2011 50 (3) Organizers Kyung-Hwa Yoo (Yonsei Univ.), Hu-Jong Lee (POSTECH, Chairman of ULT2011), Kang-Hun Ahn (Chungnam Nat’l Univ.), Yunchul Chung (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Eunseong Kim (KAIST, Co-chair), Kee Hoon Kim (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Tuson Park (Sung Kyun Kwan Univ.), Heung-Sun Sim (KAIST) (4) Total Participants: 170 persons (5) Scope of Program ULT2011, the new frontiers of low temperature physics, is one of the satellite conferences following the International Low Temperature Conference (LT-26), held in Beijing, China from August 10-17, 2011. In ULT 2011 edition, we also wish to bring together a broad community of researchers to discuss the experimental challenges and innovations in the field of low temperature physics. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments The ULT 2011 conference (Aug. 19-22, KAIST, Daejeon) was one of the satellite conferences following the International Low Temperature Conference (LT-26), held in Beijing, China. The aim of this conference was to discuss new physics in condensed matter systems at low temperatures to identify new research directions and to discuss technical challenges and innovations. The ULT2011 brought together a broad community of researchers, spanning the field, to forge links between different experimental communities as well as between experimentalists and theorists. The ULT 2011 conference was stimulating the interplay between theory and experiment which has been invaluable in understanding condensed matter at low temperatures. The ULT2011 followed the tradition of these earlier meetings; it brought together theorists and experimentalists actively working in this exciting field, to discuss new ideas and recent results. The ULT 2011 edition invited a broad community of researchers to discuss the experimental challenges and to assemble a brilliant group of minds and to share expertise and lessons, and to pave out a path for the future use of low temperature technology. The ULT2011 also promoted the research in the field of low temperature physics by putting together senior researchers with outstanding experience and promising young researchers eager to identify new research directions. Young researchers were especially benefited from communicating with highly qualified senior researchers. A significant portion of grants was assigned to accepted participants including graduate students from Southeast Asia and women scientists. The ULT 2011 was the first international low temperature conference to be held in Korea. The successful manage of the ULT 2011 reflects the growing activities in the fields APCTP Status Report 2011 51 of low-temperature science and cryogenic technology in Korea. ■ APCTP 2011 LHC Physics Workshop at Korea (1) Period: Aug. 9 -11, 2011 (2) Venue: Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Korea (3) Organizers : Pyungwon Ko (KIAS) ,Beob Kyun Kim (GSDC-KISTI) , Guinyun Kim (Kyungpook Nat Univ), Inkyu Park (UOS), Jae Mo Park (Postech & APCTP, Program coordinator) , Jeonghyeon Song (Konkun Univ), Sun Kun Oh (Konkuk Univ), In-Kwon Yoo (Pusan Nat Univ), Jung-Il Lee (Krea University), June-Tak Rhee (Konkuk Univ), Soonwook Hwang (KISTI) (4) Total Participants: 82 persons (5) Scope of Program As explained in the proposal, it is quite evident that the outcome of the workshop would contribute to the high energy physics community in the Asia/Pacific region, not only because the workshop is open to everyone who is involved in the LHC physics but also because the workshop provides the opportunity for the participants to communicate, discuss, and distribute their ideas and initiatives with other people in the region. The experience of the workshops in last three years have been very fruitful and instructive, in the sense that many colleagues in the community of Korean high energy physics have recognized that this workshop is necessary and essential for them. They assert that, among a number of workshops and conferences that are scattered all year round, this workshop takes the right place at the right time. Although the LHC is located in the European continent, and the people at the LHC are mostly non-Asian, the high energy physicists in the Asia/Pacific region are quite well qualified, motivated, and interested in the physics that may be discovered at the LHC. In fact, a lot of physicists of Asia/Pacific origin are actively working at the LHC in one way or another. And it is true that much more people are eager to participate in the LHC physics and contribute to our understanding of the Universe and the world we are living in. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments To all of participants, the fact that this workshop is sponsored by APCTP has been the most important factor to decide their participation. In this sense, APCTP is the vital focus of activity in high energy physics in Korea, otherwise it is isolated geographically from other parts of the world. This year is the fourth consecutive year to held the workshop. The number of participants has been increased significantly. Although the workshop has been held during the summer holiday season, many Korean researchers as well as participants from APCTP Status Report 2011 52 abroad have attended at the workshop. Among the participants have been some key figures in the Korea-CERN project, including PI of Ko-ALICE team, PI of KISTI Tier-2 Center for ALICE, PI of KNU Tier-2 Center for CMS, and Dr Rudiger Voss of CERN, the CERN Coordinator for Korea. Only a few physicists in Asia region have attended the workshop. It is much desirable to attract more physicists from other Asian countries who are also involved in the CERN experiments. This workshop is unique in its kind in the Asia-Pacific region, while a number of workshops of similar scope and nature take place in the European continent. Therefore, it is very crucial to develop this workshop into a truly Asia-Pacific workshop where interested physicists may feel free to participate and form a gross cluster of community of LHC physics. ■ The Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (1) Period: Aug. 22 - 26, 2011 (2) Venue: Sungkyunkwan Univ., Seoul, Korea (3) Organizers : Jung Keun Ahn (Pusan Nat'l Univ.), Hyeongchan Bhang (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Myoung-Ki Cheoun (Soongsil Univ.), Seonho Choi (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Seung-Woo Hong (Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Chang Ho Hyun (Daegu Univ.), HyunChul Kim (Inha Univ.) (Co-chair), Youngman Kim (APCTP), Wooyoung Kim (Kyungpook Nat'l Univ.), Seung-il Nam (Korea Aerospace Univ.), Yongseok Oh (Kyungpook Nat'l Univ.), Byung-Yoon Park (Chungnam Nat'l Univ.) (Co-chair), Tae-Sun Park (Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Jin-Hee Yoon (Inha Univ.), Byung Geel Yu (Korea Aerospace Univ.) (4) Total Participants: 113 persons (5) Scope of Program Scope of Program: The Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics aims at bringing together theoretical and experimental physicists who are investigating few-body aspects of the above physics fields, and to provide an opportunity for them to present new results and techniques, and borderless discussions among participants including beginning researchers and experts, so that they are stimulated and inspired for future research in their own fields. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments: As mentioned above, 117 oral talks were presented and approximately 110 physicists from 16 different countries participated in the APFB2011. The conference spans most important and ongoing issues in few-body systems not only in nuclear physics but also other fields such as atomic physics. As a result of this conference, 102 contributions to the conference proceedings were submitted. The proceedings will appear as APCTP Status Report 2011 53 a special volume of the “Few-Body Systems”. ■ The 34th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT34) (1) Period: Nov. 7-11, 2011 (2) Venue: POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers: Peter Fulde (Conference Chair; APCTP, Korea), Yunkyu Bang (Program Chair; Chonnam Nat’l Univ., Korea), Mahn-Soo Choi (Korea Univ., Korea), Yong Baek Kim (KIAS, Korea; Univ. of Toronto, Canada), Hyun-Woo Lee (POSTECH, Korea), Helga Boehm (Johannes Kepler Univ. Linz, Austria), John W. Clark (Washington Univ in St. Louis, USA), Norio Kawakami (Univ. of Kyoto, Japan), Manuel de Llano (UNAM, Mexico), Carlos Wexler (Univ of Missouri, USA), Tao Xiang (ITP, Beijing, China) (4) Total Participants: 70 persons (5) Scope of Program The Workshops on Condensed Matter Theories have been held annually since 1977 in a wide variety of venues around the world. The primary aims of the Workshops are: to encourage cross-fertilization between different approaches to various many-body systems, to promote continuing collaborative efforts involving groups of Workshop participants, and to foster communication and cooperation between scientists in developed and developing nations. Regarding contents, the Workshops' orientation has always been interdisciplinary, emphasis being placed on promoting the understanding of many particle effects in such diverse areas as condensed matter, lowtemperature, atomic, nuclear, chemical, statistical, and biological physics, as well as in quantum field theory, quantum optics, quantum information theory, and the theory of complex systems. The CMT34 adheres to this tradition of widely spread common concerns, with a special focus on the following core subjects: 1.Strong Correlations and Unconventional Superconductors 2. Topological Phases in Condensed Matter (topological insulators, spin liquids, ...) 3. Low-dimensional Systems (graphene, surfaces, mesoscopic systems) 4.Numerical Methods (recent progress and novel developments) (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments This CMT34 international conference has such a long tradition and history and as such it is very prestigious conference and usually attracted many world class scholars as speakers and participants. Nevertheless every participant agreed on that this year’s CMT34 is the best quality among the recent years’ series, in terms of the quality as well as numbers of the invited speakers. Overall it was extremely successful conference. APCTP Status Report 2011 54 ■ 6th Korean Astrophysics Workshop “Fundamental Processes of Astrophysical Turbulence” (1) Period: Nov. 16-19, 2011 (2) Venue: POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers: Jungyeon Cho (Chungnam Nat. U.), Pat H. Diamond (Center for Fusion Theory, Korea), Jongsoo Kim (KASI, Korea), Peter M. Goldreich (Caltech/IAS, USA), Chang-Mo Ryu (Postech, Korea), Alex Lazarian (U. of Wisconsin, USA), Annick Pouquet (NCAR, USA), Dongsu Ryu (Chungnam Nat. U., Korea), E. T. Vishniac (McMaster U., Canada) (4) Total Participants: 48 persons (5) Scope of Program: - Turbulence is the most common state of astrophysical flows. Most astrophysical systems, e.g. accretion disks, solar/stellar winds, the Interstellar medium (ISM), and the intracluster medium (ICM) are in turbulent states with embedded magnetic fields that influence almost all of their properties. Recently there has been a significant breakthrough on the theory of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We now have scaling models that are consistent with both observations and numerical simulations. Understanding the basic physics of MHD turbulence is essential for understanding many astrophysical phenomena in accretion disks, in solar/stellar winds, in the ISM, in the ICM, as well as in the large-scale structure of the universe. Understanding the basic physics of MHD turbulence is essential for cosmic ray transport, particle acceleration, interstellar chemistry, grain dynamics, etc. Understanding the basic physics of MHD turbulence is essential for testing theoretical predictions against observations in the ISM and ICM. Recent progresses in the fundamental processes of astrophysical turbulence will be discussed in the workshop. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments In this workshop, turbulence in astrophysical environments was discussed. Topics covered include - General Hydrodynamic Turbulence Theory - General Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Turbulence Theory - Turbulence in Space and Astrophysical Plasmas - Turbulence in Laboratory Plasma and Plasma Effects - MHD Dynamo - MHD Applications: Particle Acceleration and Reconnection - Interstellar Medum Turbulence The workshop was very successful. The participants included leading APCTP Status Report 2011 55 researchers in the field. The quality of presentations, which are posted at the workshop homepage, http://canopus.cnu.ac.kr/kaw6/, was very high. I believe it was a very successful workshop in the field. ■ The 6th APCTP-KAIST School for Brain Dynamics ‘Young Computational Neuroscientist Workshop (2011)’ (1) Period: Dec. 5, 2011 (2) Venue: Daejeon Convention Center (DCC), Daejeon, Korea (3) Organizers : Hyungtae Kook, Ph.D. (Kyungwon Univ.), Changwoo Shin, Ph.D. (SAIT), Dongwook Hwang, Ph.D. (NIMS), Amir Raz, Ph.D. (McGill Univ.) Jaeseung Jeong, Ph.D. (KAIST) (4) Total Participants: 48 persons (5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments 4 young Korean postdocs from the US and 2 postdocs from Japan were here to give talks about recent hot issues and findings in the field of computational neuroscience. 5 young Korean postdocs also gave talks about their most recent results on brain dynamics. 48 attendants really enjoyed the talks and participated in active discussions during and after the talks. Based on personal surveys, most of the audiences very much satisfied on the workshop. We also should note that 7 undergrad students in the department of physics and brain engineering attended the workshop to have current trends on brain dynamics and application of nonlinear dynamics and complex system modeling to brain studies. APCTP Status Report 2011 56 2-4. Focus Programs ■ APCTP-IEU Focus Program Cosmology and Fundamental Physics 2 (1) Period: Jun. 6 - 18, 2011 (2) Venue: APCTP, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers: Changrim Ahn (Ewha Womans Univ., IEU), Chanju Kim (Ewha Womans Univ.), Frederico Arroja (IEU), Hyun Seok Yang (IEU) (4) Total Participants: 26 persons (5) Scope of Program String Cosmology, Inflation and the High Energy Universe, Non-Gaussianity in Cosmic Structure, Dark Energy and Dark Matter, Gravity and Quantum Cosmology (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments In this year program we have mainly invited those, both Koreans and nonKoreans, who belonged to various domestic research institutes. This is mainly because we plan the Focus program as an initial stage of scientific collaborations between particle physics and cosmology which will continue not only in APCTP but also at any other time during the year. After setting up scientific agendas at the Focus program, the participants can meet anytime conveniently to develop them into outputs. In our third program this initial stage of collaboration will develop further into more mature research groups. ■ 2nd Year of APCTP-WCU Focus program “From dense matter to compact stars in QCD and in hQCD” (1) Period: Aug. 16 - 25, 2011 (2) Venue: APCTP, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers: Mannque Rho (CEA France & Hanyang Univ.), Hyun Kyu Lee (Hanyang Univ.&APCTP), Sang-Jin Sin(Hanyang Univ.), Youngman Kim (APCTP) (4) Total Participants: 30 persons (5) Scope of Program This is the second program in series of a 5-year cooperative research between the WCU-Hanyang program (Five year program on ‘Hadronic Matter under Extreme Conditions’) and the APCTP Focus Program. The 2011 program will then take up the first focused debate on the intricate interplay between the equation of state of dense baryonic matter and the compact-star mass/radii. The 2010 session highlighted the variety of issues involved, namely, the stiffness or softness of the compressed baryonic matter, as predicted by both QCD-motivated models and holographic approaches and their ramifications on APCTP Status Report 2011 57 observables. In the coming session, these will be confronted more rigorously with the presently available astrophysical observations, with the view to streamline the future directions of research in the multi-disciplined approach that encompasses a wide range of fields, i.e., particle/hadron/nuclear physics, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, holographic gravity/gauge duality. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments During the APCTP-WCU focus program, we had extensive discussions on (1) the intricate interplay between the equation of state of dense baryonic matter and the compact-star mass/radii (2) how to determine the mass and radii using observed neutron star data , and (3) the role of holographic QCD to address the common theme of dense hadronic matter relevant to the interior of compact star matter. This focus program will cross-fertilize particle/hadron/nuclear physics, astrophysics, condensed matter physics, string theory (gauge/gravity duality) with objective to have contact with observations on compact stars and experiments in terrestrial laboratories such as KoRIA (Korea), FAIR/GSI and JPARC. We are applying for third Year of APCTP-WCU Focus program “From dense matter to compact stars in QCD and in hQCD.” The 2012 program purports are to unravel the state of cold baryonic matter relevant to compact stars that can, and will, be accessed in the near future by the forth coming accelerators such as KoRIA (Korea) and other RIB machines (Japan, China, USA, Europe, …) and ultimately FAIR (GSI/Darmstadt). The focus here will be on EFT approaches to EoS that are immediately relevant to both the structure of asymmetric nuclei and the symmetry energy in the vicinity of nuclear matter . ■ APCTP Focus Program on Nonequilibrium Transport in a Mesoscopic System (1) Period: Sep. 14 - 27, 2011 (2) Venue: APCTP, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers: Mukunda Das (Australian Nat'l Univ.), Jongbae Hong (POSTECH/APCTP), Chao Zhang (Univ. of Wollongong) (4) Total Participants: 20 persons (5) Scope of Program Quantum electronic transport in mesoscopic systems is a challenging subject in condensed matter physics. In recent years, a variety of nanostructures are studied to understand the basic mechanism of electron transport at a APCTP Status Report 2011 58 fundamental level. The importance of this type of study is also aimed towards the successful applications to electronic devices for next generation. In this focus program, it is planned to discuss the experimental observations on various nanoscopic systems and their theoretical understandings. Interesting new ideas on the transport through nanostructures will also be presented. This workshop is a resumption of the joint activity of ICTP and APCTP in the field of condensed matter physics. (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments We invited acting researchers who are working on transport in various mesoscopic systems such as quantum dots, magnetized adatom on metallic surface, quantum point contacts, and grapheme and grapheme ribbons. These subjects are recently very attractive and have some unexplained aspects. We also discussed theoretical tools handling the nonequilibrium transient and steady state of quantum impurity systems. Developing theoretical tool itself is an on-going research subject in condensed matter physics. We provided three colloquium talks for students and postdocs. Many students and postdocs in Postech area attended the colloquium talks. Some of them also attended at our regular program. There are excellent researchers in Europe and U.S., which require more airfare. In order to invite people from those areas, we need more budget. ■ Liouville, Integrability and Branes (7) (1) Period: Dec. 1 - 14, 2011 (2) Venue: APCTP, Pohang, Korea (3) Organizers: Soo-Jong Rey (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Changrim Ahn (Ewha Woman Univ.), Dongsu Bak (Univ. of Seoul), Yu Nakayama (IPMU/Caltech) (4) Total Participants: 22 persons (5) Scope of Program Exact results in gauge and string theories, Integrability in Gauge Theories and Strings, Gauge-gravity correspondences, D-branes and string dynamics (6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments The scientific quality of this year’s Focus Program maintained the highest level we attained in all previous years. In particular, several eminent researchers including Romuald Janik (Jagellonian University, Poland), Paolo DiVecchia (NORDITA, Sweden), Yu Nakayama (CALTECH, USA), Alexei Morozov (ITEP, Russia) were among the core members of the workshop. There were 8 Ph.D. graduate students from Seoul National University and Sogang University, and 6 postdocs from Portugal, China, Korea and Japan. The APCTP Status Report 2011 59 Focus Program is internationally well acclaimed, and have made every effort to bring further awareness within Korea. We continue the Focus Program to continue to future years. In year 2012, we plan to hold it around December 1 ~ December 12. APCTP Status Report 2011 60 V. Reports of Research Programs in 2011 1. Summary of Research Programs 2. Scientific Reports of Junior Research Groups & Research Professor 2-1. Multi-Scale Modeling ; Group 2 Leader – Xin Zhou ( June 1, 2008~June 28, 2012) 2-2. String Theory in Strongly Interacting Systems ; Group 3 Leader – Youngman Kim (Since March 1, 2009) 2-3. Cooperative Phenomena in Correlated Electron Systems ; Group 4 Leader – Tetsuya Takimoto (Since July 1, 2009) 2-4. Ultracold Atom Gases ; Group 5 Leader – Gentaro Watanabe (Since May 1, 2010) 2-5. Loop Quantum Gravity and the Small Scale Structure of Space-time ; Group 6 Leader – Hanno Sahlmann (Since October 22, 2010) 2-6. Biological and Soft Matter Theory ; Group 7 Leader- YongSeok Jho (Since June 1, 2012) 2-7. Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology ; Group 8 Leader- Ki Young Choi (Since July 1, 2012) 2-8. Emergent Dynamics of Complex Living Systems ; Group 9 Leader- Pan-Jun Kim (Since December 1, 2012) 2-9. Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems ; Research Professor– Ki-Seok Kim (October 1, 2008~February 29,2012) APCTP Status Report 2011 61 1. Summary of Research Programs 1-1. Junior Research Groups (JRG) ■ 8 JRGs & 1 Research Professor (1) Multi-Scale Modeling (2) String Theory in Strongly Interacting Systems (3) Cooperative Phenomena in Correlated Electron Systems (4) Ultracold Atom Gases (5) Loop Quantum Gravity and the Small Scale Structure of Space-time (6) Biological and Soft Matter Theory (7) Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology (8) Emergent Dynamics of Complex Living Systems (9) Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems ■ Number of members: 26 Persons (1) 10 Professors, 11 postdoctors, 5 Ph.D. Students (2) Person Month(PM): 221.00 (1PM=28 days) ■ Scientific activities ; 78 Visitors, 7 Workshops (119 participants), 47 Seminars, 32 Discussion meeting 1-2. Young Scientist Training Program (YST) ■ Training at the postdoctoral level: 9 persons (54.5 PM) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Mew-Bing Wan, Malaysia, Astrophysics Satoshi Nagaoka, Japan, Super String Theory Yumi Ko, Korea, String Theory, ADS/CFT Correspondence Okyu Kwon, Korea, Statistical Physics Kanoknan Sarasamak, Thailand, Condensed matter Rayda P. Gammag, Philipines, Condensed matter (7) Jongwook Kim, Korea, Financial physics (8) Shigenori Seki, Japan, String Theory (9) Jian Jiang, Beijing, Complex systems, Econophysics 1-3. AP Scholars for Joint Research (AP Scholars) ■ AP Scholars: 6 persons (36.75 PM) ; Joint research by inviting established scholars in Asia Pacific as an APCTP faculty and an adjunct professorship. APCTP Status Report 2011 62 1-4. Visitors Program ■ Visitors: 20 persons Total 20 Member Country Korea Others 8 5 Non Member Country 7 Seminars 13 Person Month 9.5 1-5. Publications of Research ■ 45 Reprints (SCI: 45 reprints, IF: 3.433) APCTP Status Report 2011 63 2. Scientific Reports of Junior Research Groups & Research Professor 2-1. Multi-Scale Modeling ■ Leader – Prof. Xin Zhou (PhD. ITP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (2001)) ■ Period: Since Jun. 1, 2008 ■ Overview The Independent Junior Research Group (JRG) on Multiscale modeling and simulations was established on June 1st, 2008, financially supported by Max-Planck Society, Germany and Korean Government. The JRG focuses on developing and applying multi-scale computation and simulation methods to study equilibrium and dynamical properties of biological macromolecules and another complex systems in different spatial and temporal scales. Up to October of 2010, there are seven members, pre-members and long-term visitors in the JRG, including one professor, one visiting professor, one postdoctoral researcher, one visiting student and three exchange Ph.D students. The JRG has built a 22-nodes (176 processors) PC cluster computer for our normal simulations. The JRG is communicating and collaborating with some research groups in the world, and publishing some interesting results on multiscale methods and their applications in soft materials. ■ Research The phenomena and processes of biologic macromolecules (such as proteins, DNA/RNA) and another complex systems, such as glass transitions, often happen in very wide time and space scales. The current single-scale molecular simulations, such as first-principle, all-atomic, and different-level coarse-grained simulations, usually only focus on a single scale, so that it is hard to detect the intrinsic interplays among the different scales. We are working on developing a systematic multiscale strategy by combining these different-scale simulations and techniques to extend the time and space scales of computer simulations in complex systems. Recently, we develop some new methods to construct coarse-grained models of simple and complex liquids, such as water, polymers, etc., to enhanced sample equilibrium conformations in biological macromolecules, and to analyze hierarchic kinetic transition networks and dynamics of peptides and proteins based on trajectory mapping. In the year, we focus on the application of trajectory mapping method in liquid water, polypeptides and small proteins. APCTP Status Report 2011 64 A. Trajectory Mapping in Polypeptides Both the simplification of complex systems and the improvement of simulation efficiencies require understanding highdimensional conformational space of the complex systems. Traditional methods usually intuitively presume one (or a few) reaction coordinates and project simulation-generated conformations to the low-dimensional space to achieve equilibrium and dynamical properties of the systems. The methods often oversimplify the systems since the reaction coordinates are usually complex and unknown. Recently, from parallel simulation data, we present a trajectory mapping method for top-down construct transition network among meta-stable states from long to short time scales. By mapping each simulation trajectory (or segment of trajectory) into a high-dimensional vector, we are able to use cluster algorithms and simply linear algebraic analyzing to effectively identify meta-stable states, transition kinetics as well as transition pathways of the simulated systems. We analyze the dynamics in polypeptide (with 12 amid acid residuals) and get the hierarchic transition networks and folding dynamics. APCTP Status Report 2011 65 B. Hydrogen Bonding in liquid Water The trajectory mapping method is also applied to analyze the hydrogen bonding structure in liquid water. Structure and properties of liquid waters are mainly related hydrogen bonding. Computer simulations based on first principle or all-atomic water models are widely applied to reproduce some of properties of water. By using our trajectory mapping methods, we analyze the meta-stable hydrogen bonding state of water from ab initio simulations, give some interesting results. C. Construction of Coarse-grained Models Due to too many degrees of freedom in complex systems, it is very hard to apply standard Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations to detect interesting equilibrium and dynamical properties. By averaging some less important degrees of freedom, it is possible to construct coarse-grained models to simplify the complex systems. The main question is how to get the effective force field in the coarsegrained models to best reproduce properties of the original systems. Traditional coarse-graining techniques fit parameters of effective force fields of coarse-grained models by requiring reproducing some preselected interesting thermodynamic variables of the fine-grained models, thus it is unknown how well the obtained coarse-grained model reproduces the other properties. By developing our previous works where coarse-grained models are required to match free energy surface of the fine-grained models, we presented a new coarse-graining scheme to optimize the effective force fields by matching the probability density in a high-dimensional space. The method has advantages of both the traditional coarse-graining techniques (needing less computing time) and the free-energy-matching methods (taking into account the overall characteristics of free energy surface). The new coarse-graining method can APCTP Status Report 2011 66 be applied to bridge any two different level models or theories, such as building a connection between the microscopic particle-based molecular simulations and the macroscopic field-based continuous theories of fluids. We test the new coarse-graining method in liquid water, from all-atomic TIP3P water model to a single-site pair additive water model. The obtained single-site coarse-grained water model reproduces very well the structure [radial distribution function g(r)] of the all-atomic water model. We are also extending the method to chain molecules and to get more transferable coarse-graining models. D. Enhanced Sampling Standard Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation techniques can effectively sample high-dimensional conformational space to get equilibrium and dynamical properties of simpler systems. However, in complex systems, such as biological macromolecules and glasses, due to the rugged energy (or free energy) surface, it is difficult to get complete sample based on these standard techniques in our affordable computing resources. Lots of advanced techniques have been developed to overcome the difficulties. Despite the success already achieved, it is still difficult to thoroughly investigate a practically interesting system even based on these advanced techniques. We presented a generalized canonical ensemble method to overcome the free energy barriers. The 1st order phase transition region in large-size Potts model is a good workhorse for testing the new general enhanced sampling method. Furthermore, we combined the generalized canonical ensemble method with the parallel tempering techniques to improve efficiencies of sampling. In the right figure, we show the relation between the reverse statistical temperature and potential energy in the paramagnetic/ferromagnetic coexisted region of the 1st order phase transition in two-dimension 10-state Potts models with different sizes. The thermodynamic instable coexisted phases in the normal canonical ensemble are stabilized in the generalized canonical ensemble, the critical point, the coexisted temperature, the free energy barriers between the paramagnetic phase and ferromagnetic phase, and phase separation are achieved. We are applying the new method in another systems APCTP Status Report 2011 67 to improve the sampling efficiencies. ■ Members Name Title Nationality Period Xin ZHOU Leader/ Prof. Beijing Jun.1, 2008-June 28, 2011 Guanghong ZUO Dr. Beijing Mar.24,2011~June23,2011 Bo ZHENG Prof. Beijing Jul. 21, 2010-Jul. 20, 2011 APCTP Status Report 2011 68 2-2. String Theory in Strongly Interacting Systems ■ Leader – Prof. Youngman Kim (PhD. Hanyang Univ., Korea (1999)) ■ Period: Since Mar. 1, 2009 ■ Overview The goal of my JRG (SSIS) is about applications of string theory technique in strongly interacting systems. SSIS stands for string theory for strongly interacting systems. Typical examples of the strongly interacting systems are strongly interacting quark gluon plasma (or quark gluon liquid), dense QCD matter like core of neutron stars, low energy hadron physics, and condensed matter systems. SSIS consists of a leader, two research fellows, and one Ph D student. From September 1st, SSIS has one more member, Mr. Juhyun Jung, till end of February, 2012. He is a graduate student at Inha University in Incheon. This year we worked on several topics in holographic QCD and in AdS/CMT(condensed matter theory). Some of them will be briefly discussed in this annual report. ■ Research A. Holographic equations of state and astrophysical compact objects We solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volko_ equation using an equation of state (EoS) calculated in holographic QCD. The aim is to use compact astrophysical objects like neutron stars as an indicator to test holographic equations of state. We first try an EoS from a dense D4/D8 model. In this case, however, we could not find a stable compact star, a star satisfying pressure-zero condition with a radius R, p(R) = 0, within a reasonable value of the radius. This means that the EoS from the D4/D8 model may not support any stable compact stars or may support one whose radius is very large. This might be due to a deficit of attractive force from a scalar _eld or two-pion exchange in the D4/D8 model. Then, we consider D4/D6 type models with di_erent number of quark avors, Nf = 1; 2; 3. Though the mass and radius of a holographic star is larger than those of normal neutron stars, the D4/D6 type EoS renders a stable compact star. APCTP Status Report 2011 69 Ref.: Youngman Kim, Chang-Hwan Lee, Ik Jae Shin, Mew-Bing Wan, Holographic equations of state and astrophysical compact objects e-Print: arXiv:1108.6139 [hepph] B. Four-nucleon contact interactions from holographic QCD. The four-nucleon interaction in the effective chiral Lagrangian was first introduced by Weinberg to describe the short-range part of the nuclear force. Like pion and pionnucleon interactions in chiral Lagrangian, the four-Fermi operators are accompanied by unknown coupling constants, called low energy constants (LECs). These constants are calculable from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), in principle. However, in reality the LECs are determined by a fit to some experimental data or through some model-dependent calculations. We calculate the low energy constant of four-nucleon interactions in an effective chiral Lagrangian in holographic QCD. We start with a D4-D8 model to obtain meson nucleon interactions, and then we integrate out massive mesons to obtain the four-nucleon interactions in 4D. We end up with two low energy constants at the leading order and seven at the next leading order, which is consistent with the effective chiral Lagrangian. We show the values of the constant with the only lowest Kaluza-Klein resonance and with five ones. APCTP Status Report 2011 70 Ref.: Youngman Kim, Deokhyun Yi, and Piljin Yi, interactions from holographic QCD,” to appear “Four-nucleon contact C. Holographic meson mass in asymmetric dense matter We study a meson mass splitting due to isospin violation in holographic dense matter. We work in a D4/D6/D6 model with two quark flavor branes to consider asymmetric dense matter in holographic QCD. We mainly consider two cases. We first consider m+/m- ~ md/mu to study the effect of isospin violation on the meson masses. Then, we take m+/m- ~ ms/mq, where mq~(mu+md)/2, to calculate inmedium kaon-like meson masses. In both cases we observe that the mass splitting of charged mesons occurs at low densities due to the asymmetry, while at high densities their masses become degenerate. At intermediate densities, we find an exotic behavior in masses which could be partly understood in a simple picture based on the Pauli exclusion principle. Ref.: Youngman Kim, Ik Jae Shin, Yunseok Seo, and Sang-Jin Sin, “Holographic meson mass in asymmetric dense matter,” e-Print: arXiv:1108.2751 [hep-ph] APCTP Status Report 2011 71 C. Strangeness quark droplets in a deformed AdS/QCD model We discuss the bound systems containing strangeness within the framework of AdS/QCD model with a back-reacted geometry. To perform our studies we start from the deformed AdS black hole solution, due to a finite quark mass and with vanishing chiral condensate, considering further the gauge fields on top that black hole geometry. Ref.: Hyun-Chul Kim, Youngman Kim, Ik Jae Shin, “Strangelets in a deformed AdS/QCD model,” to appear APCTP Status Report 2011 and Ulugbek Yakhshiev, 72 ■ Members Name Title Youngman KIM Leader/ Prof. Korea Mar.1, 2009-Feb.28, 2014 Takuya TSUKIOKA Dr. Japan Sep.1, 2009-Aug.31, 2012 Deokhyun YI Mr. Korea Sep.1, 2009-Aug.31, 2012 IkJae SHIN Dr. Korea Oct.1, 2009-Sep.30, 2012 Juhyun Jung Mr. Korea Sep.1,2011~Feb.29, 2012 APCTP Status Report 2011 Nationality Period 73 2-3. Cooperative Phenomena in Correlated Electron Systems ■ Leader – Prof. Tetsuya Takimoto (PhD. Science Univ. of Tokyo, Japan (1997)) ■ Period: Since Jul. 1, 2009 ■ Overview On April 2009, I have joined to APCTP. Our group has been launched on July 2009. In 2010, Dr. Soumya Prasad Mukherjee and Mr. Ki-Hoon Lee have joined to our group. Since October 1st, 2011, Dr. Sudhakar Pandey will join to our group. Furthermore, with the help of several collaborators, I research mainly the following topics of correlated electron systems in the condensed matter physics. (1) Mechanism of unconventional superconductivity in Li2Pt3B A series of noncentrosymmetric system Li2Pd3(1−x)Pt3xB shows superconductivity. Even though the compound has the same crystal structure, the type of superconductivity is different between Li2Pd3B (conventional) and Li2Pt3B (unconventional). In order to clarify the mechanism of superconductivity of Li2Pt3B, we consider the spin fluctuation scenario. The spin fluctuation scenario explains electronic structure and the existence of line node for gap function, except for the temperature independent uniform spin susceptibility in the superconducting state. This research is carried out by collaboration with Dr. S. M. Mukherjee. (2) Eliashberg theory for two dimansional noncentrosymmetric system around ferromagnetic instability After the research of electron correlation of three-dimensional noncentrosymmetric system using pertubation theory, we have developed an Eliashberg theory for two dimensional noncentrosymmetric system around ferromagnetic instability. It is shown that unusual self-energy like antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling term is essential to obtain the self-consistency in the framework. This research is carried out by collaboration with Dr. K.-S. Kim. (3) Spin exitation spectrum in the coexistent state between the antiferromagnetism and dwave superconductivity Since the observation of small Fermi pocket in the underdoped cuprates, the coexistent phase between the antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity attracts the attention in the field of high-Tc cuprates. It is known that similar coexistent phase is shown in some heavy electron systems like CeRhIn5, where both antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity emerge from itinerant electrons. We research the dynamical spin susceptibility in the coexistent phase. This is a collaboration with Dr. H.-J. Lee. (4) Hidden order in URu2Si2 URu2Si2 shows a phase transition to the hidden ordered state in the low temperature, where the order parameter of hidden ordered phase is not clarified yet. APCTP Status Report 2011 74 We regard the order parameter as a multipole moment of f-electron belonging to j=5/2 multiplet, which provides 36 kinds of multipole moments. In order to identify the most reasonable multipole moment as the order parameter of hidden order, we try three different researches given in the following. I) Analysis of torque oscillations in URu2Si2, which is a collaboration with Dr. P. Thalmeier. II) Kondo effects in different multipole ordered states, which is a collaboration with Dr. M. Suzuki. III) Susceptibilities of multipole moments, which is a collaboration with Dr. H. Ikeda. Through these researches, we give a few scenario for the hidden order of URu2Si2. (5) Topological Kondo insulator The topological insulator has been distinguished as a new quantum state recently. The topological insulator shows a surface state crossing the Fermi energy due to the topological requirement, which is protected by the time reversal symmetry. It has been pointed out that Kondo insulators can be classified into topological insulators. For this subject, (1) we suggest a candidate compound SmB6 due to a detail calculation and (2) we analyze the state within the slave-boson mean-field approach. The second part is a collaboration with Dr. Minh-Tien Tran and Dr. Ki-Seok Kim. (6) Electron correlation in topological superconductor Similarly, the topological superconductor like the chiral p-wave one also shows zero-energy mode as Majorana fermion. Except for the chiral p-wave superconductor, the 3He-B phase is another example of topological superconductors. We study electron correlations in the topological superconductor, based on the strong-coupling theory for superconductivity in a spin-fermion model. This is a collaboration with Mr. Ki-Hoon Lee. Other science activities are in the following. Before I received an appointment from Dr. Pandey, I have tried to hire Dr. Goryo as a post-doc. Unfortunately, I failed to get him, because he has finally found a postdoc position in ETH-Zurich. In order to hire another postdoc, I have applied to National Research Fund (NRF) in Korea. However, my research project has not been chosen. I have worked as a co-organizer for the third international workshop on “Quantum Condensation” held at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology during July 4-15, 2011, and I work as a co-organizer for international workshop for young researchers on “Topological Quantum Phenomena” held in Shiga prefecture, Japan, during November 1-5, 2011. This international workshop is planed to come to Pohang in 2013. Further, in order to hold the fourth international workshop on “Quantum Condensation” in Pohang in the next summer, we have applied to “Focus Program” of APCTP. APCTP Status Report 2011 75 ■ Research 1. Mechanism of unconventional superconductivity in Li2Pt3B A series of noncentrosymmetric compound Li2Pd3−3xPt3xB shows superconductivity[1]. Except for superconductivity, no other phase transition is reported. For Li2Pd3B, a Hebel-Slichter peak is observed by the NMR relaxation rate, and the penetration depth shows the exponential decrease of the temperature dependence. Therefore, it is believed that these behaviors are consistent with conventional superconductivity of the usual phonon-mediated mechanism. On the other hand, for Li2Pt3B, the Hebel-Slichter peak disappears, and the temperature dependences of NMR relaxation rate and penetration depth is a power law behavior, which is consistent with superconducting gap function with line nodes[2, 3]. Further, the Knight shift is almost temperature independent even below the superconducting transition temperature. This situation is the same as that of other noncentrosymmetric superconductor CePt3Si, whose unconventional superconductivity will be induced by spin fluctuations[4], except for the absence of the antiferromagnetic phase. We study the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity in Li2Pt3B based on the spin fluctuation mechanism. In the beginning of the research, the electronic structure obtained by the band structure calculation is reproduced within two tight-binding bands splitted by a reasonable antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling. Then, the upper and lower bands have a spherical hole and electron Fermi surfaces around R- and Γ-points, respectively, in addition to a large Fermi surface between these. Especially, the size of Fermi surface around Γ-point of the upper band is close to the other around R-point of the upper band. In the superconducting state of noncentrosymmetric systems, the spin-singlet and spintriplet pairing state can mix each other due to the lack of inversion symmetry. However, it is known that the spin-triplet pairing state is limited to the state whose spin-triplet gap function d(k) is parallel to the antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling. Noting these things, we construct the gap equation for superconductivity, which is described by both the spin-singlet gap function ψ(k) and the spin-triplet gap function d(k) in noncentrosymmetric superconductors. For the actual calculation, we have estimated the pairing potential within the second-order pertubation theory with respect to the on-site Coulomb interaction using the electronic structure obtained above. According to our numerical calculation for the superconducting transition, the superconducting state is dominated by the spin-singlet pairing with tiny spin-triplet component. This solution is obtained by the development of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation connecting Fermi surfaces around R- and Γ-points. Due to the negative sign of the spin-singlet pairing potential APCTP Status Report 2011 76 Vss(q) = −U2[χzz(q) + χxx(q) + χyy(q) − χcc(q)] − U, (1) the gap function around R-point has the opposite sign of the gap function around Γpoint. Therefore, the symmetry of superconductivity is s±-type like iron-pnictide superconductors. In our case, the system has a large Fermi surface in addition to Fermi surfaces around R- and Γ-points. Then, the large Fermi surface has line nodes in the s± superconducting state. The s± superconducting state can explain well experimental data of NMR relaxation rate and penetration depth showing the existence of line nodes. On the other hand, in the spinsinglet dominant superconducting state of noncentrosymmetric systems, the uniform spin susceptibility at zero temperature is suppressed to 2/3 of that in the normal state due to usual intraband contributions. Even in a spin-triplet dominant superconductivity, it seems to be impossible to explain the temperature independent Knight shift in the superconducting state because the direction of the relevant d(k)vector is not fixed. Therefore, we expect that there is other source for the temperature independent susceptibility like the Van-Vleck term from orbital degree of freedom. This research is a collaboration with Dr. S. P. Mukherjee. 2. Eliashberg theory for two dimansional noncentrosymmetric system around ferromagnetic instability The Fermi liquid behavior is a universal property of metallic compounds in the low temperature region[5]. At a low temperature T, relevant electrons are restricted in the phase space within width T from the Fermi level. The Fermi liquid theory tells us that the quasi-particle scatters within the phase space in terms of the Pauli principle to give the lifetime τ , whose inverse behaves like 1/τ ∼ T2 + ω2 in the three dimensional system, where ω is the energy of quasi-particle measured from the Fermi level. According to the adiabatic theorem, the behavior is also expected in the system with rather large electron interaction, unless no phase transition appears. For the system around a magnetic quantum critical point, where the magnetic transition temperature is suppressed to zero temperature, the critical fluctuation is enhanced considerably. Due to the critical fluctuation, many physical quantities like specific heat, resistivity, etc. are affected to show unusual temperature dependences around the quantum critical point. For example, it is expected that the temperature dependence of resistivity becomes T3/2 in the system around the antiferromagnetic quantum critical point[7]. After the research of electron correlation of threedimensional noncentrosymmetric system within the second-order pertubation theory, we have developed a similar theory, the Eliashberg theory, for twodimensional noncentrosymmetric systems around the ferromangeic instability, which will corresponds to the surface state of three-dimensional topological APCTP Status Report 2011 77 insulator[?]. Here, we note that the spin space is restricted to two dimension in this calculation. Then, the selfenergy is decomposed into usual and unusual components. The unusual component becomes important for the self-consistency in this framework. This work is mainly contributed by Dr. Ki-Seok Kim. 3. Spin exitation spectrum in the coexistent state between the antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity Since the discovery of the high temperature superconductivity in cuprates, the extensive and intensive investigation is carried out from both experimental and theoretical approaches. Recently, it has been reported that some small Fermi surface pockets are observed in underdoped high-Tc compounds by the de Haas-van Alphen effect. Due to this fact, the antiferromagnetic transition flashed across naively. Then, the superconducting state of the underdoped compound will be regarded as the coexistent phase between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism. Furthermore, similar coexistence is expected in the heavy fermion superconductor like CeRhIn5. In many d-wave superconductors including high-Tc cuprates, the resonance mode is observed by the inelastic neutron scattering at a frequency less than superconducting gap. On the other hand, in the antiferromagnetic state, it is expected that the antiferromagnetic spin wave becomes a Goldstone-mode by breaking the continuous symmetry. Considering these, both collective modes will appear in the coexistent phase. We research the spectrum of spin fluctuation in the coexistent phase, based on a model including two mean-field terms of antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. Considering the equations of motion of the Green function and the anomalous Green functions, the closed meanfield equations are obtained. For the coexistent state, we have to consider not only anomalous Green functions for the antiferromagnetism and superconductivity, but also an additional anomalous Green function corresponding to the π-triplet component. The π-triplet component is an induced order parameter by the antiferromagnetic order breaking the translational symmetry in the superconducting state. According to the group theoretical consideration, we understand that the π-triplet component is a fermion-pair keeping the antisymmetry in the sublattice space. Using these Green functions, the spin excitation spectrum is calculated within RPA. After we have checked spin excitation spectrum in the antiferromagnetic phase and the d-wave superconducting phase, we proceed to study spectrum in the coexistent phase. In the coexistent phase, the spin excitation spectrum should be distinguished between longitudinal and transversal components like the antiferromagnetic state. According to the numerical calculation, the antiferromagnetic spin wave appears as a Goldstone mode guaranteed by APCTP Status Report 2011 78 breaking the continuous symmetry in the transversal mode. However, there is no signature of resonance mode in the transversal component. On the other hand, only resonance mode appears in the longitudinal component. Therefore, due to the unpolarized (usual) inelastic neutron scattering experiment, two sharp peaks led by the spin wave mode of the transversal component and the resonance mode of the longitudinal component should be observed, because the spectrum is averaged over the spin space for this measurement. However, the resonance mode can appear in the longitudinal component only. These different spectra between averaged and transversal ones are a feature of the coexistent phase in the Hubbard type system. The research is a collaboration with Dr. H.-J. Lee belonging to KIAS. 4. Hidden order in URu2Si2 It is known that URu2Si2 shows a second-order transition at T = To = 17.5 K in the ambient pressure, where the order is called as “hidden order”, because the order parameter is not clarified yet. Increasing the pressure, To increases monotonously, and the compound shows a transition from the hidden order phase to the antiferromagnetic phase. The type of this transition is regarded as a first-order one under the observation of staggered magnetic moment in the high pressure phase. In the series of research, we regard the order parameter of hidden order as a multipole moment of f-electron state belonging to j=5/2 multiplet. Using the Wigner-Eckart theorem, we can define multipole moments up to rank 5, based on the j-j coupling scheme. These multipole moments are classified according to representations of the point group. In order to get a reasonable candidate of the order parameter, we consider following three researches from different viewpoints. 4.1 Analysis of torque oscillations in URu2Si2 Recently, the torque oscillation experiment has been carried out by Prof. Y. Matsuda’s group[8]. According to their experiment, the tetragonal system URu2Si2 losts the 4-fold symmetry, which is measured through the uniform spin susceptibility tensor. We have analyzed the torque experiment regarding the order parameter of the hidden order as a multipole[9]. Using the classification of multipole moments to representations of the tetragonal point group, we can calculate the spin susceptibility tensor based on the Ginzbung-Landau theory. We apply this method only to multipole moments which don’t break the time reversal symmetry. We calculate uniform spin susceptibility tensors in the ferro- and antiferro-type order for all representations (four one-dimensional representations and one twodimensional representation). As the result, the antiferro-type quadrupole order of Oyz(Ozx) can explain the experimental behavior. This is the collabolation with Dr. P. APCTP Status Report 2011 79 Thalmeier belonging to Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids. 4.2 Kondo effects in different multipole ordered states In URu2Si2, the specific heat decreases from C/T ∼ 180 mJ/K2mol at T ∼ To to ∼ 60 mJ/K2mol at T ∼2 K due to a partial gap opening. From the specific heat below To, it is considered that a heavy fermion state is formed even in the hidden ordered phase. Then, it will be worthwile to compare the Kondo effects in possible multipole ordered phase. We consider the Kondo effect based on an Anderson impurity model with orbital-degenerate conduction electrons. We apply the slaveboson mean-field theory to the model. After the simple approach, we plan to apply DMFT to an orbital degenerate Anderson model to construct a complete picture. This is a collaboration with Dr. M. Suzuki belonging to Japan Atomic Energy Agency. 4.3 Susceptibilities of multipole moments In order to confirm the suitable multipole moment, we calculate directly static susceptibilities of possible multipole moments within RPA using a actual electron band structure. At first, this method can reproduce the antiferromagnetic order in high pressure region, because the ordering wave vector and the direction of magnetic moments are consistent with experimental data. In this research, our favorable order parameter of the hidden order is a dotriacontapole moment (rank 5) belonging to a two-dimensional representation with the odd time reversal parity. The trigger of this order is a nesting, connected by the same ordering wave vector as the antiferromagnetic order, between two Fermi surfaces, whose electronic states are dominated by jz = ±5/2 and ∓3/2, respectively. This is the reason why the order of rank 5 is obtained, because such a particle-hole exitation can not be explained by multipoles up to rank 3. Since these order parameters belong to a representation different from that suggested in 4.1, I plan to extend the theory of 4.1 to the case of order parameter “breaking” the time reversal symmetry. We plan to research the superconducting transition induced by multipole fluctuations in the hidden ordered phase. This research is a collaboration with Dr. H. Ikeda belonging to Kyoto University, especially. 5. Topological Kondo insulator Three dimensional topological insulators represent a new quantum state. They have been originally proposed on theoretical approach [10, 11, 12, 13, 14], but where subsequently found experimentally, by the angle resolved photoemmision spectroscopy (ARPES), e.g., in Bi1−xSbx and Bi2−xYxX3 with X=Se and Y=Ca as well as X=Te and Y=Sn[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. Characteristic features are metallic surface APCTP Status Report 2011 80 states with an odd number of Dirac points, which are protected by the time reversal symmetry. Furthermore, it was also suggested that so-called Kondo insulators could become topological insulators. This was done by making use of a simple periodic Anderson model[20]. Recently we predict based on detailed calculations that SmB6 should indeed be a strong topological insulator. The distinction to the above mentioned systems are dealing here with a stoichiometric compound. Our prediction is based on the computation of the topological index and of the spectrum of surface states. Parallel to this work, we have also researched the topological phase transition applying the slave-boson mean-field approach to a simprified model. Increasing the hybridization strength, the Fermi liquid phase changes to a weak topological insulator, then to a strong topological insulator, finally to a Kondo insulator. The second part is a collaboration with Dr. Minh-Tien Tran and Dr. Ki-Seok Kim. 6. Electron correlation in topological superconductor The topological superconductor is an analogue of the topological insulator among superconductors. Similarly as the surface state of topological insulator, the topological superconductor shows zero-energy modes on the boundary. Due to the particle-hole symmetry of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian, the zero energy mode becomes a Majorana fermion. Recently, many researchers investigate the way to detect the Majorana fermion. The actual example of topological superconductor are the chiral p-wave superconductor and 3He-B phase (spin-triplet state). We research the electron correlation in the surface state of 3He-B phase. We describe the 3He-B phase by a spin-triplet superconductivity with a reasonable d-vector, which is induced by ferromagnetic spin fluctuation of a spin-fermion model. We have examined an Eliashberg equation with the spin fluctuation for 3He-B phase. In this scheme, the spin fluctuation is affected by breaking the parity symmetry due to the spin-triplet order parameter. In the p-wave superconducting state, the spin fluctuation can be decomposed into the usual and symmetric components only. Since the antisymmetric components still vanish, the spin-singlet pairing cannot be induced. Further, the self-energy components like the antisymmetric spinorbit coupling can be induced in principle. According to the examination of the Eliashberg equation, such self-energy components appear in the case that the particle Green function has a pole with zero energy. The zero energy mode will be allowed for states along the nodal line of superconducting gap and for surface states of topological superconductor. We will carry out numerical calculation for further research. This research is a collaboration with Mr. Ki-Hoon Lee. APCTP Status Report 2011 81 ■ Members Name Title Nationality Period Tetsuya TAKIMOTO Leader/Prof. Japan Jul.1, 2009-Jun.30, 2014 Soumya Prasad MUKHERJEE Dr. India Jun. 15, 2010-Feb. 28, 2012 Sudhakar Pandey Dr. India Oct. 15, 2011-Feb. 15, 2012 Ki Hoon LEE Mr. Korea Nov. 1, 2010-Oct. 31, 2011 APCTP Status Report 2011 82 2-4. Ultracold Atom Gases ■ Leader – Prof. Gentaro Watanabe (PhD. Univ. of Tokyo, Japan (2003)) ■ Period: Since May 1, 2010 ■ Overview The main research area of our group is theoretical cold atom physics. Cold atom gases are novel systems with high flexibility and high controllability: various system parameters can be manipulated dynamically as well as statically. We are especially interested in controlling quantum many-body states of cold atom gases and their applications, what we call "quantum state engineering". ■ Outlook In 2012, we are going to keep investing our main efforts on the study of the quantum state engineering and of ultracold Fermi gases in the BCS-BEC crossover. Regarding the former topic, we would like to further pursue the dissipation-driven quantum state engineering. Theoretical proposal of the physical implementation of our squeezing jump operator, non-equilibrium phase transition due to the interplay between the unitary and dissipative dynamics, etc. should be the next interesting problems to be tackled. In addition to the dissipation-driven quantum state engineering, we are also interested in developing a new cooling (entropy reduction) scheme for optical lattice systems; this topic is crucially important in the current status of the quantum state engineering using cold atom gases. We are thinking of working on this direction in coming years. Regarding the topic of the cold Fermi gases, we have finished on project with Dr. Sukjin Yoon and are now starting a new project with him. We are thinking of several problems: viscosity in unitary Fermi gases, vortex reconnection in the Fermi superfluid in the BCS-BEC crossover, and junction between BCS domain and BEC domain by spatially changing the external field, etc. There was a substantial growth in our scientific activity in 2011, especially after Dr. Sukjin Yoon joined our group, compared to the year 2010. In 2012, we would like to keep and stabilize our scientific activity at a sustainable level. Concretely, we are going to invite external researchers (both collaborators and noncollaborators) for a seminar and a discussion once per month or two months on average; we actually feel that communicating external researchers gives a good stimulus to our research group. Another large scientific activity in 2011 was organizing a summer school. Fortunately, this school was very successful and we saw that people's interest in cold atom physics was potentially very high in Korea even though there were only a few research groups in this country at this moment. We do not have a specific plan to organize a meeting in 2012, but a small size workshop would be one possibility. We may recruit a new post-doctoral researcher in 2012. is Dr. R. C. F. Caballar at University of Philippines. APCTP Status Report 2011 One possible candidate 83 ■ Research Our research activity of this year 2011 lies in mainly two topics. The first topic is the study of superfluid Fermi gases in periodic potentials in the crossover between the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) states. Here, we aim at finding various novel effects of periodic potentials on superfluid Fermi gases. We also expect that findings in this project would provide some hint to the physics of neutron stars. In this project, we have found that a loop structure called “swallowtail” emerges in the energy band due to an interplay between effects of the periodic potential and the nonlinearity by the pairing field (Sect. IIA1). We have also found a profound dip of the incompressibility near the critical value of the interaction strength for emergence of the swallowtail in the BCS side. Interestingly, the emergence of the swallowtail and the dip of the incompressibility can be explained as a consequence of the fact that the chemical potential touches the top of the narrow band in the quasiparticle spectrum. Another problem which we have studied in this project is the critical velocity of the superfluid Fermi gases. Here, we have found that the periodic potentials induce the formation of bound molecules even in the BCS regime and this affects the critical velocity of energetic instability due to pair-breaking excitations (Sect. IIA2). The second topic is the quantum state engineering using dissipation. In usual situations, dissipation is considered to be an enemy to the quantum coherence, but it has been pointed out that an appropriately designed coupling between the system and the reservoir can drive the system into a given pure state. This somewhat counter-intuitive fact suggests the attractive possibility of the dissipation-driven quantum state engineering using cold atom gases. In this project, we have developed a method for phase- and number-squeezing in two-mode Bose systems using dissipation (Sect. II B). Our method leads to a pure squeezed state in the steady state of the dynamics irrespective of the initial state. Application of our method to an optical lattice system gives control of the phase boundaries of the steady-state phase diagram, and we have discovered a new phase characterized by a non-zero condensate fraction and thermal-like particle number statistics. A. Superfluid Fermi gases in optical lattices Ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a new frontier of research where many remarkable phenomena can be observed and investigated. By using Feshbach resonances one can tune the interaction between atoms and investigate the crossover between the BCS state and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), passing through a resonant regime where the scattering length as is very large and the system exhibits universal properties (unitary regime). Here, “universal” means that APCTP Status Report 2011 84 the properties of the system does not depend on details of interparticle potential. Therefore, study of unitary Fermi gases is also useful for other systems, such as neutron gases in inner crusts of neutron stars, where the neutron-neutron scattering length is much larger than the interparticle separation » k−1 F . Our final aim thus includes learning neutron star crusts by simulating neutron star matter using cold atom gases as well as understanding the cold atom gas systems themselves. 1. Swallowtail band structure in an optical lattice [1] (in collaboration with Prof. Dalfovo) Interplay between the non-linearity and the periodic potential is one of the important issues of the ultracold atom gases in optical lattices. For Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in optical lattices, it has been pointed out that the interaction can change the band structure drastically such that the loop structure called “swallowtail” appears in the energy band of the superfluid flow [2, 3]. The emergence of the swallowtails in BECs is due to the competition between the external periodic potential and the nonlinear interaction term in the GrossPitaevskii (GP) equation. The former favors a band structure of a sinusoidal form while the latter tends to make the density smoother and the energy band quadratic. When nonlinearity wins, swallowtail energy loop appears. Swallowtails have a large impact on transport properties. A direct consequence is a breakdown of Bloch oscillations. Since Bloch oscillations have various important applications, such as precision measurements of forces and controlling the motion of a wave packets, a better understanding the swallowtail is also useful in these contexts. The problem of the swallowtail band structure can be even more important in Fermi superfluids, due to the possible implications in superconducting electrons in solids and superfluid neutrons in neutron stars, especially those in nuclear “pasta” phases (see, e.g., Section IIC and our recent review article [12]) in neutron star crusts. However, unlike the Bose case, little has been studied in this problem so far and a fundamental question whether or not the swallowtail exists along the crossover from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to BEC states is still open. To solve this problem, we study the band structure of Fermi superfluids flowing in a periodic potential. We consider a two-component unpolarized dilute Fermi gas made of atoms of mass m interacting with s-wave scattering length as and subject to a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice of the form Vext(r) = sER sin2 qBz ´ V0 sin2 qBz. Here, V0 ´ sER is the lattice height, s is the lattice intensity in dimensionless units, ER = ¯h2q2B/2m is the recoil energy, qB = π/d is the Bragg wave vector and d is the lattice constant. The supercurrent is in the z-direction with quasimomentum P. For the aim of the present study, a suitable approach superfluids, due to the possible implications in APCTP Status Report 2011 85 superconducting electrons in solids and superfluid neutrons in neutron stars, especially those in nuclear “pasta” phases (see, e.g., Section IIC and our recent review article [12]) in neutron star crusts. However, unlike the Bose case, little has been studied in this problem so far and a fundamental question whether or not the swallowtail exists along the crossover from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to BEC states is still open. To solve this problem, we study the band structure of Fermi superfluids flowing in a periodic potential. We consider a two-component unpolarized dilute Fermi gas made of atoms of mass m interacting with s-wave scattering length as and subject to a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice of the form Vext(r) = sER sin2 qBz ´ V0 sin2 qBz. Here, V0 ´ sER is the lattice height, s is the lattice intensity in dimensionless units, ER = ¯h2q2B /2m is the recoil energy, qB = π/d is the Bragg wave vector and d is the lattice constant. The supercurrent is in the z-direction with quasimomentum P. For the aim of the present study, a suitable approach is a numerical simulation based on the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations (for the continuum system). Neither hydrodynamic theory nor tight-binding model is appropriate since they cannot describe the swallowtails correctly along the BCS-BEC crossover: the former always yields the dispersion of the quadratic form without termination and the latter gives the sinusoidal band. In the present work, using the numerical simulation of the BdG equations, we have shown that swallowtails exist in a superfluid Fermi gas in an optical lattice when the interaction strength is sufficiently large [Fig. 1(a)] and their width is maximum near unitarity [Fig. 1(b)]. In neither the BCS nor the BEC limit, does a swallowtail exist because the system is weakly interacting and the band structure is sinusoidal. When approaching unitarity from either side, the interaction energy increases and can dominate over the periodic potential, which means that the system behaves more like a translationally invariant superfluid. And the band structure follows a quadratic dispersion terminating at a maximum P larger than the Brillouin zone boundary. More interestingly, we have found that along with the appearance of the swallowtail in the BCS side, there exists a narrow band in the quasiparticle energy spectrum close to the chemical potential μ (the left panel of Fig. 2) and the incompressibility κ−1 ´ n∂μ/∂n of the Fermi gas consequently experiences a profound dip (the right panel of Fig. 2), unlike in the BEC side. Indeed, the emergence of the swallowtail and the dip of the incompressibility APCTP Status Report 2011 86 can be explained as a consequence of the fact that the chemical potential touches the top of the narrow band in the quasiparticle spectrum, where the density of states is large (see the dotted ellipse in the right panel of Fig. 2). 2. Critical velocity in the BCS-BEC crossover [4] (in collaboration with Profs. Dalfovo, Pitaevskii, and Stringari) The critical velocity of superflow due to energetic instability is one of the most important properties of superfluids, which has been pioneered by Landau. If the velocity of superflow exceeds some critical value, the kinetic energy of the superfluid can be dissipated by creating excitations. In uniform superfluid Fermi gases in the BCS-BEC crossover, excitations which cause the energetic instability are of two types: fermionic pair-breaking excitations in the BCS regime and long-wavelength phonon excitations in the BEC regime. In the unitary regime both mechanisms are suppressed and the critical velocity shows a maximum value. Recently, effects of periodic potentials on the critical velocity of Fermi superfluids has been studied experimentally [5]. This experiment has stimulated theoretical investigations of this APCTP Status Report 2011 87 problem; however, most of them focused on the BCS regime in tight-binding approximation. In such a situation, to obtain an understanding of the critical velocity from a unified point of view, we study the all regions along the BCS-BEC crossover and both the strong and weak lattice regime [4, 6] using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations. For this aim, we need to use a theoretical framework which can account for the formation of bound molecules induced by the periodic potential, which is important when the lattice height is larger than the Fermi energy; the same formalism must also account for pair-tunneling processes, which are important on the BEC side of the resonance [7]. A suitable approach consists of the numerical solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations. In Ref. [4], same as in Section IIA1, we have considered a 3D superfluid Fermi gas flowing (the flow is in the z-direction) in a onedimensional (1D) periodic potential Vext produced by an optical lattice: Vext(z) = sER sin2 qBz. In this work, we have found that, when the recoil energy ER is comparable to the Fermi energy, energetic instability due to fermionic pair-breaking excitations can be less effective as a consequence of the periodic structure of the quasiparticle energy spectrum [see 1/kFas = ¡0.5 in Fig. 3(b)]. When the lattice height is much larger than the Fermi energy, pair-breaking excitations are prevented because the lattice potential gives a stronger attraction between paired atoms, eventually forming bound bosonic molecule. We have also found that, when the recoil energy is comparable to or larger APCTP Status Report 2011 88 than the Fermi energy, the critical velocity due to the long wavelength phonon excitations is drastically reduced by the lattice in the BCS regime leading to its nonmonotonic behavior along the BCS-BEC crossover [see the open circles in Fig. 3(a) and 3(b)]. B. Quantum state engineering using dissipation — dissipation-induced squeezing [8, 9] (in collaboration with Dr. M¨akel¨a and Prof. Diehl) In usual situations, dissipation, caused by the coupling to the environment, is considered to be a serious enemy to quantum mechanical systems as it leads to a rapid decay of the coherence. Surprisingly, however, an appropriately designed coupling between the system and the reservoir can drive the system into a given pure state [10, 11]. This type of quantum state engineering, driven by dissipation, has attracted considerable recent interest both theoretically and experimentally. A strong advantage of this approach is that the desired steady state is obtained without active control of the system. This should be contrasted with the standard approach in quantum state engineering where dynamical control of the system is required. Another advantage is that the target state can be obtained regardless of the initial state, making the state engineering protocol insensitive to imperfections in the initial state preparation. Creating squeezed states is a key issue in interferometry as it allows the improvement of precision measurements beyond the conventional bound attainable by classical means. Phase-squeezed states improve the accuracy of the readout of the phase APCTP Status Report 2011 89 difference and number-squeezed states make possible longer measurement times. During recent years, cold atomic gases have proven to be a particularly promising system to perform interferometry. Thus creating squeezed states in cold atom gases would have a large impact to many problems in physics due to, e.g., the possible application for precise measurements of force fields. Motivated by a potential of the dissipation-driven quantum state engineering and the importance of the squeezed states in matter-wave interferometry, we have developed a method for phase- and number-squeezing using dissipation [8]. Our method can be applied to any two-state Bose system, such as the one described by the two-site Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. This Hamiltonian is often used to describe cold Bose gases trapped in a double-well potential, which is a typical setup for the matter-wave interferometry. Our method consists of dissipative dynamics such that the time evolution of the density operator ˆρ is governed by the master equation with the following jump operator (hereafter we call the “squeezing jump operator”): Here, ˆai (ˆa†i ) annihilates (creates) an atom in mode i, ² (¡1 < ² < 1) is a parameter by which we can control the squeezing, and γ is the dissipation rate. We have shown that, starting from any initial condition, our method leads to a pure squeezed state in the resulting steady state whose amount of squeezing is fixed by the value of ² [8]. Additionally, we consider the application of our squeezing jump operator (2) to cold Bose gases in an optical lattice [8]. Here, there is a competition of unitary and dissipative APCTP Status Report 2011 90 dynamics: the on-site interaction term in the Hamiltonian has the Fock states as the steady states, while the dissipative term drives the system towards the state close to the coherent state. This competition leads to a non-equilibrium phase transition. We have found that the extension of our formalism to an optical lattice gives control of the phase boundaries between the condensed and non-condensed thermal states in the steady-state phase diagram (see Fig. 4). Besides the conventional condensed and noncondensed thermal states, we have discovered a new phase, so to speak, “thermal condensed” state characterized by a non-zero condensate fraction (non-zero offdiagonal elements of the density matrix) and thermal-like particle number statistics (see Fig. 5). Currently, in collaboration with Prof. Diehl, we are studying the physical implementation of our squeezing jump operator [9]. There, we consider a Bose gas in two narrow wells embedded in a wide harmonic potential. This system is immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a different species of bosonic atoms, which works as a reservoir of Bogoliubov excitations. Each narrow well holds either the state φ1 or φ2, corresponding to ˆa1 and ˆa2. These states are Raman coupled to an even parity state φe and an odd parity one φo in the wide harmonic potential. Atoms excited to φe and φo decay into φ1 and φ2 by emitting Bogoliubov excitations in the background APCTP Status Report 2011 91 Bose-Einstein condensate. This process yields the dissipative dynamics described by the master equation. C. Review article on nuclear “pasta” [12] (in collaboration with Dr. Maruyama) In terrestrial matter, atomic nuclei are roughly spherical. However, this common wisdom does not necessarily hold for matter in supernovae and neutron stars. There, density of matter is very high and can reach the value inside the atomic nuclei themselves, i.e., the normal nuclear density ρ0 ' 0.165 nucleons fm−3 corresponding to ' 3£1014 g cm−3. It has been expected that, in such a high-density environment, nuclei will adopt various shapes such as spaghetti-like rods and lasagna-like slabs, etc. [13, 14] (see Fig. 6). These nonspherical nuclei are collectively called nuclear “pasta” and the phases with these nuclei as “pasta” phases. After these pioneering works, existence of the pasta phases has been examined by many researchers using various nuclear models. However, all of these studies are based on the static framework and focus only on the equilibrium state, mainly the ground state. Thus, a fundamental problem whether or not the pasta phases are actually formed in young neutro stars in the cooling process and supernova cores in the stage of the gravitational collaps was unclear. In this situation since 2002, we have been studying the above question using a molecular dynamics method for nucleon many-body systems called the Quantum Molecula Dynamics (QMD) and have unveiled the formation process of the pasta phases recently [16–21]. These achievements are recognized in the community of the nuclear astrophysics and we were invited to contribute a chapter in a APCTP Status Report 2011 92 book “Neutron Star Crust” edited by Professors C. A. Bertulani and J. Piekarewicz. In our chapter, “Nuclear pasta in supernovae and neutron stars”, we review a series of our studies about the pasta phases using QMD for a wide spectrum of researchers [12]. There, we also provide the astrophysical background of supernovae and neutron stars and overview the history of the study of the pasta phases. D. Possible future projects Recently, there has been much interest in the dynamical properties of the ultracold atomic systems. One ongoing problem in this field is to find transport coefficients like viscosity and spin diffusivity in the ultracold atomic systems. Since the proposed minimum bound (¯h/4πkB) for the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density from AdS/CFT formalism [22], people have sought the near-perfect quantum fluid. One coldest candidate system is the ultracold atomic Fermi gases at the strongly interacting unitary regime (in the hottest side, there is quark-gluon plasma in RHIC). Since the quasi-particle picture breaks down at the strongly interacting system, the approach using Boltzmann’s kinetic theory is not reliable. In this case, the most reliable method available is calculating the viscosity from the current-current correlation function in the lattice even though there are several technical difficulties. Another interesting problem is to studying the quantum turbulence in the BCS side of the ultracold Fermi gas. Even though the quantum turbulence is initiated by the Kelvin waves (helical displacements of vortex filaments) via vortex reconnections, the mechanism of quantum dissipation in the BCS side is somewhat different; the quasi-particle bound states in the vortex core are responsible for it in the BCS case while the acoustic phonons play a role in the BEC case. Vortex reconnection has been studied in BEC side [23] and there are some efforts in the Fermi gas at unitarity. Probably, we might investigate the vortex reconnection problem in the BCS side of the ultracold Fermi gas to understand the quantum dissipation better. [ Section II.A.1: Swallowtail band structure in an optical lattice ] [1] G. Watanabe, S. Yoon, and F. Dalfovo, arXiv:1108.0042 [cond-mat.quant-gas]. [2] B. Wu, R. B. Diener, and Q. Niu, Phys. Rev. A 65, 025601 (2002). [3] D. Diakonov, L. M. Jensen, C. J. Pethick, and H. Smith, Phys. Rev. A 66, 013604 (2002). [ Section II.A.2: Critical velocity in the BCS-BEC crossover ] [4] G. Watanabe, F. Dalfovo, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033621 (2011). [5] D. E. Miller, J. K. Chin, C. A. Stan, Y. Liu, W. Setiawan, C. Sanner, and W. Ketterle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 070402 (2007). [6] G. Watanabe, F. Dalfovo, F. Piazza, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 80, 053602 (2009). APCTP Status Report 2011 93 [7] G. Watanabe, G. Orso, F. Dalfovo, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 78, 063619 (2008). [Section II.B: Quantum state engineering using dissipation — dissipation-induced squeezing ] [8] G. Watanabe and H. M¨akel¨a, arXiv.1101.4845 [cond-mat.quant-gas]. [9] G. Watanabe, S. Diehl, and H. M¨akel¨a, to be published. [10] S. Diehl, A. Micheli, A. Kantian, B. Kraus, H. P. B¨uchler, and P. Zoller, Nature Phys. 4, 878 (2008). [11] B. Kraus, H. P. B¨uchler, S. Diehl, A. Kantian, A. Micheli, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 78, 042307 (2008). [ Section II.C: Review article on nuclear “pasta” ] [12] G. Watanabe and T. Maruyama, to appear in “Neutron Star Crust”, eds. C. A. Bertulani and J. Piekarewicz, arXiv:1109.3511 [nucl-th]. [13] D. G. Ravenhall, C. J. Pethick, and J. R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 2066 (1983). [14] M. Hashimoto, H. Seki, and M. Yamada, Prog. Theor. Phys. 71, 320 (1984). [15] K. Oyamatsu, Nucl. Phys. A561, 431 (1993). [16] G. Watanabe, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 66, 012801(R) (2002). [17] G. Watanabe, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 68, 035806 (2003). [18] G. Watanabe, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 69, 055805 (2004). [19] G. Watanabe, T. Maruyama, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 031101 (2005). [20] H. Sonoda, G. Watanabe, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 77, 035806 (2008). [21] G. Watanabe, H. Sonoda, T. Maruyama, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 121101 (2009). [ Section II.D: Possible future projects ] [22] D. T. Son and A. O. Starinets, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57, 95 (2007). [23] J. Koplik and H. Levine, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1375 (1993). ■ Member Name Title Nationality Period Gentaro WATANABE Leader/Prof. Japan May 1, 2010-Apr. 30, 2015 Sukjin Yoon Dr. Korea Mar. 31, 2011-Feb. 28, 2013 APCTP Status Report 2011 94 2-5. Loop Quantum Gravity and the Small Scale Structure of Space-time ■ Leader – Prof. Hanno Sahlmann (PhD. Max Planck Inst. for Gravitational Physics & Potsdam Univ., Germany (2002)) ■ Period: Since Oct. 22, 2010 ■ Overview My published research results achieved during the time covered by this report mainly come from three areas: a. Entropic gravity, b. Quantum Chern-Simons theory and the description of quantum black holes, c. Applications of the no-boundary wave-function For entropic gravity1, I have continued to explore the consequences, that providing a more detailed description of the microstates have on the picture at large scales. In particular, I have considered “atoms of area” that have a bounded energy spectrum [5]2.The motivation behind this is that since the atoms of area have finite dimensional state spaces in many models accounting for black hole entropy and their energy must hence be bounded. It turns out that there are drastic deviations from Newton’s law in the strong field regime for such systems. In particular, there is a minimal radius, and at that radius the gravitational acceleration diverges. It is tempting to identify this radius with the Schwarzschild radius, but it turns out that the minmal radius scales with the geometric mean of Schwarzschild radius and Compton radius of the atoms, . This shows that to reproduce Newtons law, the atoms have to be able to store enough energy individually, thus giving some insight into the microphysics necessary to make the entropic gravity scenario viable. Quantum Chern-Simons theory is of great interest in mathematics (because of its links to knot theory, topology and quantum groups), as well as in physics (because, for suitable structure groups, it is three dimensional quantum gravity). Together with T. Thiemann, I was able to show how one can apply the mathematical formalism used in loop quantum gravity to calculate Chern-Simons expectation values for compact structure groups in a completely novel way [6], which may give interesting mathematical insights. This finding was at first a big surprise, as it shows that quantum group structures are hidden in the quantum kinematics of loop quantum 1 See for example: T. Jacobson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1260 (1995), T. Padmanabhan, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 17, 1147 (2002), E. P. Verlinde, arXiv:1001.0785 [hep-th] 2 Bracketed numbers here and in the following refer to my publication list which is contained in the next section. APCTP Status Report 2011 95 gravity (LQG), but by now I think I may understand the physical reasons behind it: It was long known that Chern-Simons theory was needed for the description of black hole horizons in LQG, from an effective description in which the space-times that were quantized contained a horizon already classically.3 In my work [4] I have been able to specify a quantum horizon condition which describes the horizon of a black hole entirely from within the quantum theory. Using the new results, I was still able to show from this quantum condition that certain degrees of freedom are described by a Chern-Simons theory. Crucially, the structure group turns out to be ISU(2), not SU(2) as previously thought. This means that the horizon theory is simply Euclidean 3d gravity, clarifying the geometric picture in the quantum theory. Moreover, the result opens a new perspective: the dynamics of the horizon - and perhaps even the production of Hawking radiation - can now be studied in quantum theory. The no-boundary (or Hartle-Hawking) wave function4 is a proposed ground state for canonical quantum gravity defined by a path integral over Euclidean geometries. Together with and D. Hwang D. Yeom, I have studied this wave function for scalar tensor gravity [3]. The motivation for this was that this setup enables one to calculate a priori probabilities for cosmological constant and gravitational coupling constant. Key for our work was to calculate a good approximation for the wave function. We used complex stationary points (“fuzzy instantons”) and numerical methods. We were able to show that, contrary to previous beliefs, the probabilities do not depend so much on the effective cosmological constant and gravitational coupling, but on some other aspects of the potential for the gravitational scalar. In particular, this means that vanishing cosmological constant is not infinitely preferred, and this could also partially fix the dilaton stabilization problem, which occurs in scalar tensor theories derived from string theory. 3 See for example A. Ashtekar, J. Baez, A. Corichi and K. Krasnov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 904 (1998) 4 J. B. Hartle and S. W. Hawking, Phys. Rev. D 28, 2960 (1983) APCTP Status Report 2011 96 ■ Research highlight A. Chern-Simons theory and quantum black holes At the heart of these developments [4,6] is the discovery that we can compute the expectation values of holonomies in Chern-Simons theory with compact semisimple structure group using the mathematical formalism of LQG completely from scratch. For example we obtained those for Hopf links (see figure) with arbitrary representations in SU(2) Chern-Simons theory, with the quantum integer for . These numbers are at a nexus of many important concepts in mathematics and theoretical physics: First off, as generalization of the Jones polynomial, they are link invariants. Witten showed5 that such expectation values are related to 2d conformal field theory: The numbers above are, up to normalization, the Verlinde coefficients6 of the SU(2)k WZW model. At the same time, they are given by the trace of the Figure 1: The Hopf link used in the square of the R-matrix of the quantum group . Thus it is remarkable that we text, together with a surface with Uq(su(2)) on can now calculate them in a framework related to the quantization of 4d gravity, and ours is the only quantum field theoretical calculation of such quantities that does not use conformal QFT, as far as I know. How do these numbers show up in LQG? It turns out they are related to the spectrum of certain exponentiated flux operators. LQG is a canonical quantization program, and one of the variables, E is a densitized triad in the adjoint representation of SU(2).7 Usually, its flux through a surface S, given by boundary being one of the loops is used in the quantum theory, but we instead consider something like an exponentiated flux, 5 E. Witten, Commun. Math. Phys. 121, 351 (1989). 6 E. P. Verlinde, Nucl. Phys. B 300, 360 (1988) 7 For an overview see for example A. Ashtekar, J. Lewandowski, Class. Quant. Grav. 21, R53 (2004) APCTP Status Report 2011 97 Here, K is an integration kernel that takes care of the surface ordering. The holonomies hs connect the point s on the surface with a base point on the boundary of S via a system of paths in the surface, as in the non-Abelian Stokes theorem. It is a mildly puzzling fact is that in LQG the components of E do not commute in the quantum theory. But in the present context, this is vital: The above definition needs an ordering prescription, and we use the Duflo isomorphism, an object from the theory of Lie algebras, to give this ordering. Then it turns out that is a matrix with non-commuting entries that nevertheless resembles an SU(2) element. We calculated the spectrum of traces in SU(2) representations, and this is given by . How to get the Chern-Simons expectation values? The operators corresponding to E act like functional derivatives with respect to a connection, and when acting on the CS action, they give curvature. Curvature can be integrated to give holonomy via the non-abelian Stokes theorem. Thus holonomies can be replaced by the operators which are well defined in the LQG Hilbert space. A short calculation then relates spectral values and the holonomy expectation values. These results have some physical and mathematical ramifications. As for the physics, one of the conditions for a surface being a particular type of black hole horizon reads8 , where the arrow stands for pullback to the horizon surface. Therefore, using the new operators obtained above, we can ask for as an equation for quantum states containing such a horizon. Here S is a surface contained entirely in the horizon. I was able to show that this quantum horizon condition has solutions, and the solution spaces on the horizon have the structure of quantum ISU(2) Chern-Simons theory with particles, which is widely thought to be equivalent to 3d Euclidean gravity with point particle matter (see figure). This is very encouraging, as the emerging horizon theory then has a clear-cut geometric interpretation. It is in contrast to earlier treatments, where SU(2) Chern-Simons theory was put in by hand before quantization, and had no obvious geometric interpretation. 8 J. Engle, A. Perez and K. Noui, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 031302 (2010) APCTP Status Report 2011 98 Figure 2: A gravitational excitation runs into a spatial horizon slice H and endows it with area and non-trivial holonomy via the quantum horizon condition.. The intersection looks to the CS theory like a particle As for mathematical ramifications, these results hint at a deep connection between the Duflo isomorphism and the theory of quantum groups. The connecting link may be Kirillov’s orbit method9, which exhibits a link between irreducible representations of Liegroups and their co-adjoint orbits, as the quantization of the field E in LQG can be understood in these terms. But altogether, we are still not understanding this well, and are investigating further. B. No-boundary wave function for scalar-tensor gravity One of the big challenges of contemporary physics is to obtain a working theory of quantum gravity. But even with such a theory in hand there could presumably remain questions of why the initial conditions of the gravitational field, or even it’s Figure 3: Typical shape of potential for the coupling strength or other constants of nature, were what they were. It is therefore interesting to look for ways in which such initial conditions can be specified in a natural way. With this in mind D. Hwang, D, Yeom, and I have studied quantum scalar-tensor theory [3]. In this generalization of Einstein’s theory, gravitational coupling and cosmological constant can be dynamical: With a non-trivial potential, one can typically find solutions of the classical equations in which the scalar φ carries out small oscillations around a minimum in the potential. Such a minimum can then be thought of as determining a pair of effective constants G,Λ. Scalar tensor theory can be obtained from string theory upon introduction of the gravitational scalar dilaton field. The dilaton field is then related to coupling parameters of all interactions 9 A. A.Kirillov, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 36: 433–488 (1999) APCTP Status Report 2011 99 in string theory, and questions about the value of the gravitational coupling strength are thus connected to the dilaton stabilization problem, which has currently no commonly accepted answer. Upon quantization of the theory, each quantum state gives probabilities for the values of φ, and these can, provided the state allows for a suitable classical interpretation, be translated into probabilities for effective constants G,Λ.. Such quantum states are obviously not unique, but for the canonical formulation of quantum gravity, the noboundary (or Hartle-Hawking) wave function10 is such a proposal for a natural initial state of the universe. Here g is the metric, the fields with superscript (3) live on a spatial slice, and the path integral on the right is over 4d fields such that there is only one boundary (the spatial slice), and the 4d fields give the 3d fields on the boundary. SE is the Euclidean action. In our work we approximate the no-boundary wave function in the mini-superspace setting The techniques we employ are similar to those of Hartle, Hawking, and Hertog11, who studied the no-boundary proposal for gravity coupled to an ordinary scalar field. We find that for suitable potentials, the probability for obtaining nonzero G,Λ is nonvanishing. Furthermore, we find that one can obtain a stable dilaton with non-zero probability. This is in contrast to previous arguments suggesting that the probability for seeing a de-Sitter space is effectively zero. Our new results are obtained by applying the Figure 4: Euclidean action (which determines probabilities) for left and right rolling method of steepest descent to the path integral defining the no-boundary wave function, and using numerical methods. We find that the leading order contributions two (G,Λ) pairs is preferred come from complex solutions, so called fuzzy instantons. The fuzzy instantons that we observe are of a new type, as compared to earlier work This is due to the fact, that the potentials we consider have localized histories. No minimum, and hence none of the 10 J. B. Hartle and S. W. Hawking, Phys. Rev. D 28, 2960 (1983) 11 J. B. Hartle, S. W. Hawking and T. Hertog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 201301 (2008) APCTP Status Report 2011 100 maximums. These new instantons show a phase of false vacuum inflation, during which the scalar spends time near a local maximum of the potential before eventually rolling down to one of the local minima. As an example, we have shown one of the potentials that was used in the investigation, as well as the Euclidean action for certain initial conditions, which can be translated into probabilities for certain classical histories to emerge. As one can see, neither the left nor the right minimum of the potential are preferred by these probabilities. More detailed analysis shows that indeed the probabilities are largely set by the properties of the local maximum between the minima. These results can also be used to argue a partial resolution of the modulo stabilization problem, by moving the position of the second minimum far off to the right. Now the resulting “unstable” region is still not substantially preferred. This would be a huge improvement over the previous belief that the unstable region is exponentially preferred. ■ Member Name Title Hanno SAHLMANN Leader/Prof. APCTP Status Report 2011 Nationality Germany Period Oct.22, 2010-Oct.21, 2015 101 2-6. Biological and Soft Matter Physics Group ■ Leader – YongSeok Jho (PhD. KAIST, Korea (2006)) ■ Period: Since June 1, 2011 ■ Overview The long term goal of the group is to contribute to the understanding of the electrostatic and dynamic properties of biological and soft system including the charged polymers, colloids, and membranes. Focuses are made on their structure, instability, function, and dynamics. The combining approaches of theory and simulation are applied to bridge the different length and time scales of phenomena. ■ Research There are three main research subjects the group is concentrating on. ① The electrostatic properties of water In spite of its simple structure, water is known as one of the most extraordinary material. About 70% of our body is consisted of the water. Due to the ubiquitous presence of water in biological system, the interaction between biomolecules is also strongly affected by the water. Water induces the hydrophobic interaction and significantly reduces charge interaction between charged biomolecules dissolving into water. Especially, it shows strong anomalous behaviors at the various interfaces. We will study the origin of this anomaly in the interface and bulk. Hierarchical simulation from quantum mechanical scale to coarse grained level is used to consider both the anisotropy of water molecule and the long range correlation at the same time. ② Field theoretical and particle simulations on the charged biological system The understanding of charged macromolecules, for example polyelectrolyte, is very challenging because it requires combining expertise in electrostatics, statistical mechanics, and macromolecular physics. In this study, we develop numerical methods and theory which can be applied beyond mean field regime. We will first extend the current FTS model to non-mean field charged polymer systems. Then, we will find the general approaches finding numerical solution without any approximation. ③ Charged polymers in neuron system Neuron is in charge of the electrical and chemical signal transport in our body. Many compartments of neuron are charged and use charge interaction for its stability and functionality. In this sense, it is a very good example to apply our theoretical and numerical developments. Moreover, this study is not only important to the understanding of biological systems but also contributes to a broad spectrum of APCTP Status Report 2011 102 technological applications in medical field. We study the stability of Microtubule complex, neurofilament, the signal transport at the synapse, and their malfunctions, which lead major neuro-disorder diseases, in collaboration with experimental and theoretical groups. 3.0 A. Repulsion oppositely charged macroions 4.800 4.200 3.600 2.5 3.000 2.400 2.0 The 1.800 1.200 0 1.0 0.5 -2 10 0.5 1.0 -3 concentraion (M) 10 q=3, experiment (ref.11) 1.5 2.0 2.5 q=3, uniform interaction between oppositely charged macroions is investigated using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations of an unrestricted primitive model, including the effect of inhomogeneous surface charge and its density, the depth of surface charge, the counterion size, and the dielectric permittivity of solvent and macroions, and their contrast. 0.6000 1.5 repulsive between planar 3.0 discrete q=3, q=4, experiment (ref.11) q=4, uniform q=4, discrete -4 10 -5 10 The origin of the repulsion is a Figure 5Simulation results are directly compared with experimental results. It presents the combination of osmotic pressure critical concentrationas a function of the dielectric constant of solvent.The critical concentration 50 60 70 80 goes down as decreasing ϵ2. Lower dielectricconstant of solvent screens the electrostatic dielectric constant of solvent ( ) and ionic screening resulting interaction less, which leads stronger interaction between surface chargesand multivalent counterions in the bulk. The decrease in potential near the surface requires more counterions from excess salt between the beingnear the surface to make balance in the chemical potential. Effectively, it corresponds to an increase of salt concentration.This excess salt screens the surface charge attraction and as macroions. well as increases the entropic pressure. Overall, the repulsion is possible under the smaller salt concentration. In the same context, it is obvious that tetravalentsolvent has lower critical concentration than trivalent solvent. Higher valent counterions induce stronger The excess charge over-reduces electrostaticcoupling. the electrostatic attraction between macroions and raises the entropic repulsion. The magnitude of the repulsion increases when the dielectric constant of the solvent is lowered (below that of water) and/or the surface charge density is increased, in good agreement with experiment. Smaller size of surface charge and the counterion, their -6 (a) 10 discreteness and mobility are another factors to enhance the repulsion and charge inversion phenomenons B. Effect discreteness and mobility of surface charge on charged colloid system The aggregation of the equally charged large colloids, whose size is up to 50 nm, is Figure 6The calculation of the density includes the total numberof counterions within a distance r < Rd/2, from the particle center (see inset of Fig. 5). The distribution APCTP Status Report 2011 ofcounterions around each particle should be spherically symmetric if the two macroions are separated by an infinitedistance. The figure shows that the distribution has maximum at ϕ= 0, and θ= π/2, ie. counterions prefers to stay inthe bridging region. Especially, discrete, mobile surfaces attract more counterions in the bridging regionthan uniform surfaces which 103 observed by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The discreteness and motion of surface charge promote the electrostatic correlation between colloidal surfaces, and give rise to their aggregation. When the colloids are nearby, more counterions are localized between collids than outside, which amplify the correlation induced attraction. Remarkably, the aggregation is more effective for large size of colloids when their surface charge is discrete. ■ Member Name Title Nationality Period YongSeok Jho Leader/Prof. Korea June 1,2011-May 31, 2016 Adi Constantinescu Dr. Romania Sep. 1,2011-Aug. 31, 2012 Yann Magnin Dr. France Nov. 15, 2011-Nov. 14, 2012 Yong-Jin Lee Mr. Korea Aug. 1, 2011-July 31, 2013 Seong-Min Jeong Mr. Korea Sep. 15, 2011-Sep. 14, 2012 2-7. Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology ■ Leader – Ki Young Choi (PhD. Seoul National University, Korea (2005)) ■ Period: Since July 1, 2011 APCTP Status Report 2011 104 ■ Overview Cosmology is the study of the Universe as a whole to understand its birth, gro wth, shape, size and eventual fate. Modern cosmology is characterized by the St andard Big Bang theory, which brings together observational astronomy and par ticle physics. The Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology group in APCTP is strug gling to find answers aboutwhat is dark matter and how they aregenerated in t he early Universe, what is the origin of the primordial density fluctuation and how they are generated during the inflation. ■ Research We are mainly interested in the following topics: 1. What is Dark Matter? This is one of the most urgent questions that must be solved. The dark matters are invisible but act gravitationally in the rotation of galaxies, in the gravitational lensing, in the formation of large scale structures and in the temperature anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation. We aim to construct the most natural and consistent model for dark matter that explains the inconsistencies between the visible matter and gravitational matter observed in astrophysics and cosmology. We identify the evidences of dark matter and develop a particle physics model to explain it. We analyze the model and then find the predictions to detect dark matter in the colliders, in the present sky and also in the early Universe. 2. How was the Primordial Density Perturbation Generated? There were small fluctuations in the matter density of the early Universe, and they are amplified by the gravitational collapse in the matter-dominated universe particularly by cold dark matter. The evolution of the density leads to the structures of the present Universe such as the galaxy halos, galaxy clusters where we live in. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is a remnant of the primordial perturbation at the time of last scattering of photons. We are trying to develop a model which can generate the primordial density perturbation and predict the shape of the fluctuation, especially the isocurvature perturbation, non-Gaussianity and the gravitational waves from the early Universe. One of the most attractive way to generate the perturbation is during the inflationary period. This enables us to connect the most earliest time of the Universe to the observations today. 3. The Early Universe and the Beyond Standard Model. The existence of new particles in the beyond standard model modifies the physical states of the early Universe and changes the evolution history. The early Universe is APCTP Status Report 2011 105 used to test and constrain the new models of particle physics which is complementary laboratory to the particle physics experiments on the ground. In other way the new degrees of freedom of particle physics give new insights and opens a window to the understanding of the early Universe as well as the present Universe. <Research Highlight> A. Natural Hybrid inflation model In a recent paper [arXiv:1109.4245], we proposed an inflationary model ("natural hybrid model"), which combines the supersymmetric hybrid model and the natural inflation model to achieve the spectral index of 0.96, and the axion decay constant smaller than the Planck scale, f<< M_P. By introducing both U(1)_R and a shift symmetry and employing the minimal Kahler potential, the eta-problem can be still avoided. The two inflaton fields in this model can admit large non-Gaussianity B. Axion N-flation models The pseudoscalar particles that exist in the string theory can be the source of t he cosmic inflation. If sufficient number of axions cooperate then they can ensu re enough inflation without any problem with the energy scale of the symmetry breaking. This is called N-flation model. In the recent paper [Soo A Kim et al., arXiv:1108.2944], the density perturbation of N-flation model was thoroughly e xamined and the signatures for large non-Gaussianity is studied in much of its parameter range. In this paper we extend our analysis in several directions. In the case of equal-mass axions, we compute the probability distributions of obse rvables and their correlations across the parameter space. We examine the case of unequal masses, and show that the mass spectrum must be very densely p acked if the model is to remain in agreement with observations. The model ma kes specific testable predictions for all major perturbative observables, namely t he spectral index, tensor-to-scalar ratio, bispectrum, and trispectrum. C. Axino cold dark matter Axino arises in supersymmetric versions of axion models and is a natural candi date for cold or warm dark matter. In the paper of Ki-Young Choi et al. [arXiv: 1108.2282] we studied axino dark matter produced thermally and non-thermally in light of recent developments. First we discuss the definition of axino relative to low energy axion one for different classes of axion models. Then we review and refine the computation of the dominant QCD production in order to avoid unphysical cross-sections and, depending on the model, to include production vi a SU(2) and U(1) interactions and Yukawa couplings. APCTP Status Report 2011 106 ■ Member Name Title Nationality Period Ki Young Choi Leader/Prof. Korea July 1,2011-June 30, 2016 Soo A Kim Dr. Korea July 1,2011-June 30, 2013 Subhayan Mandal Dr. India Nov. 1, 2011-Oct. 31, 2012 2-8. Emergent Dynamics of Complex Living Systems ■ Leader – Pan-Jun Kim(PhD. KAIST, Korea (2008)) ■ Period: Since December 1, 2011 APCTP Status Report 2011 107 ■ Overview Life is the fundamental physical process that brings individual molecules or organisms to collective phenomena of biological systems. In order to understand life satisfactorily, we need to devise a statistical mechanics of underlying biological elements, which links diverse scales of time and space. Aided by the recent availability of high-throughput experimental data, our group focuses on modeling and analysis of such biological behaviors, emerging from subcellular to ecological scales. Universal insights gained by this approach may also guide explanation and prediction of other collective phenomena, e.g., those observed in social and economical systems. ■ Research Genetic interaction in the microbial world Recent technologies have generated enormous amount of biological data at various scales. Computational methodologies enable global analyses of such data, allowing scientists to gain insights that will bring leaps of fundamental understanding of complex biological processes, and may lead to significant breakthroughs in improving human health. We are interested in providing a quantitative framework for unraveling the collective behavior of biomolecules, cells, and organisms, aided by detailed analyses of large-scale biological datasets. To demonstrate one of these efforts, we remind that the phenotype of any organism on earth is, in large part, the consequence of interplay between numerous gene products encoded in the genome, and such interplay between gene products affects the evolutionary fate of the genome itself through the resulting phenotype. For example, proteins produced from one gene may be bound to other proteins produced from another gene to perform together a particular biological task, and such pair of cooperative genes may often reside together in the same organisms as this co-residence is beneficial to the organisms. We analyzed thousands of genes across ~600 bacterial species, and found genes with favored co-occurrence in the same organisms (termed correlogs) or disfavored co-occurrence (termed anti-correlogs). These co-occurrence patterns are significantly reflective of actual biochemical interplays between genes, and distinct cliques of correlogous genes are seamlessly interrelated through anti-correlogous links between the cliques. The ‘sociology’ of genes inferred by this approach provides useful information on how to engineer a cell, such as for production of a desired bioproduct. ■ Members Name Title Nationality Period Pan-Jun Kim Prof. Korea Dec. 1, 2011- Nov. 31, 2016 2-9. Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems ■ Research Professor – Ki-Seok Kim (PhD. POSTECH, Korea (2004)) ■ Period: Oct. 1, 2008-Feb. 29, 2012 APCTP Status Report 2011 108 ■ Overview Purpose Quantum phase transitions in strongly correlated electrons give rise to crisis in two cornerstones of modern theory of metals, Landau Fermi liquid theory and LandauGinzburg-Wilson framework. In particular, the origin of non-Fermi liquid near quantum critical points of heavy fermions and doped Mott insulators has been debated for several decades, and mechanism of superconductivity out of non-Fermi liquids has been one of the outstanding problems in condensed matter physics. We try to reveal the nature of non-Fermi liquid physics and mechanism of superconductivity based on the field theory approach. Contents Electron fractionalization occurs in extreme conditions such as Luttinger liquid of one dimensional interacting electrons and fractional quantum Hall states under strong magnetic fields. We claim that this phenomenon may occur in another extreme condition near the metal-insulator Mott transition. This fractionalization scenario is based on a novel quantum state of matter called spin liquid, regarded as a spin 1/2 “Fermi liquid” but an insulator which has all kinds of symmetries. An important question is how to observe electron fractionalization in experiments. Based on the spin-charge separation scenario in the spin liquid state, we evaluate various correlation functions in the Eliashberg theoretical framework and compare such theoretical results and predictions with experiments (thermodynamics, various transport coefficients, spectra of collective modes, …). In particular, we focus on heavy fermion quantum criticality based on the Kondo breakdown mechanism or an orbital selective Mott transition. Unfortunately, fitting to experiments is not sufficient because fitting is sometimes regarded as cheating. In particular, the gauge theoretical framework has a much complex theoretical structure, thus we should check the theoretical self-consistency of the gauge theory, i.e., whether the picture of electron fractionalization is allowed, considering the theoretical consistency. We should take into account topological excitations, corresponding to magnetic monopoles (instantons in one time and two spatial dimensions) identified with skyrmion excitations in terms of original spin variables. This issue is deeply related with confinement of “quarks”. If deconfinement of fractionalized excitations is allowed fundamentally, the next work is to check the Eliashberg approximation. Recently, it was claimed that the Fermi surface problem turns out to have a similar theoretical structure with a matrix model (non-abelian gauge theory), where all planar diagrams should be summed in a non-perturbative way because they are all in the same order. In a while, some perturbative analysis have been done based on the Eliashberg theory, claiming that APCTP Status Report 2011 109 vertex corrections may modify several critical exponents of the Eliashberg theory. Topological aspects in condensed matter physics got many interests. Recently, various topological properties have been proposed in topological insulators. An important question is how to observe such topological effects in experiments, particularly, transport measurements. In addition, interaction effects are being studied seriously. We expect that such interaction effects will generate novel electrodynamics in the parameter (momentum) space, which can be measured in Hall experiments. Recently, we focus on the role of randomness in strongly correlated electrons. As this problem has a long history, we are preparing for attacking the disorder problem step by step. ■ Research Key questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. How to observe electron fractionalization at heavy quantum criticality Non-Fermi liquid transport at heavy fermion quantum criticality Interplay between topological excitations and itinerant electrons Interplay between strong correlations and topological aspects (chiral anomaly) Anomalous transport in topological insulators A. Spin liquids in graphene, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 83, 125416 (2011) We reveal that local interactions in graphene allow novel spin liquids between the semimetal and antiferromagnetic Mott insulating phases, identified with algebraic spin liquid and Z2 spin liquid, respectively. We argue that the algebraic spin liquid can be regarded as the two-dimensional realization of one-dimensional spin dynamics, where antiferromagnetic correlations show exactly the same power-law dependence as valence bond correlations. The nature of the Z2 spin liquid turns out to be d + id_ singlet pairing, but time-reversal symmetry is preserved, taking d + id_ in one valley and d − id_ in the other valley. We propose the quantized thermal valley Hall effect as an essential feature of this gapped spin liquid state. Quantum phase transitions among the semimetal, algebraic spin liquid, and Z2 spin liquid are shown to be continuous while the transition from the Z2 spin liquid to the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator turns out to be first order. We emphasize that both algebraic spin liquid and d ± id_ Z2 spin liquid can be verified by the quantum Monte Carlo simulation, showing the enhanced symmetry in the algebraic spin liquid and the quantized thermal valley Hall effect in the Z2 spin liquid. APCTP Status Report 2011 110 B. Role of vertex corrections in the T-linear resistivity at the Kondobreakdown quantum critical point, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 84, 085117 (2011) The Kondo-breakdown scenario has been claimed to allow the T -linear resistivity in the vicinity of the Kondo-breakdown quantum critical point, two cornerstones of which are the dynamical exponent z = 3 quantum criticality for hybridization fluctuations in three dimensions and irrelevance of vertex corrections for transport due to the presence of localized electrons. We revisit the issue of vertex corrections in electrical transport coefficients. Assuming that two kinds of bosonic degrees of freedom, e.g., hybridization excitations and gauge fluctuations, are in equilibrium, we derive coupled quantum Boltzmann equations for two kinds of fermions, e.g., conduction electrons and spinons. We reveal that vertex corrections play a certain role, changing the T -linear behavior into T 5/3 in three dimensions. However, the T 5/3 regime turns out to be narrow, and the T -linear resistivity is still expected in most temperature ranges at the Kondo-breakdown quantum critical point in spite of the presence of vertex corrections. We justify our evaluation, showing that the Hall coefficient is not renormalized to remain as the Fermi-liquid value at the Kondo-breakdown quantum critical point. C. Dissipationless mechanism of skyrmion Hall current in doubleexchange ferromagnets, accepted in PHYSICAL REVIEW B We revisit a theory of skyrmion transport in ferromagnets. On a basis of an effective U(1) gauge theory for spin-chirality fluctuations in double-exchange ferromagnets, we derive an expression for the velocity of a skyrmion core driven by the dc electric field. We find that mutual feedback effects between conduction electrons and localized spins give rise to Chern-Simons terms, suggesting a dissipationless mechanism for the skyrmion Hall current. A conventional description of the current-induced skyrmion motion, appearing through the spin transfer torque and scattering events, is reproduced in a certain limit of our description, where the Chern-Simons terms are not fully incorporated. Our theory is applicable to not only metallic but also insulating systems, where the purely topological and dissipationless skyrmion Hall current can be induced in the presence of an energy gap. D. Sondheimer Oscillation as a Fingerprint of Surface Dirac Fermions,” accepted in PHYSICAL REVIEW B APCTP Status Report 2011 111 Topological states of matter challenge the paradigm of symmetry breaking, characterized by gapless boundary modes and protected by the topological property of the ground state. Recently, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has revealed that semiconductors of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 belong to such a class of materials. Here, we present undisputable evidence for the existence of gapless surface Dirac fermions from transport in Bi2Te3. We observe Sondheimer oscillation in magnetoresistance (MR). This oscillation originates from the quantization of motion due to the confinement of electrons within the surface layer. Based on Sondheimer’s transport theory, we determine the thickness of the surface state from the oscillation data. In addition, we uncover the topological nature of the surface state, fitting consistently both the non-oscillatory part of MR and the Hall resistance. The side-jump contribution turns out to dominate around 1 T in Hall resistance while the Berry-curvature effect dominates in 3 T ∼ 4 T. E. Deconfined local quantum criticality in the holographic approach Strongly coupled conformal field theory appears to describe universal scaling around quantum criticality, where critical exponents reflect the nature of emergent excitations. In particular, strong interactions can give rise to quantum number fractionalization, resulting in enhancement of critical exponents and well known in one dimensional correlated systems, the mechanism of which is an interplay between correlations and topological terms. However, it is beyond the present paradigm to confirm higher dimensional generalizations. Resorting to the holographic approach, we claim emergence of fractionalized excitations, the hallmark of which is enhancement of critical exponents, compared with the absence of the topological term. We discuss possible applications to quantum criticality in fractional topological insulators, where an interplay between strong correlations and theta vacua may allow fractionalization phenomena. F. Preformed heavy-electrons at the Quantum Critical Point in heavy fermion compounds The existence of multiple energy scales is regarded as a signature of the Kondo breakdown mechanism for explaining the quantum critical behavior of certain heavy fermion compounds, like YbRh2Si2. The nature of the intermediate state between the heavy Fermi liquid and the quantum critical region, however, remains elusive. In this study we suggest an incoherent heavy-fermion scenario, where inelastic scattering with novel soft modes of APCTP Status Report 2011 112 the dynamical exponent z = 3 gives rise to non-Fermi liquid physics for thermodynamics and transport despite the formation of the heavy-fermion band. We discuss a crossover from z = 3 to z = 1 for quantum phase fluctuations. ■ Members Name Title Nationality Period Ki-Seok KIM Research Prof. Korea Oct.1, 2008- Feb.29, 2012 Minh-Tien TRAN Dr. Vietnam Aug.1, 2009-Feb.29, 2012 APCTP Status Report 2011 113 VI. Reports of Scientific Outreach Programs in 2011 1. Aim of Scientific Outreach Programs 2. Data of Scientific Outreach Programs 2-1. Publications 2-2. Forums, Lectures, Schools, etc APCTP Status Report 2011 114 1. Aim of Scientific Outreach Programs Enhance the importance of basic science and attract more people to world of physics Provide a friendly atmosphere where the general public and scientists can interact with each other to promote popularization of physics 2. Data of Scientific Outreach Programs 2-1. Publications Creation and distribution of high-quality scientific literary contents by the AP scientist network ■ On-line Web-journal “Crossroads” (1) Lead the Vision for Science, Future and Humanity - Build up a network for scientist in the Asia-Pacific region and set an example of science web-journal - Expand the base of science and lead its popularization by communicating with scientists (2) Published monthly on-line both in English and Korean - Volume 7 Issue 1 ~ Issue 12 (3) Total number of 82 articles - Editorial (9), Column (16), Feature (8), Essay (27), SF (8), and HOT APCTP (9), Physics Everywhere (5) ▣ Total Number of Visitors and Page Views Item 2009 Visitors (Page Views) 167,064 (232,254) 2010(Estimate) 292,593 (294,123) 2011 275,312 (279,637) From August through December in 2010, the number of visitors increased abnormally due to the operation of the Robot Program of several web engines collecting information from the Crossroads Website in random. If the number is estimated based on the average number from January to July, the total number of visitors and page view is 292,593 and 294,123 respectively. ※ APCTP Status Report 2011 115 ▣ The Number of Visitors and Page Views Worldwide Korea USA Japan Canada 2009 144,758 12,695 386 1,221 2010 798,494 199,631 1,014 28,848 2011 182,426 29,123 358 46,702 Beijing 2,092 4,800 UK 282 538 3,800 12,035 Germany Etc. 288 5,342 714 30,603 482 386 2-2. Forums, Lectures, Schools, etc. ■ Science Communication Forum/Lecture Science Communication Forums/Lectures demonstrate hot scientific issues of the year to the public. Physicists and Scientists are invited to share their research and discuss scientific issues. No Topic 1 The Universe and life 2 Atto-Science, Catching Electrons Period Venue Speaker Participants May. 30, 2011 POSTECH, Pohang Jai-chan Hwang (Kyeongbuk Univ.) 140 Jul. 13, 2011 POSTECH, Pohang Paul Corkum (Univ. of Ottawa) 165 Science communication forum to support writers for creative writings Jong-Phil Lee (Yonsei Univ.) Aug. 10, APCTP Branch 3 & Sang-Jun Park 2011 Office, Seoul (Science Fiction Critic) Gang-Yeong Lee APCTP Neutrinos faster than Dec. 9, (KonKuk Univ.) 4 Headquarters, light particles 2011 & Chang-Gyu Kim Pohang (Science Writer) Total 19 16 340 ■ Science Communication School Science Communication Schools provide the university students with science writing class and debating & presentation programs at the Center. Topic The nature of life in physics APCTP Status Report 2011 Period Venue Aug. 8-10, 2011 APCTP, Pohang, Korea Participants 24 116 ■ Physics in Library Physics in Library provides the public with lectures at libraries in Korea. Physicists, Scientists and Science Writers deliver lectures to the public for a better understanding of science and physics. No Topic Period Venue Speaker What is Nuclear Apr. 19, Gang-Yeong Lee Donghae Library Power Generation? 2011 (KonKuk Univ.) Black hole: Endless May. 14, Changnyung Chang-Hwan Lee 2 efforts to see the 2011 Public Library (Pusan Nat’l Univ.) invisible How to create the May. 21, Soonkeon Nam 3 Buan Library Universe 2011 (Kyung Hee Univ.) Samcheok Lifelong The world of music Jun. 11, Junegone Chay 4 Education through science 2011 (Korea Univ.) Information Center Wan Sang Chung Jun. 17, 5 Funny Physics Geochang Library (Gyeongsang Nat’l 2011 Univ.) Beom Jun Kim Chaos and Complex Jun. 22, Geumsan 6 (Sungkyunkwan Systems 2011 Daragwon Univ.) A Journey into the Jul. 18, Jonghak Woo 7 Universe and Black Aewol Library 2011 (Seoul Nat’l Univ.) holes The Smallest and Gyeongbuk Aug. 11, Hang Bae Kim 8 the Biggest of the Provincial Sang2011 (Hanyang Univ.) World ju Library Light changing the Sep. 17, Kyungwon An 9 Gapyeong Library World 2011 (Seoul Nat’l Univ.) Gwangyang Sep. 20, Kiejin Lee 10 Delicious Physics Municipal 2011 (Sogang Univ.) Library Hawoong Jeong Science is too Sep. 24, Jecheon City (Korea Advanced 11 difficult! 2011 Library Inst. of Sci. and Tech.) Chanju Kim Atom, Universe Oct. 7, Pocheon City 12 (Ewha Womans and I 2011 Ildong Library Univ.) 1 Total APCTP Status Report 2011 Participants 39 47 44 74 41 700 146 100 89 85 85 34 1,484 117 ■ “Best Science Book 10” selected by APCTP (December 2011) (1) The best science books are selected and promoted by APCTP for a wide readership. (2) The Asia Pacific Network Evening (To announce ‘Best Science Book 10’ and to express gratitude for supporting to the APCTP): APCTP Headquarters, Pohang, Dec. 9, 2011 No Title The date of Issue 1 Dinosaur Odyssey Aug. 16, 2011 2 Parasites, Old Human Companions May. 9, 2011 3 The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating Aug. 22, 2011 Decoding Reality: the universe as 4 Sep. 29, 2011 quantum information 5 The Black Hole War Aug. 31, 2011 6 Controversy on Social Biology Sep. 1 , 2011 7 8 The Road to Reality The Science of Laughter Nov. 30, 2010 Jan. 21, 2011 9 10 The Dominant Animal Sep. 21, 2011 LHC stands at the Forefront of Modern Physics Author Scott D. Sampson Jun-Ho Jeong Elisabeth Tova Bailey Vlatko Vedral Leonard Susskind G. C. Choi, S. G. Kim, H. S. Kim, D. I. Jang, D. G. Kim, B. H. Lee, J. H. Jeon, J. D. Lee Roger Penrose Yun-Seok Lee Paul R. Ehrlich, Anne H. Ehrlich Feb. 20, 2011 Gang-Yeong Lee ■ Science in City Hall Science in City Hall is held with Pohang City which includes high quality science lectures and programs combining Science, Education, Art, and Experience. No Topic Period Venue Speaker Participants When Science and Jul. 9, Pohang Young Jik Kwag 1 408 Musical meets Newton 2011 City Hall (Suwon Univ.) When Science and Oct. 22, Pohang Wan Sang Chung Performance meets 400 2 2011 City Hall (Gyeongsang Nat’l Univ.) Einstein Total 808 ■ The 8th Pohang Family Science Festival held with Pohang City Pohang Family Science Festival is held with Pohang City to stimulate interest in science through wider participation and to nurture science leaders from the local area. No Topic Period Venue Participants 1 Science in the Light Nov. 11-13, 2011 Pohang Stadium 32,000 APCTP Status Report 2011 118 VII. List of Publications in 2011 1. Publications by APCTP members 1-1. Reprints 2. Publications supported by APCTP 2-1. Reprints APCTP Status Report 2011 119 1. Publications by APCTP members 1-1. Reprints by APCTP members (45) 1) Hanno Sahlmann, Newton’s constant from a minimal length: additional models, Class. Quantum Grav. 28 015006 (2011) 2) Hanno Sahlmann, Some results concerning the representation theory of the algebra underlying loop quantum gravity, J. Math. Phys. 52, 012502 (2011) 3) Hanno Sahlmann, When do measures on the space of connections support the triad operators of loop quantum gravity?, J. Math. Phys. 52, 012503 (2011) 4) Ki-Seok Kim, Critical particle-hole composites at twice the Fermi wave vector in a U(1) spin liquid with a Fermi surface, Phys. Rev. B 83, 035123 (2011) 5) G. Oh, C. Eom, F.Wang, W.-S. Jung, H.E. Stanley, and Seunghwan Kim, Statistical properties of cross-correlation in the Korean stock market, Eur. Phys. J. B 79, 55-60 (2011) 6) Hanno Sahlmann, Thomas Thiemann, Chern–Simons theory, Stokes’ theorem, and the Duflo map, J. Geom. Phys. 61:1104-1121 (2011) 7) Michele Burrello, Giuseppe Mussardo, Xin Wan, Topological quantum gate construction by iterative pseudogroup hashing, New J. Phys. 13 025023 (2011) 8) Ki-Seok Kim, C. P´epin, Thermopower as a fingerprint of the Kondo breakdown quantum critical point, Phys. Rev. B 83, 073104 (2011) 9) Pakpoom Reunchan, Seung-Hoon Jhi, Metal-dispersed porous graphene for hydrogen storage, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 093103 (2011) 10) Soumya P. Mukherjee, Effect of helical edge states on the tunneling conductance in ferromagnet/noncentrosymmetric superconductor junction, Eur. Phys. J. B 80, 51-58 (2011) 11) Pakpoom Reunchan, Xin Zhou, Sukit Limpijumnong, Anderson Janotti,Chris G. Van de Walle, Vacancy defects in indium oxide: An ab-initio study, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 093103 (2011) 12) Gentaro Watanabe, Franco Dalfovo, Lev P. Pitaevskii, Sandro Stringari, Effects of periodic potentials on the critical velocity of superfluid Fermi gases in the BCS-BEC APCTP Status Report 2011 120 crossover, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033621 (2011) 13) Zi-Xiang Hu, Ki H Lee, Edward H Rezayi, Xin Wan, Kun Yang, Scaling and non-Abelian signature in fractional quantum Hall quasiparticle tunneling amplitude, New J. Phys. 13 035020 (2011) 14) Minh-Tien Tran, Ki-Seok Kim, Spin liquids in grapheme, Phys. Rev. B 83, 125416 (2011) 15) A Benlagra, K. –S. Kim, C P´epin, The Luttinger–Ward functional approach in the Eliashberg framework: a systematic derivation of scaling for thermodynamics near the quantum critical point, J. Phys. : Condens. Matter 23 (2011) 16) Deog Ki Hong, Anomalous currents in dense matter under a magnetic field, Physics Letters B 699(2011) 17) Frank Pollmann, Joseph J. Betouras, Kirill Shtengel, Peter Fulde, Fermionic quantum dimer and fully-packed loop models on the square lattice, Phys. Rev. B 83, 155117 18) Jongbae Hong, Kondo dynamics of quasiparticle tunneling in a two-reservoir Anderson model, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 275602 19) Mew-Bing Wan, Universality and properties of neutron star type I critical collapses, Class. Quantum Grav. 28 (2011) 155002 (17pp) 20) Jongbae Hong, A complete set of basis vectors of the Anderson model and its Kondo dynamics, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 225601 21) Ee Chang-Young, Hiroaki Nakajima, Hyeonjoon Shin, Fermionic T-duality and Morita equivalence, JHEP06(2011)002 22) Peter Thalmeier, Tetsuya Takimoto, Signatures of hidden-order symmetry in torque oscillations, elastic constant anomalies, and field-induced moments in URu2Si2, Phys. Rev. B 83, 165110 (2011) 23) Youngman Kim, Yunseok Seo,Ik Jae Shin,Sang-Jin Sin, Symmetry energy of dense matter in holographic QCD, JHEP 1106 :011 (2011) 24) Ki-Seok Kim, Tetsuya Takimoto, Nambu-Eliashberg theory for multiscale quantum criticality: Application to ferromagnetic quantum criticality in the surface of threedimensional topological insulators, Phys. Rev. B83:245138 (2011) 25) Chanyong Park, Do-Young Gwak, Bum-Hoon Lee, Yumi Ko,Sunyoung Shin, Soft wall APCTP Status Report 2011 121 model in the hadronic medium, Phys. Rev. D 84, 046007 (2011) 26) Hanno Sahlmann, Black hole horizons from within loop quantum gravity, Phys. Rev. D84:044049 (2011) 27) Ki-Seok Kim, Evidence of electron fractionalization in the Hall coefficient at Mott criticality, Phys. Rev. B84, 085111 (2011) 28) Ki-Seok Kim, Role of vertex corrections in the T-linear resistivity at the Kondobreakdown quantum critical point, Phys. Rev. B84, 085117 (2011) 29) Youngman Kim, Deokhyun Yi, Holography at Work for Nuclear and Hadron Physics, Adv. High Energy Phys. 2011:259025 (2011) 30) Heon-Jung Kim, Ki-Seok Kim,Mun Dae Kim,S.-J. Lee,J.-W. Han,A. Ohnishi, M. Kitaura, and M. Sasaki, A. Kondo, and K. Kindo, Sondheimer Oscillation as a signature of surface Dirac Fermions, Phys. Rev. B84, 125144 (2011) 31) Kyung-il Kim, Youngman Kim, Shingo Takeuchi, Takuya Tsukioka, Quark Number Susceptibility with Finite Quark Mass in Holographic QCD, Prog. Theor. Phys. 126 (2011) 32) Minh-Tien Tran, Ki-Seok Kim, Competition between Kondo and RKKY correlations in the presence of strong randomness, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 425602 (2011) 33) Hyun Kyu Lee, Back-to-back pair correlation of Majorana neutrinos with transit magnetic moment, Phys. Rev. D 84, 077302 (2011) 34) Guanghon Zuo, Xin Zhou, Qing Huang, Haiping Fang, Ruhong Zhou, Adsorption of Villin Headpiece onto Graphene, Carbon Nanotube, and C60: Effect of Contacting Surface Curvatures on Binding Affinity, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115 (47) 35) Youngman Kim, Chang-Hwan Lee, Ik Jae Shin, Mew-Bing Wan, Holographic equations of state and astrophysical compact objects, JHEP No.10,111 (2011) 36) Hanno Sahlmann, Energy equipartition and minimal radius in entropic gravity, Phys. Rev. D 84, 104010 (2011) 37) Ki-Young Choi, Deog Ki Hong, Shinya Matsuzaki, Techni-dilaton as dark matter, J. Physletb., Vol. 706, Issue 2 (2011) 38) Masaaki Nakamura, Satoshi Nishimoto, Aroon O'brien,Peter Fulde, METAL INSULATOR TRANSITION OF THE SPINLESS FERMIONS ON THE KAGOM´E LATTICE, Modern Physics Letters B, Volume 25, Issue 12-13, pp. 947-953 (2011) APCTP Status Report 2011 122 39) Kwanhyun Jo, Youngman Kim, Sang Jin Sin, Holographic Mesons in D4/D6 Model Revisited, J. Koran Phys. Soc. 59,2984 (2011) 40) Ki-Seok Kim, Hyun-Chul Kim, A phenomenological description of an incoherent Fermi liquid near optimal doping in high Tc cuprates, 2011 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 495701 41) Tetsuya TAKIMOTO, SmB6: A Promising Candidate for a Topological Insulator, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) 123710 42) Ki-Seok Kim, Kyung Kiu Kim, Youngman Kim, Yumi Ko, Criterion for the nature of the superconducting transition in strongly interacting field theories: A holographic approach, Phys. Rev. B 84, 184530 (2011) 43) Gentaro Watanabe, Sukjin Yoon, Franco Dalfovo, Swallowtail Band Structure of the Superfluid Fermi Gas in an Optical Lattice, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 270404 (2011) 44) A. Sikora, N. Shannon, F. Pollmann and K. Penc, Peter Fulde, Extended quantum U(1)liquid phase in a three-dimensional quantum dimer model, Phys. Rev. B 84, 115129(2011) 45) A. Stoyanova, L. Hozoi, P. Fulde, H. Stoll, Wave-function-based approach to quasiparticle bands: Insight into the electronic structure of c-ZnS, Phys. Rev. B 83, 205119 (2011) APCTP Status Report 2011 123 2. Publications supported by APCTP 2-1. Reprints supported by APCTP (30) 1) Tobias Baldauf, Uros Seljak, Leonardo Senatore, Primordial non-Gaussianity in the Bispectrum of the Halo Density Field, arXiv: 1011.1513, JCAP 1104:006, (2011) 2) Tobias Baldauf, Uros Seljak, Leonardo Senatore, Matias Zaldarriaga, Galaxy Bias and non-Linear Structure Formation in General Relativity, arXiv:1106.5507, JCAP 1110:031, (2011) 3) Vladimir V. Bazhanov, Rouven Frassek , Tomasz Łukowski, Carlo Meneghelli, Matthias Staudacher, Baxter Q-operators and representations of Yangians, arXiv: 1010.3699, Nucl.Phys.B850:148-174, (2011) 4) Ka Shing Man, Yongseok Oh, and K. Nakayama, Role of high-spin hyperon resonances in the reaction of γ p → K+K+ −, arXiv: 1103.1699, Phys.Rev.C83:055201, (2011) 5) Seung Ki Baek, Petter Minnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim, Kosterlitz-Thouless transition of magnetic dipoles on the two-dimensional plane, Phys. Rev. B 83, 184409 (2011) 6) Seung Ki Baek, Harri M¨akel¨, Petter Minnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim, Critical temperatures of the three- and four-state Potts models on the kagome lattice, Phys. Rev. E 83, 061104 (2011) 7) Jaegon Um, Petter Minnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim, Synchronization in interdependent networks, arXiv:1106.6276, Chaos 21, 025106 (2011) 8) Seung Ki Baek, Petter Minnhagen and Beom Jun Kim, The ten thousand Kims, New J. Phys. 13 073036, (2011) 9) Niko Jokela, Gilad Lifschytz and Matthew Lippert, Magneto-roton excitation in a holographic quantum Hall fluid, ArXiv: 1012.1230, JHEP 1102:104 (2011) 10) Niko Jokela, Matti Jarvinen, Matthew Lippert, A holographic quantum Hall model at integer filling , ArXiv :1101.3329, JHEP 1105:101 (2011) 11) Chanil Jeon, Hawoong Jeong, and Youngkyun Jung, Nanoscale spiral flow in a cylindrical channel, Phys. Rev. E 83, 056324 (2011) 12) Michael Kiermaier, Yuji Okawa, and Pablo Soler, Solutions from boundary condition changing operators in open string field theory, ArXiv:1009.6185, JHEP 1103:122(2011) APCTP Status Report 2011 124 13) Jae-Weon Lee, Quantum mechanics emerges from information theory applied to causal horizons, ArXiv:1005.2739, Found.Phys.41:744-753 (2011) 14) Chiung Hwang, Hyungchul Kim, Kyung-Jae Park, Jaemo Park, Index computation for 3d Chern-Simons matter theory: test of Seiberg-like duality, ArXiv: 1107.4942, JHEP 1109:037(2011) 15) Heeyeon Kim, Jaemo Park, Zhaolong Wang, Piljin Yi, Ab Initio Wall-Crossing, ArXiv: :1107.0723, JHEP (2011) 16) Hee-Cheol Kim, Seok Kim, Kimyeong Lee and Jaemo Park, Emergent Schrodinger geometries from mass-deformed CFT, ArXiv: 1106.4309, JHEP 1108: 111 (2011) 17) Sangmo Cheon, Dongmin Gang, Seok Kim and Jaemo Park, Refined test of AdS4/CFT3 correspondence for N=2,3 theories, ArXiv: 1102.4273, JHEP 1105:027 (2011) 18) Chiung Hwang, Kyung-Jae Park, Jaemo Park, Evidences for Aharony duality for orthogonal gauge groups, arXiv:1109.2828, JHEP 1111:011 (2011) 19) Enrique Moreno M´endez, Gerald E. 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Photos in 2011 APCTP Status Report 2011 127 Photos of APCTP Topical Research Programs Conferences & Workshops Schools Focus Programs JRG Workshops Uzbekistan, New Membership of APCTP APCTP Tea-Time APCTP Retreat APCTP Status Report 2011 128 Distinguished Lecture Science Communication Forum/Lecture Science in City Hall APCTP Status Report 2011 Physics in Library Science Communication School Pohang Family Science Festival 129