Download Status Report 2011

2011 APCTP
Status Report
April 6 - 7, 2012
Pohang, Korea
Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics
Contents
I. Foreword ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------II. Overview of the APCTP -----------------------------------------------------------------III. APCTP Activities in 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------1. Summary of APCTP Activities in 2011 -------------------------------------------; Scientific Activities / Research Programs / Scientific Outreach Programs
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2. Statistics of APCTP Activities in 2011 --------------------------------------------IV. Reports of Scientific Activities in 2011 ---------------------------------------------
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1. Summary of Scientific Activities ---------------------------------------------------2. Report of Scientific Activities ---------------------------------------------------------2-1. Topical Research Programs ---------------------------------------------------2-2. Schools ----------------------------------------------------------------------------2-3. Conferences & Workshops ----------------------------------------------------2-4. Focus Programs -----------------------------------------------------------------V. Reports of Research Programs in 2011 ---------------------------------------------1. Summary of Research Programs --------------------------------------------------2. Scientific Reports of Junior Research Groups & Research Professor -------2-1. Multi-Scale Modeling --------------------------------------------------------------
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2-2. String Theory in Strongly Interacting Systems ------------------------------2-3. Cooperative Phenomena in Correlated Electron Systems -----------------2-4. Ultracold Atom Gases -------------------------------------------------------------2-5. Loop Quantum Gravity and the Small Scale Structure of Space-time ---2-6. Biological and Soft Matter Theory ---------------------------------------------2-7. Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology ----------------------------------------2-8. Emergent Dynamics of Complex Living Systems ----------------------------2-9. Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems -VI. Reports of AP Scientific Outreach Programs in 2011 -----------------------------1. Aim of AP Scientific Outreach Programs --------------------------------------------
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2. Data of AP Scientific Outreach Programs --------------------------------------------2-1. Publications ----------------------------------------------------------------------2-2. Forums, Lectures, Schools, etc ------------------------------------------------VII. List of Publications in 2011 ------------------------------------------------------------VIII. Photos in 2011 --------------------------------------------------------------------------
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APCTP Status Report 2011
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I. Foreword
APCTP Status Report 2011
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Foreword
The progress, which the Asia Pacific Center made during last year, was less than
intended, because our budget remained unchanged for the third year. Yet, for
2012 we were able to obtain a budget increase by an amount of KRW 500 million.
The decision was made by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
(MEST) on the very last day of last year and gave us an ideal start into the
present year. This increase is highly appreciated, since in 2011 we were unable
to expand the Junior Research Group program as compared with 2010. Right
now we are looking intensively for new Junior Research Group (JRG) leaders
because of yet another development which took place:
As it turns out, the JRG leaders of the Asia Pacific Center have apparently a high
visibility. Together with a number of scientific advances which they made, this
has resulted in good offers to them from renowned academic institutions. They
also include permanent employments. It began when JRG leader Xin Zhou
obtained an excellent offer for a permanent position at the Chinese Academy of
Science for which he left in July of last year. It continued with the hiring of the
Research Professor Ki-Seok Kim by the Department of Physics of POSTECH. The
sequence continued this year with the offer of a professorship at the University
Erlangen/Nürnberg in Germany made to the JRG leader H. Sahlmann and an
offer obtained by JRG leader Young Man Kim from KoRIA. Both will leave us
towards the middle of this year. We consider the four calls obtained by our
institute members as a confirmation that we are educating the science leaders of
the next generation. The careful selection process we have been pursuing with
the help of the Science Council of our Center is now bearing its fruits.
Yet, we had not only a leaving but also a coming of scientists to the Center. Three
Junior Research Group leaders, who were selected late in 2010, started their
work in the middle of last year. Dr. Yong Seok Jho came from Tohoku University
in Japan in order to build up a group on Biological and Soft Matter Materials and
Dr. Ki Young Choi, formerly at Pusan University, started to set up a group on
Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology. Starting last December, Dr. Pan-Jun Kim is
forming a new group on Biological Physics. He came to us from the University of
Illinois in Urbana. The Junior Research Groups are supplemented by two Asia
Pacific Scholars (Jongbae Hong, Hyeonjoon Shin). Although some of the groups
are still very small, the scientific atmosphere has changed considerably. There
APCTP Status Report 2011
3
are small meetings and discussion rounds taking place frequently and
cooperations have noticeably increased. As this Report demonstrates, the
scientific output has also grown. The idea behind the Junior Research Groups
program is beginning to work. It is this kind of academic environment we are
having, which is a prerequisite for fruitful scientific work.
Most recently, Prof. N. Nagaosa visited our Center as the first Benjamin Lee
Distinguished Professor. He gave a series of six brilliant two-hours lectures on
the role of topology in condensed matter physics. The lecture series attracted
graduate students and postdocs not only from POSTECH but also from other
Universities in Korea.
The last December meeting of the Scientific Council of the Center was called off,
because of the delayed expansion of our Center due to budget restrictions. At the
meeting late this year we will discuss a possible biannual meeting of the Council
in the future.
From the beginning of this year the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) is starting to
change the landscape of Korean basic science. Under its umbrella 50 new
Institutes will be founded until 2017. The Korean Government is investing into
the project a total amount of more than USD 5 billion. It remains to be seen what
effect this program will have on the work of the Asia Pacific Center.
The workshops, symposia, focus programs etc. are described in detail in the
Report. They are a service to the Korean physics community and moreover to the
one of Asia Pacific. Bright young people obtain the opportunity to learn more
about new fields of research, which are developing and growing and contribute
to the ever growing knowledge of our world. The participants in these programs
also learn what the academic level is, which they have to reach in order to be
able to do successful research work in these fields. This will help to bring up
leaders of the next generation of Asia Pacific scientists.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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II. Overview of the APCTP
1. Introduction
2. Milestones
3. Organization Chart
4. Member Countries and Entities
5. International Agreements
6. List of APCTP members
APCTP Status Report 2011
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1. Introduction
The Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP) is an international research center
that pursues excellence in research, trains young scientists in all areas of theoretical
physics, and promotes international cooperation among scientists from member
countries/regions in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond.
Under the leadership of Prof. C. N. Yang, founding president, the Center was established in
June 1996 in Korea. As an international Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), its current
member countries include Australia, Beijing, India, Japan, Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia,
Mongolia, Philippines, Singapore, Taipei, Thailand, Vietnam and Uzbekistan. More countries
in the Asia Pacific region are expected to join the APCTP in the near future.
■ The Center aims:
∙ To lead research excellence in the field of theoretical physics;
∙ To facilitate international cooperation;
∙ To contribute to the advancement of physics by training young physicists;
∙ To improve science-based communication with the public.
■ To this end, the Center:
∙ engages in topical research in all areas of theoretical physics and beyond;
∙ pursues international academic collaboration and exchange of scholars;
∙ educates and trains young scientists;
∙ publishes a web journal and creates high-quality literary contents;
∙ offers distinguished lectures and activities accessible to the public.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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2. Milestones
Feb. 1993
May 1994
Nov. 1994
Sep. 1995
Jun. 1996
Nov. 1996
Jan. 1997
Apr. 1997
May 1998
Oct. 1998
Dec. 1999
Jan. 2001
Apr. 2001
Jul. 2001
Aug. 2001
Mar. 2003
Jun. 2003
Apr. 2004
Forms the International Planning Committee (IPC)
IPC recommends Korea as the host of the APCTP headquarters.
Association for Science Cooperation in Asia (ASCA) endorses the proposal to
host the APCTP in Korea.
UNESCO PAC, IUPAP, and AAPPS endorse the proposal for APCTP.
Inauguration conference and establishment of APCTP
Exchanges Memorandum of Cooperation with ICTP
The president of Korea announces the supports for APCTP at APEC Science
Ministers Meeting in Seoul.
The Board appoints Prof. C. N. Yang (1957 Nobel Laureate for Physics) as the
1st President and Chairman.
APCTP Foundation is registered at the Korean Ministry of Science &
Technology.
Biannual APCTP Bulletin launched
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with CRM
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with NCTS
Opens an annex building in Kangnam-gu, Seoul for KFAS
Activity-Financing Contract between UNESCO and APCTP
Prof. A. Arima (Former Minister of Education of Japan) elected as the 2nd
Chairman of the Board of Trustees
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with PIMS
APCTP Headquarters move to POSTECH.
Seoul Branch Office located in the annex building
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with ECT*
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with TPI
The Board appoints Prof. R. B. Laughlin (1998 Novel Laureate for Physics) as
the 2nd President
Nov. 2004
Feb. 2005
Mar. 2005
Jul. 2005
Oct. 2005
Young Scientist Training Program launched
Science Communication program launched
Relocates APCTP headquarters to Hogil Kim Memorial Building 5F POSTECH
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with ITP
APCTP Web journal (Crossroads) launched
Dec. 2005
Jul. 2006
Nov. 2006
Prof. N. V. Hieu elected as the 3rd Chairman of the Board
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with JINR
APCTP 10th Anniversary
APCTP Status Report 2011
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Nov. 2006
Nov. 2006
Jan. 2007
Mar. 2007
Aug. 2007
Oct. 2007
Mar. 2008
Jun. 2008
Oct. 2008
Oct. 2008
Nov. 2008
Jan. 2009
Apr. 2009
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with RIKEN
Admits Lao PDR and Mongolia as new members of the APCTP
Exchanges MOU with IPNS/KEK
The Board appoints Prof. P. Fulde as the 3rd President
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with YITP
Renews Agreement of Collaboration with ICTP
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration between APCTP, MPG and POSTECH
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with IOP, ISSP
Admits India as a new member of APCTP
Junior Research Groups (JRG) launched
Jun. 2009
Mar. 2010
Apr. 2010
Opens a new wing on JRG
Renews Agreement of Collaboration with TPI
Exchanges Letter of Agreement between ASEAN and APCTP
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with AAPPS
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with IOP/VAST
Exchanges Agreement on the Consortium of Asian Physics Institutions
(KITPC/ITP, ICTS, IPNS/KEK, CQUeST, KIAS, APCTP)
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with PI
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with ITAP
Prof. Won Namkung elected as the 4th Chairman of the Board
Dec. 2010
Apr. 2011
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with ThEP
Exchanges Agreement of Collaboration with NBIA/NBI
Admits Uzbekistan as a new member of APCTP
APCTP Status Report 2011
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3. Organization Chart
■ Board of Trustees: 17 members including two Auditors
- Chairman (Won Namkung, USA)
- President (Peter Fulde, Germany)
- Standing Trustee (Doochul Kim, Korea)
- Executive Director (Seunghwan Kim, Korea)
■ General Council: 21 representatives from 14 member countries
■Science Council: 7 world-renowned scholars including the president
Auditor
Board of Trustees
Special Advisor
President
General Council
Science Council
KPS APCTP
Committee
Research
Division
APCTP Status Report 2011
Executive
Director
Scientific
Division
Science Culture
Activity Division
Administration
Bureau
9
4. Member Countries and Entities
■ Australia: Australia Research Council (ARC)
■ Beijing: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)
■ India: India Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS)
■ Japan: RIKEN
■ Korea: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
■ Lao PDR: Research Institute of Science, Science Technology
& Environment Agency (RIS-STEA)
■ Malaysia: Malaysian Institute of Physics (MIP)
■ Mongolia: The Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS)
■ Philippines: National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP)
■ Singapore: World Scientific Co.
■ Taipei: Academia Sinica
■ Thailand: National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT)
■ Vietnam: Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (VAST)
■ Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan Academy of Science (UAS)
APCTP Status Report 2011
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5. International Agreements
■ ICTP (The International Center for Theoretical Physics)
■ CRM (Le Center De Recherches Mathematiques)
■ NCTS (National Center for Theoretical Science)
■ PIMS (The Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences)
■ ECT* (The European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas)
■ TPI (The Theoretical Physics Institute of the University of Alberta)
■ ITP (Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences)
■ MPI-PKS (Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems)
■ JINR (The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research)
■ IPNS/KEK (The Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies,
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK)
■ YITP (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)
■ MPG (Max Planck Society)
■ IOP/CAS (The Institute of Physics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences)
■ ISSP (The Institute for Solid State Physics of the University of Tokyo)
■ AAPPS (The Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies)
■IOP/VAST (The Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology)
■ PI (Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics)
■ ITAP (Institute of Theoretical and Applied Physics)
■ ThEP (Thailand Center for Excellence in Physics)
■ NBIA (Niels Bohr International Academy)
■ Consortium of Asian Physics Institutions
(KITPC/ITP, ICTS, IPNS/KEK, CQUeST, KIAS, APCTP)
6. List of APCTP members
APCTP Status Report 2011
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▣ Board of Trustees
Position
Name
Nationality
Affiliation
Pohang University of Science
& Technology
Chairman
Won Namkung
USA
President
Peter Fulde
Germany
Standing
Trustee
Doochul Kim
Korea
Trustee
Seunghwan Kim
Korea
〃
Seung Jong Lee
Korea
〃
Sung-Chul Shin
Korea
〃
Kazuo Fujikawa
Japan
Nihon University
Korea
Yonsei University
Korea
Sungkyunkwan University
Max Planck Institute for the
Physics of Complex Systems
Seoul National University
President of KIAS
Executive Director of APCTP
Pohang University of Science
& Technology
President of National Research
Foundation of Korea
President of the Korean
Physical Society
Term
Apr. 4, 2010
-Apr. 3, 2013
Apr. 4, 2010
-Apr. 3, 2013
Ex Officio
Apr. 4, 2010
-Apr. 3, 2013
Apr. 4, 2010
-Apr. 3, 2013
Ex Officio
Ex Officio
Ex Officio
Apr. 5, 2009
-Apr. 4, 2012
Apr. 4, 2010
-Apr. 3, 2013
〃
〃
Chung Nam
Whang
Byung-taik Kim
〃
Sooyoung Chang
Korea
Pohang University of Science
& Technology
〃
〃
Maw-Kuen Wu
Taipei
Academia Sinica
〃
〃
Paul Anthony
Pearce
Australia
University of Melbourne
〃
〃
Yue-Liang Wu
Beijing
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Chinese Academy of Sciences
〃
〃
Hee Sung Song
Korea
Seoul National University
〃
〃
Nguyen Van Hieu
Vietnam
Vietnamese Academy of
Science and Technology (VAST)
〃
Auditor
Bum-Hoon Lee
Korea
Sogang University
Apr. 2, 2011
-Apr. 1, 2013
〃
Mari Aoki
Japan
RIKEN
Apr. 2, 2011
-Apr. 1, 2013
〃
▣ General Council Members
APCTP Status Report 2011
12
Nationality
Name
Australia
Murray Batchelor
Affiliation
The Australian National
University
Zhong-can Ou-Yang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Gui Lu Long
Tsinghua University
Yue-Liang Wu
<Chairman>
Institute of Theoretical Physics
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Akira Furusaki
RIKEN Advanced Science Institute
Noboru Kawamoto
Hokkaido University
Tsukasa Tada
RIKEN Nishina Center
Sang-Jin Sin
Hanyang University
Moo-Young Choi
Seoul National University
Han-Yong Choi
Sungkyunkwan University
Lao PDR
Sourioudong Sundara
Science Technology and
Environment Agency (STEA)
Malaysia
Swee Ping Chia
University of Malaya
Mongolia
T. Galbaatar
Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Philippines
Cesar Beloy P. Palisoc
University of the Philippines
Singapore
Kok Khoo Phua
Nanyang Technological University
Thailand
Sukit Limpijumnong
Suranaree University of
Technology
Xiao-Gang He
National Tsing Hua University
Sungkit Yip
Academia Sinica
Beijing
Japan
Korea
Taipei
India
Soumitra Sengupta
Vietnam
Nguyen Hong Quang
Uzbekistan
Mirzayusuf
Musakhanov
Indian Association for the
Cultivation of Science (IACS)
Vietnamese Academy of Science
and Technology (VAST)
Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences
Term
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Apr. 4, 2010
-Apr. 3, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Apr. 2, 2011
-Apr. 1, 2014
Jan. 1, 2011
-Dec. 31, 2013
Apr. 1, 2011
-Mar. 31, 2014
▣ Science Council Members
APCTP Status Report 2011
13
Name
Peter Fulde
Nationality
Germany
Ganapathy Baskaran
India
Yu Lu
Kazuo Ueda
Fu Chun Zhang
Beijing
Japan
Hong Kong
Steven G. Louie
U.S.A
Spenta Wadia
India
Affiliation
President of APCTP
Institute of Mathematical
Sciences
ITP/CAS
ISSP
University of Hong Kong
University of California at
Berkeley
Tata Institute of
Fundamental Research
Term
Ex Officio
Mar.1, 2008
-Feb. 28, 2013
〃
〃
〃
Jul. 1, 2009
-Jun. 30, 2014
Sep. 1, 2010
-Aug. 31, 2015
▣ Program Coordinators
Name
Nationality
Affiliation
Term
Hawoong Jeong
Korea
KAIST
Aug.1, 2010 - Jul. 31, 2012
Chang-hwan Lee
Korea
Busan National University
Aug.1, 2010 - Jul. 31, 2012
Jung Hoon Han
Korea
Sungkyunkwan University
Jan. 1, 2012 - Dec. 31, 2013
Jae-mo Park
Korea
POSTECH
Jan. 1, 2012 - Dec. 31, 2013
▣ Science Culture Committee
Name
Nationality
Affiliation
Term
Hyungtae Kook
Korea
Kyungwon Univ.
Mar. 1, 2011 - Feb. 28, 2013
Sangjoon Park
Korea
POSTECH
Mar. 1, 2012 - Feb. 28, 2014
Sang- Wook Kim
Korea
Busan National University
Sep. 1, 2010 - Aug. 31, 2012
Myung-Hyun Rhee
Korea
Yonsei University
Jan. 1, 2012 - Dec. 31, 2013
▣ Special Advisor
Name
Yunkyu Bang
III.
Nationality
Affiliation
Term
Korea
Chonnam National University Nov. 12, 2010 - Apr. 3, 2013
APCTP Activities in 2011
APCTP Status Report 2011
14
1. Summary of APCTP Activities in 2011
2. Statistics of APCTP Activities in 2011
2-1. APCTP Budget
2-2. APCTP Visitors in 2011
2-3. Statistics of Research
2-4. On-line Web-journal “Crossroads”
1. Summary of APCTP Activities in 2011
1-1. Scientific Activities
APCTP Status Report 2011
15

Topical Research Programs: 13 programs, 27 TRP Mini-workshops etc.
Schools: 4
Conferences & Workshops: 12
Focus Programs: 4
Joint Activities: 7
- BLTP JINR, Consortium of Asian Physics Institutions, IACS, ICTP, ITAP and TPIYITP
External Activities: 10
- Australia, Beijing, Japan, Taipei and Vietnam
Distinguished Lectures: 5

Paper: 30 reprints






1-2. Research Programs



Junior Research Groups (JRG): 8 JRGs & 1 Research professor
- Leader, JRG & NRF members: 26 persons
- Scientific Activities
; 78 Visitors, 4 Workshops (119 participants), 47 Seminars, 32 Discussion meeting
Young Scientist Training Program (YST): 9 persons
AP Scholars for Joint Research: 6 persons
Visiting Programs: 20 visitors

Paper: 45 reprints

1-3. Scientific Outreach Programs


Publication
- A monthly on-line Web-journal “Crossroads”
Forums, Lectures, Schools, etc.
- Science Communication Forum/Lecture (4)
- Science Communication Summer School
- Physics in Library (12)
- “Best Science Book 10” selected by APCTP
- Science in City Hall held with Pohang City (2)
- The 8th Pohang Family Science Festival held with Pohang City
1-4. International Agreements

UAS (Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences), Uzbekistan, April
- To promote scientist exchange and research collaboration.
APCTP Status Report 2011
16
-
To enhance joint academic activities among member countries.
2. Statistics of APCTP Activities in 2011
2-1. APCTP Budget
■ Budget Summary
APCTP Status Report 2011
17
(Unit: Million KRW)
′96 ~ ′08
2009
2010
2011
2012
11,790
2,415
2,415
2,415
2,915
Local (Gyeongsangbuk-do, Pohang)
170
170
170
170
170
MPG (Germany)
400
540
510
465
465
POSTECH
1,820
300
300
350
378
Other
3,350
75
75
100
100
Total
17,530
3,500
3,470
3,500
4,028
Items
Korean Government
※ Local budget supports the JRG since 2008.
※ MPG provides € 300,000 EUR per year.
- 2009 Exchange rate: € 1 EUR=\1,800 KRW
- 2010 Exchange rate: € 1 EUR=\1,700 KRW
- 2011/2012 Exchange rate: € 1 EUR=\1,550 KRW
■ Budget in detail
G: Government, P: POSTECH, O: Other
Items
(Unit: Million KRW)
2011
P
O
G
Total
G
2012
P
O
Total
Personnel
535
-
202
737
635
-
230
865
Scientific Activities
537
-
-
537
558
-
-
558
International Cooperation
723
-
488
1,211
1,037
-
454
1,491
AP Scientist Network
113
-
20
133
124
-
20
144
Rent and Infrastructure
Consumptions and
Commission
94
350
-
444
93
378
17
488
35
-
10
45
25
-
14
39
Bulletin etc
6
-
-
6
6
-
-
6
Programs related Activities
26
-
-
26
20
-
-
20
Indirect Expenses
346
350
15
361
417
378
-
417
735
4,028
Total
2,415
735
3,500 2,915
※ Infrastructure provided by POSTECH.
APCTP Status Report 2011
18
2-2. APCTP Visitors in 2011
■ Number of APCTP Visitors in 2011
Member Country
Non Member
Number
Country
of
Women
Korea
Others
1,863
434
331
291
2,628
(71%)
(16%)
(13%)
(11%)
* Number of visitors (APCTP Headquarters, Pohang): 1,146 persons
* Number of visitors (APCTP Seoul Branch Office): 98 persons
* Number of participants and visitors (Other place): 1,384 persons
Total
■ APCTP Visitors in 2011 by region
Region
East Asia
South East Asia
and the Pacific
Middle and South
Asia
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
North America
Latin America
Africa
Total
APCTP Status Report 2011
Countries
Beijing, Japan, Korea,
Mongolia, Taipei
Australia, New Zealand,
Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore,
Thailand, Vietnam
India, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan,
Lebanon, Pakistan, Turkey,
Uzbekistan
Armenia, Bulgaria, Hungary,
Poland, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine
Austria, Belgium, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany,
Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
Portugal, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, UK
Canada, USA
Visitors (persons)
Ratio (%)
2,206
83.94
Brazil, Colombia, Mexico
Ethiopia, Kenya, Egypt,
South Africa
48
1.83
73
2.78
35
1.33
159
6.05
95
3.61
8
0.30
4
0.15
2,628
100
19
2-3. Statistics of Research
■ Number of Faculty and Researchers
Number of Faculty and Researchers
Prof.
Dr.
PhD. Stud.
Total
Program
Person
Month1)
JRG2)
10
11
5
26
221.00
YST
-
9
-
9
54.5
AP Scholars
6
-
-
6
36.75
5
41
312.25
Total
16
20
1) Person Month (PM): 1PM=28days
2) Including NRF researcher (2person)
※ Proportion of females: 14%
Item
Korea
Persons
16
Member Countries
Beijing Japan
India
4
5
3
Etc.1)
Non member
countries2)
Total
4
3
35
Percentage 46%
11%
14%
9%
11%
9%
1) Member countries: Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam
2) Non member countries: France, Germany, Romania
100%
■ Reprint of APCTP
Item
Reprint
APCTP members
45
100 %
3.433
Supported by APCTP
30
100 %
4.42
Total
75
100 %
3.875
APCTP Status Report 2011
SCI
Impact Factor
20
2-4. On-line Web-journal “Crossroads”
■ Total Number of Visitors and Page Views from 2009 to 2011
350,000
294,123
300,000
279,637
292,593
250,000
275,312
232,254
200,000
Total Visitors
167,064
150,000
Total Page Views
100,000
50,000
2009
2010
2011
■ The Number of Visitors Worldwide in 2011
128,426
29,123
358
USA
46,702
2011
Visitors
Korea
3,800
Japan
Canada
12,035
482
Beijing
UK
386
Germany
Etc.
1
APCTP Status Report 2011
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000 1,000,000
21
IV. Reports of Scientific Activities in 2011
1. Summary of Scientific Activities
2. Report of Scientific Activities
2-1. Topical Research Programs
2-2. Schools
2-3. Conferences & Workshops
2-4.
APCTP Status Report 2011
Focus Programs
22
1. Summary of Scientific Activities
1-1. Programs and Visitors of Scientific Activities
2009
Item
2010
Non
M/C4)
P
K
2011
Non
M/C
M/C
P
K
M/C
Non
M/C
P1)
K2) M/C3)
11
900
131
67
12
876
36
34
13
850
66
37
9
471
61
24
8
428
73
37
4
216
16
11
8
351
54
72
8
550
180
76
12
483
220
215
4
63
24
27
4
66
17
31
4
57
19
22
9
109
311
402
9
138
326
237
7
106
201
403
External Activities 11 94 1077 308 10
99 964
1) P: Number of Programs
2) K: Korean Visitors
3) M/C: Visitors from Member Countries excluding Korea
4) Non M/C: Visitors from Non Member Countries
265
10
102
790
131
Topical Research
Programs
Schools
Conferences
& Workshops
Focus
Programs
Joint Activities
1-2. Publications of Scientific Activities
■ 30 Reprints (SCI: 30 reprints, IF: 4.42)
1-3. List of Scientific Activities
■ Topical Research Programs (13)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
String Theory and Cosmology
Frontiers in electronic quantum matter (FeQM)
Quantum Coherence and Correlations in Mesoscopic and Nano-Structure Systems
Emergent Material Research
Research on quantum functional materials
Statistical Physics of Disordered, Non-equilibrium and Complex Systems
(7) Molecular Dynamics Simulation in nano/bio systems
(8) Computational Brain Dynamics Meeting
(9) New perspectives on sQGP (Strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma)
(10) Computational Approaches in Gravitation and Astrophysics
(11) Few-Body Physics from MeV to TeV
(12) Recent Progresses in Dark-Universe and Astrophysics: Forefront Problems at
the intersection of Astrophysics, Cosmology, Nuclear Physics
(13) The Direction of Physics Education in 21st Century
APCTP Status Report 2011
23
■ TRP Mini-Workshops (27)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Heavy Ion Meeting 2011-02, Muju Resort, Jeonpook, Feb. 27- Mar. 01
99th Numerical Simulation Working Group Mini-workshop, KISTI, Daejeon, Mar. 4-5
String Theory and Cosmology, APCTP Seoul Branch Office, Seoul, Mar. 19
The 100th Meeting of Numerical Simulation Working Group, Rosefarm Pension,
Chungnam, Apr. 29-30
(5) Hadron Physcis Meeting(HaPhy2011-5), APCTP, Pohang, May 27-28
(6) The 38th Workshop on Gravitation and Numerical Relativity, APCTP Seoul
Branch Office, Seoul, May 27-28
(7) Heavy Ion Meeting 2011-06, Korea Univ., Seoul, Jun. 10
(8) The 101th Meeting of Numerical Simulation Working Group, KISTI, Daejeon,
Jun. 23
(9) International Workshop on "String Theory and Cosmology", Haeundae Grand
Hotel, Busan, Jun. 23-25
(10) 2011 APCTP Summer Workshop on Frontiers in Electronic Quantum Matter,
Yongpyeong Resort, Gangwondo, Jun. 28-29
(11) The 7th Emergent Materials Research Meeting, POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Jul.
13
(12) SKKU-APCTP International Symposium on Heavy Electrons and Novel
Quantum Phases, Sungkyunkwan Univ., Kyunggido, Aug. 16-18
(13) HaPhy2011-8 International Workshop: QCD and Few-Body Systems, Korea
Aerospace Univ, Kyunggido, Aug. 20
(14) 2011 Mini-workshop on Computational Neuroscience, Daejeon Convention
Cente, Daejeon, Aug. 26
(15) 102th Meeting of Numerical Simulation Working Group, APCTP Seoul Branch
Office, Seoul, Aug. 31
(16) Heavy Ion Meeting 2011-09, KIAS, Seoul, Sep. 10
(17) 103th Meeting of Numerical Simulation Working Group, KISTI, Deajoen, Sep.
30
(18) APCTP Mini-workshop on Computational Neuroscience, APCTP, Pohang, Nov. 5
(19) The 11th APCTP Workshop on String Theory and Cosmology, APCTP Seoul
Branch Office, Seoul, Nov. 5
(20) The 39th Workshop on Gravitation and Numerical Relativity, APCTP Seoul
Branch Office, Seoul, Nov. 10 - 12
(21) 24th Workshop on Nanoscale and Mesoscopic Systems, APCTP, Pohang, Nov. 2425
(22) The 30th MDRG Mini-Workshop, Supercomputing center, KISTI, Daejeon, Nov. 28-29
(23) Asia-Pacific International Workshop on Physics Education (AIPE2011), Ewha
APCTP Status Report 2011
24
Womans Univ. Seoul, Dec. 2-3
(24) 2011 Mini-Workshop on Computational Neuroscience, KAIST, Daejeon, Dec. 6
(25) Hadron Physcis Meeting(HaPhy2011-12), Kyungpook Nat'l Univ, Daegu, Dec. 9
(26) APCTP Mini-Workshop on Recent Progresses in Dark Universe and AstroParticle Physics, APCTP Seoul Branch Office, Seoul, Dec. 9-10
(27) Heavy Ion Meeting 2011-12, Yonsei Univ., Seoul, Dec. 10
■ Schools (4)
(1)
8th KIAS-APCTP Winter School on Statistical Physics, Phoenix Park,
Gangwondo, Jan. 24-28
(2)
(3)
Nuclear Physics School 2011, APCTP, Pohang, Jun. 27-Jul.1
The 11th Summer Institute for Theoretical Physics, Alpensia Resort, Pyeongchang,
Jul. 31 - Aug. 6
2011 Int'l School on Numerical Relativity and Gravitational Waves, APCTP,
Pohang, Jul. 27-Aug.3
(4)
■ Conferences and Workshops (12)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
2011 APCTP Winter Workshop on Frontiers in electronic quantum matter
(FeQM), POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Feb. 16-19
Hadron Nuclear Physics 2011 “Quarks in hadrons, nuclei, and hadronic matter”,
POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Feb. 21-24
Astro.Particle.Conformal-Topical Physics (A.P.C.T.P) Wimter School-2011,
APCTP, Pohang, Feb. 24-26
International Workshop on Microcavities and their Applications (WOMA 2011),
Pusan Nat'l Univ. Busan, May 24-27
The 4th Workshop for Emergent Materials Research, POSCO Int'l Center,
Pohang, Jul. 11-13
Localisation 2011 Satellite Conference to LT26 Beijing, POSCO Int'l Center,
Pohang, Aug. 4-7
New Frontiers of Low temperature Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, Aug. 19-22
(8)
(9)
APCTP 2011 LHC Physics Workshop at Korea, Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Aug. 9-11
The Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics 2011,
Sungkyunkwan Univ., Seoul, Aug. 22-26
(10) 34th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT34), POSCO
Int'l Center, Pohang, Nov. 7-11
(11) 6th Korean Astrophysics Workshop on “ Fundamental Processes of
Astrophysical Turbulence”, POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Nov. 16-19
(12) The 6th APCTP-KAIST School for Brain Dynamics, Daejeon Convention Center,
APCTP Status Report 2011
25
Daejeon, Dec. 5
■ Focus Programs (4)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
APCTP-IEU Focus Program on Cosmology and Fundamental Physics 2, APCTP,
Pohang, Jun. 6-18
2nd Year of APCTP-WCU Focus program “From dense matter to compact stars
in QCD and in hQCD”, APCTP, Pohang, May 24-Jun. 4
Nonequilibrium Transport in a Mesoscopic System, APCTP, Pohang, Sep. 14-27
Liouville, Integrability and Branes (6), APCTP, Pohang, Dec. 1-14
■ Joint Activities (7)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
BLTP JINR (1)
- 5th APCTP- BLTP JINR Joint Workshop 2011, BLTP, JINR, Dubna, Russia, May
16-21
Consortium of Asian Physics Institutions (1)
- 5th APCTP- BLTP JINR Joint Workshop 2011, Suite Hotel, Jeju, Jan. 10-17
IACS (1)
- 3rd IACS-APCTP International Conference on Physics of Novel and Emerging
Materials, IACS, Kolkata, India, Nov. 15-17
ICTS (2)
- 15th International Workshop on Computational Physics and Materials
Science: Total Energy and Force Methods, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, Jan. 13-15
- Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics, ICTP, Trieste, Italy,
Mar. 28-Apr. 5
ITAP(1)
- Eurasia-Pacific Summer School and Conference on Strongly Correlated
Systems, BLTP, JINR, Dubna, Russia, Jul 4-14
TPI-TPI (1)
- APCTP-TPI-YITP Joint Workshop Black Holes: New Horizons, Banff
International Research Station, Canada, Nov. 20-25
■ External Activities (10)
(1)
(2)
Australia (1)
- 2nd Asia-Pacific Summer School in Mathematical Physics, The Australian
National Univ., Dec. 12-16
Beijing (1)
(3)
- 2011 Shanghai Asia-Pacific School and Workshop on Gravitation, Shanghai
Normal Univ., Shanghai, Jan. 17-19
Japan (3)
APCTP Status Report 2011
26
(4)
(5)
- 3rd APCTP WORKSHOP ON MULTIFERROICS, Waseda Univ., Tokyo Jan. 17-19
- 14th Asian Workshop on First-Principles Electronic Structure Calculations
(ASIAN-14), The Univ. of Tokyo, Oct. 30-Nov. 2
- International Workshop for Young Researchers on Topological Quantum
Phenomena in Condensed Matter with Broken Symmetries, Laforet Biwako,
Shiga, Nov. 1-5
Taipei (1)
- APCosPA Winter School on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National
Taiwan Univ., Jan. 17-28
Vietnam (4)
- 17th Vietnam School of Physics (VSOP), Hue, Jul. 18-24
- International Workshop on Nanotechnology and Applications(IWNA), Vung
Tau, Nov. 10-12
- Xth International Conference on Gravitation, Astrophysics and Cosmology,
Qui Nhon, Qui Nhon, Dec. 17-22
- The third school on physics at the LHC (LHCS-3), Qui Nhon, Dec. 12-17
■ Distinguished Lectures (5)
(1)
Bigbang, Inflation and Quantum Cosmology, Jul. 29
- Misao Sasaki (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics)
(2)
New states of Quantum matter, Aug. 23
- Gordon A Baym (Univ. of Illinois)
Space, time, matter: 90 years later, Sep. 30
- Gabriele Veneziano (College de France)
Scientific and Computational Challenges in Fusion Energy Sciences, Oct. 18
- William M. Tang (Princeton Univ.)
Ultrafast photoinduced dynamics in correlated materials, Nov. 23
- Martin Wolf (Fritz-Haber-Institute of the Max-Planck-Society)
(3)
(4)
(5)
APCTP Status Report 2011
27
2. Report of Scientific Activities
2-1. Topical Research Programs
■ String Theory and Cosmology
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers
Jungjai Lee (Daejin Univ.), Yun-Soo Myung (Inje Univ.), Soonkeon Nam (Kyung
Hee Univ.), Yoonbai Kim (Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Sang-Jin Sin (Hanyang Univ.),
Hang Bae Kim (Hanyang Univ.), Jae-Weon Lee (Jungwon Univ.), Hyun Seok Yang
(KIAS), Qing-Guo Huang (KIAS), Stefano Scopel (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), HyeongChan Kim (Chungju Nat’l Univ.), Sin kyu Kang (Seoul Nat’l Univ. of Tech.),
Inyong Cho (Seoul Nat’l Univ. of Tech.), Youngone Lee (Daejin Univ.)
(3) Scope of Program
This Program includes several seminars and lectures on the subject of string
cosmology, dark matter and dark energy. The main goals of this activity are to
make participants discuss about interesting topics as well as to increase their
general knowledge in string theory and cosmology.
(4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 3 (Participants: 76)
■ Frontiers in electronic quantum matter (FeQM)
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers: Han-Yong Choi(SungKyunKwan Univ.), Changyoung Kim (Yonsei
Univ), Hu-Jong Lee (Postech), Kyungsoon Moon (Yonsei Univ), Kwon Park (KIAS),
Tuson Park (SKKU), Kee Hoon Kim (SNU)
(3) Scope of Program
We will cover the topics such as quantum computing, topological
insulator/superconductor, quantum Hall effect in graphene, pnictide/cuprate
superconductor, and other strongly correlated phenomena. It will be organized
with APCTP winter Workshop and this programs includes small workshop,
joint workshop and seminars.
(4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 2 (Participants: 109)
(5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
This topical program is organized with APCTP winter Workshop every
February. It is to merge Topical program and winter workshop to amplify the
synergy.
APCTP Status Report 2011
28
■ Quantum Coherence and Correlations in Mesoscopic and Nano-Structure
Systems
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers
Choi, Mahn-Soo (Korea Univ.), Choi, Moo Young (Seoul National Univ.), Chung,
Yunchul(Pusan National Univ.), Kang, Kicheon (Chonnam National Univ.), Kim, Ju-Jin
(Chonbuk National Univ.), Kim, Jinhee (Korea Research Institute of Standard and
Sciences), Lee, Hu-Jong (POSTECH, Chairperson), Lee, Hyun-Woo (POSTECH), Park,
Kyung Wan (Univ. of Seoul), Sim, Heungsun (KAIST), Yi, Hangmo (Soongsil Univ.), Yoo,
Kyung-Hwa (Yonsei Univ.), Park, Kwon (KIAS)
(3) Scope of Program
The "Topical Research program on Nanoscale and Mesoscopic Systems" is a
meeting to promote the information exchange, scientific discussions, and
collaborations among scientists working on nanosctures or mesoscopic
systems. Since it was first launched in January 1999, it has been held twice a
year, each time inviting three or four experts in the field as lecturers. It is
intended particularly for lectures rather than seminal talks as in usual
conferences so that the partcipants can learn and discuss the topics
thoroughly.
(4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 88)
(5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
Year- 2011 activities of the topical research program, “Lectures on Nanostructure and Mesoscopic Systems”, were focused on “Topological
Insulators: Recent Developments“. Emphasis were placed on providing
more general and explanatory lectures on the fundamental tools and ways of
describing the recent development of Topological Insulators as well as on
material issues in preparing and characterizing this system. In this program
we invited three lecturers from abroad who are most active and do highimpact research works in the relevant fields for two days. This workshop was
highly beneficial to the joining students and young scientists. That was also
equally beneficial to any established scientists in active research fields.
■ Emergent Material Research
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2010
(2) Organizers
Byung Il Min(POSTECH), Jae-Hoon Park(POSTECH), Je-Geun Park(SungKyunKwan Univ.),
Sang-Wook. Cheong (Rutgers Univ., USA)
(3) Scope of Program
APCTP Status Report 2011
29
Significant progress in materials science of the past decade is associated with
the emerging paradigm of phase complexity and cross-coupling phenomena in
functional, complex materials, in which various physical degrees of freedoms
are intricately coupled and charge carriers are strongly mutually interacting.
Such mutual interactions couple the charge-spin-orbital-lattice of complex
materials and often intricate magnetism and electricity resulting in novel
functionality and/or multifunctional phenomena such as spintronics, quantum
criticality, and magnetoelectricity. The associated length scales for the crosscoupling phenomena can vary in a wide range from a few nanometers to
micrometers, and the relevant energy scales can also vary in a broad range.
Evidently the existence of the competing interactions near phase boundaries
can play an important role in generating the enhanced physical responses.
Scientific understanding of the interrelationship between the phase complexity
and macroscopic physical properties is of prime importance for controlling the
functionality of complex materials.
In present, the world leading material researches are carried out by forming an
interdisciplinary collaborative research network including material synthesis
groups, large scale research facility user groups such as synchrotron radiation
facilities and neutron scattering facilities. Recently, many research groups have
been developed in Nation, and large scale research facilities like Pohang Light
Source (PSL) and Hanaro Neutron Laboratory are also available. Further they
have capability to perform world competitive researches.
I)To build up an interdisciplinary collaborative research network in-Nation
and out-of-Nation involving Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Hanao,
APCTP theory groups, and national and international relevant research groups
II) To stimulate the intimate collaborations and to make collaborative
researches to perform world-leading researches in the emergent material
research.
III) To build up and extend communication channels and exchange programs
with out-of-Nation research networks in Asia-Pacific region and beyond.
IV) To educate and to stimulate young scientists, graduate students and post
docs, to improve research abilities in the emergent materials research.
(4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 53)
(5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): 9 talks and 6 poster presentations
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
(i) Successful organization of high quality presentations and fruitful
discussions.
(ii) Reputed in-Nation invited speakers and poster presentations by young
APCTP Status Report 2011
30
scientists of graduate students.
(iii) Talks and discussion for recent issues of condensed matter physics society:
superconductivity, oxide heterostructures, multiferroicity, topological insulator,
and nano-systems.
(iv) Participants satisfied and delighted on outstanding talks.
(v) Participants actively discussed on the research topics and further direction
of theoretical and experimental approaches.
(vi) Training and presenting brought up research motivations to domestic
graduated students, postdoctoral associates, and young scientists.
(vii) APCTP staffs made all processes of the meeting comfortable and smooth.
All participants thanked for their faithful help and support.
The workshop can be appraised as a very successful meeting in aspects of
quality, organization, and management, and participants truly enjoyed it and
agreed to be eager to participate in the EMR topical program again.
■ Research on quantum functional materials
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers: Jung Hoon Han (SKKU), Kee Hoon Kim (SNU), Kwon Park
(KIAS),Gun Sang Jeon(SNU)
(3) Scientific Activities: Regular Meetings
(4) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others):Reprint 2
■ Statistical Physics of Disordered, Non-equilibrium and Complex Systems
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers: Beom Jun Kim(SungKyunKwan Univ.), Hyunggyu Park (KIAS),
HyukKyu Pak (Pusan Natl. Univ.), Hyungtae Kook (Kyungwon Univ.), HyungChai Jeong (Sejong Univ.), Jeong-Man Park (Catholic Univ.), Jae Dong Noh (U. of
Seoul),
(3) Scope of Program
The monthly meeting on statistical physics has been held for years now, and
established itself already as a traditional activity in Korean statistical physics
community. Thanks to the support from APCTP, we had all seven meeting in
2011. In the monthly meetings on statistical physics, we invited two or three
speakers each time, covering a broad range of subjects including biological and
social systems as well as systems in condensed-matter physics. The speakers
were decided carefully through the discussion among the organizing
committee members of this program, according to the current developments of
the subjects. In 2011, the organizing committee tried to introduce various
APCTP Status Report 2011
31
research topics to the statistical physics community. As a result, various
researchers in other disciplines were invited.
The list of topics discussed in the monthly meetings in 2011 is as follows:
1Directed polymer in random potential with an external driving force
2) Influence of quenched disorder on absorbing phase transitions
3) History of Statistical Physics Monthly Meeting in Korea
4) Single hidden-variable determination of natural rankings in networks and
the sufficiency of incomplete competitions
5) Limiting distributions in critical systems
6) Information filtering: ranking, predicting and recommending
7) New methods, new information, and new insight: cases of single-molecule
biophysical experiments
8) Plasmids at oppositely charged surface
9) The Quest for Absolute Zero: What's in it for us?
10) Quantum Transport in Mesoscopic Systems
11) Temporal network structure and its implications for disease spreading
and control
12) Critical temperatures of the three- and four-state Potts models on the
kagome lattice
13) Free energy landscapes and thermodynamic features from Protein to
DNA based on computational chemistry
14) Ring polymers as model bacterial chromosomes
15) Explosive site percolation on 2D lattice system
16) Characteristics of limit order books
17) Six-state clock model on the square lattice: Fisher zero approach with
Wang-Landau sampling
18) Shape of the explosive percolation I: (dis)continuity
(4) Scientific Activities: Monthly Meeting 7
(5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others):
I. Hyun Keun Lee and Beom Jun Kim , Dissolution of traffic jam via local
interactions , Physica A 390, 4555 (2011)
II. Seung Ki Baek, PetterMinnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim , The Ten Thousand
Kims , New J. Phys. 13, 073036 (2011)
III. Jaegon Um, PetterMinnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim , Synchronization in
interdependent networks , Chaos 21, 025106 (2011)
IV. Seung Ki Baek, HarriMakela, PetterMinnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim , Critical
temperatures of the three- and four-state Potts models on the kagome lattice ,
Phys. Rev. E 83, 061104 (2011)
APCTP Status Report 2011
32
V. Seung Ki Baek, PetterMinnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim ,Kosterlitz-Thouless
transition of magnetic dipoles on the two-dimensional plane , Phys. Rev. B
83,184409 (2011)
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
In end of 2010 program, the organizing committee planned to invite more
Speakers in the area of statistical physics in order to deepen our
Understanding of recent developments in this research area. In particular,
recent huge interest in e.g., (dis)continuity of the percolation transition,
nonequilbrium physics, application of statistical physics approach to other
disciplines will be given a priority in choosing topics in the montly meetings.
The financial support from APCTP for the present TRP was essential for
Invitations of speakers and for fruitful discussions. Especially, talks by
Speakers from other disciplines have broaden the coverage of research areas in
Statistical physics in various topics including nano- and bio-technology,
neurosciences, applied mathematics, physics chemistry, and ecology.
■ Molecular Dynamics Simulation in nano/bio systems
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers: Youngkyun Jung (KISTI)
(3) Scope of Program
The program will be held every month from January to December, 2011 at
KAIST and KISTI or other Universities as a monthly meeting of the MDRG. The
topics of the monthly meeting include seminars, reports of new research
results, and reviews of resent research papers in the subject of the nano/bio
systems. Every meeting, one or two invited speakers and one or two MDRG
members will give their talks.
(4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 11)
(5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): Reprint 2
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
1) Invigoration of Molecular Dynamics Simulation in nano/bio systems
Throughout this Topical Research Program, we provide the MDRG
members with the opportunities to enhance their research ability and
some PhD candidates with the opportunities to obtain the knowledge and
skills in computational science.
2) Starting in collaborations with University of Waterloo (Canada), Harvard
University (USA), Mcgill University (Canada), University of Manchester
(UK) Establish the research topics
3) Establish the research topics
 Fostering MDRG research group
APCTP Status Report 2011
33
 Starting international collaborations
University of Waterloo
Harvard University
University of Machester
 Published good papers
■ Computational Brain Dynamics Meeting
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers
Seunghwan Kim(POSTECH), Dae-shik Kim(KAIST), Myong Won Cho(KIAS),TaeWook Ko(NIMS),Sang-gui Lee(POSTECH), Chang-Woo Shin(APCTP), Jee-hyun
Choi(KIST), Un-chul Lee(Michigan Univ.)
(3) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 3 (Participants: 108)
■ New perspectives on sQGP (Strongly interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma)
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers
Byungsik Hong (Korea Univ.), Ju-Hwan Kang (Yonsei Univ.), Eun-Joo Kim
(Chonbuk Univ.), Youngman Kim (APCTP), Young Il Kwon (Yonsei Univ.), ChangHwan Lee (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Su Houng Lee (Yonsei Univ.), Kang Seog Lee
(Chonnam Univ.), June-Tak Rhee (Konkuk Univ.), Ghi Ryang Shin (Andong
Univ.), Sang Jin Sin (Hanyang Univ.), In-Kwon Yoo (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Jin-Hee
Yoon (Inha Univ.), Inkyu Park (Univ. of Seoul)
(3) Scope of Program
Lattice gauge theory calculation of QCD suggests that the state of the nuclear
matter at high temperature and density to be very different from the normal
nuclear state. To probe this state, relativistic heavy ion collision experiments
have been performed at Brookhaven National Lab, at GSI Germany and at CERN.
The state to be probed will be what existed milliseconds after the Big Bang and
will tell us valuable information about the non perturbative nature of QCD.
Experimental results so far have reveal exciting features of the state and
further experimental as well as theoretical investigations are underway to
understand the states further. In particular, at the on going experiments at
LHC various new data at Jet and heavy quark systems are being accumulated,
and active discussions are underway to understand the nature of this newly
found sate of matter. Furthermore, measurements on v3 is expected to reveal
transport properties of the state, which is now called the quark-gluon plasma.
All these topics were the main theme of the present program
APCTP Status Report 2011
34
Recently, AdS/QCD theories developed from superstring theories are being
actively pursued as these non perturbative theories have the potentials to
describe the strongly interacting state at high temperature and density.
Korean physicists are actively involved in these works and are claiming
international recognition. We have thus integrated such discussions into our
program.
Most of the participants of the present projects have been working on heavy
ion physics for an extended length of their career and thus will be heavily
involved in the physics program in the planned Korean rare isotope
accelerators (KoRIA), which is going to be the first accelerator to be built in
Korea for pure science. Whenever possible, we have therefore included
discussions on the subject. We have dedicated the September program,
which was organized together with the particle physics division of the Korean
Physical Society, in discussing the research topics that can be pursued in KoRIA.
We have invited Prof. T. Hirano from Sophia University, who is the 2011
Zimmanyi prize winner, for a series of lectures on hydrodynamic description of
heavy ion collision and the meaning of v3.
We have tried to make the program flexible to maximally take into account
changing research environment such as the huge input of new data from the
heavy ion programs at LHC, new hydrodynamic description of heavy ion data,
and the beginning of a new era in nuclear physics in Korea, namely the building
of KoRIA.
(4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 4 (Participants: 169)
(5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): Proceeding 1
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
- We have obtained the first set of results from the heavy ion program LHC this
year; jet, heavy quark system, v2 v3. Moreover, the v2 of heavy quark system
were reported from RHIC. One can say that new critical information that can
tell us about the detailed properties of quark-gluon plasma is now available.
In the mist of such exciting times, we have tried to allow for maximal flexibility
to learn about new data as they become available and thus generate new ideas.
By sharing all these ideas, we tried to induce collaboration among theory and
experiments and between different groups.
- We are now responsible to generate world class ideas and results from the
first Korean accelerator KoRIA. We have therefore organized the September
meeting together with the particle physics division of KPS to discuss what
ideas can be pursued at KoRIA. We believe this is the first meeting ground
where we could openly discuss Korean ideas that we can pursue in Korea.
APCTP Status Report 2011
35
- We could discuss and learn in detail about the hydrodynamic description of
heavy ion collision from the expert of the field Prof. T. Hirano, who is also the
2011 Zimmanyi prize winner. This was a rare occasion for the students from
which they could learn the details about the theory and how it is applied to the
recently v3 from heavy ion collision.
■ Computational Approaches in Gravitation and Astrophysics
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers
Gungwon Kang (KISTI), Inyong Cho (Seoul Nat’l Univ. of Tech.), Hee Il Kim (PI)
(Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Hyeong-Chan Kim (Chungju Nat’l Univ.),Sang Pyo Kim
(Kunsan Nat‘l Univ.), Sungwon Kim (Ewha Womans Univ.), Chang-Hwan Lee
(Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Hyung Mok Lee (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Hyung Won Lee (Inje
Univ.), John J. Oh (NIMS)
(3) Scope of Program
The formation, the life, and the death of all astronomical objects, such as the
universe, galaxies, stars, and black holes cannot be explained without
gravitation. Hence, it requires close collaborations between astrophysicists,
astronomers, and cosmologists because of their common ingredient, the
gravity. It also requires highly advanced numerical techniques and large
computational resources for the researchers to study the realistic nature of the
astronomical objects. The goal of this program is to support numerical
relativists and to educate young generations, so that they could contribute to
the understanding of Astrophysics/Astronomy/Cosmology through the close
collaboration with theoretical or observational researchers in these fields.
(4) Scientific Activities: Weekly Group Meeting Jan-July, Mini-Workshop 7
(Participants: 82)
(5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
The main activities of our topical research program consisted of monthly
working group meetings (6 times) , mini-workshops (3 times), and weekly
teleconference meetings of the numerical relativity group. In addition, we had
special journal club to educate new comers in the numerical relativity field. We
would say these all activities were well organized and very successful thanks to
the eagerness of the participants and the organizers.
The series of workshops played important roles where researchers and
students in the fields of Gravity, Cosmology and Astrophysics gathered
together to present their works, share ideas, exchange active discussions and
talk about future developments. Our workshop program has strongly been
APCTP Status Report 2011
36
supported by domestic communities, and the organizers have been putting
considerable efforts for managing the demands from research communities.
We have supported a working group through which actual research work is
actively going on. The program has supported monthly meetings of the
Numerical Simulation Working Group. It has been held 6 times this year, with
7~9 participants per meeting, for them to give their research progress done
during the past month and to drive discussion. To complement the time gap of
the monthly off-line meetings, we have held weekly teleconference via EVO.
Through the activity, the participants could push forward their research very
efficiently. We also had supported a special journal club to educate new comers
in the field of the numerical relativity during the first half of the year. The
participating students in the journal club could finish advanced level of
numerical relativity studies as well as introductory ones with the help of
domestic experts.
International collaborations have been developed actively. This year, we invited
2 active researchers on the magnetohydrodynamics which is a very crucial
ingredient of astrophysical phenomena, such as, core collapsing supernova and
evolution of neutron stars. They participated in our mini-workshop and
introduced recent hot isssues and their numerical techniques. Some domestic
researchers on the hydrodynamics could establish close collaborative
relationship with them. Also some of our members have joined and worked in
the international open source project for the numerical relativity,
Einsteintoolkit, and are actively using the code for binary black hole collision
and binary neutron star merge studies.
The program is running cooperatively. The main financial support comes from
APCTP, but KISTI also supports our program. KISTI has supported the monthly
working group meetings and the workshops. In particular, KISTI, as a
supercomputing center, has also provided the working group members with
computing resources. So, this program has been run excellently well with the
joint supports by sharing their own merits with each other.
A web site (http://www.ksc.re.kr/kcnr/ ) has been accumulating materials for
our activities. Workshop announcements and materials for presentations have
been displayed on this web site so that anyone who is interested in the topic is
able to use it easily.
■ Few-Body Physics from MeV to TeV
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers
APCTP Status Report 2011
37
Ahn, Jung Keun (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Cheoun, Myoung-Ki (Soongsil Univ.), Choi,
Ho-Meoyng (Kyungpook Nat’l Univ,), Choi, Seonho (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Choi, TaeKeun (Yonsei Univ.), Hyun, Chang Ho (Daegu Univ.), Kim, Hyun-Chul (Inha
Univ.), Kim, Kyungsik (Korea Aerospace Univ.), Kim, Wooyoung (Kyungpook
Nat’l Univ.), Lee, Hee Jung (Chungbook Nat’l Univ.), Oh, Yongseok (Kyungpook
Nat’l Univ.),Park, Byung-Yoon (Chungnam Nat’l Univ.), Park, Tae-Sun
(Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Yu, Byung Geel (Korea Aerospace Univ.)
(3) Scope of Program
Nuclear physics covers a wide range of research areas: from the physics of
nuclei to the search for new state of matter made of quarks and gluons. Among
the various research fields in nuclear physics, investigation of few-body
systems has an important and unique role. Studies on few-body systems in
nuclear physics include investigations on the hadron structure through the
dynamics of the underlying quark and gluon degrees of freedom as well as the
understanding of the reaction mechanisms in hadron scattering. This is closely
related to the understanding of the formation of new state of matter, the
quark-gluon plasma (QGP), since the physical quantities related to the signal of
the QGP formation and its properties are observed only through the hadrons
formed from the QGP. Furthermore, those hadrons undergo hadronic
rescattering before they are detected by experimental apparatus. Therefore, it
is natural to have firm knowledge on the effects of hadronic rescattering
before we make decisive conclusions on the interesting phenomena related to
new physics observed in heavy ion collisions. On the other hand,
understanding the formation of nucleus and the nuclear forces from the
underlying theory of strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), is
one of the main goals of nuclear physics. All these aspects of nuclear physics
highly demand the development of few-body physics as the physics for a
system of hadrons. Therefore, few-body systems of hadrons have a key role to
link diverse fields in nuclear physics. In addition to this interdisciplinary
nature, few-body physics has its own value for establishing the theory of
strong interactions such as the mechanism of color confinement and it has
been one of the main goals of the research projects performed/planned at
world-wide facilities and institutions.
This program intended to organize meetings among domestic few-body
physicists and its purpose was to share ideas and new information on the front
edge of the research activities in this field. More importantly, this program
aims to provide corner stones for international collaborations by inviting
foreign scholars to mini-workshop programs. We have organized three miniAPCTP Status Report 2011
38
workshops in 2011 with the subtitles, “Strangeness Physics at J-PARC”, “QCD
and Few-Body Systems”, and “N* Problems.” The first meeting “Strangeness
Physics at J-PARC” was held at APCTP with the joint support from the Korean
J-PARC user community. In this meeting, 6 Japanese scholars were invited to
give recent activities in the strangeness project at J-PARC. The second meeting
“QCD and Few-Body Systems” was held at Korea Aerospace University as a
satellite meeting of the 5th Asia Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in
Physics that was held in Seoul. In the 2nd meeting, 7 invited speakers presented
recent works on the field of few-body problems in hadron physics. The third
meeting “N* Problems” was organized to give recent information on the search
for new baryon resonances and to initiate international collaborations in this
active field.
(4) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 3 (Participants: 81)
(5) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others): Reprint 1
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
■ Recent Progresses in Dark-Universe and Astrophysics: Forefront Problems at
the intersection of Astrophysics, Cosmology, Nuclear Physics
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers
Yong-Yeon Keum (IEU,Ewha Womans Univ.) , Sungwon Kim (Ewha Womans
Univ.), Chang-Hwan Lee (Pusan Nat'l Univ. and APCTP), Jai-Chan Hwang (KNU),
Sangpyo Kim (Kunsan Univ.) , Sinkyu Kang (SNUT), Teppei Okumura (IEU,Ewha
Womans Univ.), Yong Seon Song (KIAS), Seoktae Koh (Sogang Univ.), Donghee
Kim (KNU), Jaesam Kim (POSTECH),HongJoo Kim (KNU), Tae-Hoon Lee
(Sungsil Univ.), Kyungjin Ahn (Chosun Univ.), Jeong-Yeon Lee (Sejong Univ.),
Hongsu Kim (KASI), Il-Hung Park (Ewha Womans Univ.), Inyong Cho (SNUT),
Shigehiro Nagataki (YITP,JAPAN), Taka Kajino(NAOJ,JAPAN)
(3) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 18)
■ International Conference on Physics Education - The Direction of Physics
Education in 21st
(1) Period: Jan.1-Dec.31, 2011
(2) Organizers
Hong Soo Choi (Gyeongsang Nat'l Univ.), Chae Ok Kim (Hanyang Univ.),Joe
Krajcik (Univ. of Michigan & Ewha Womans Univ.), K. Kitahara (ICU, Japan),
Sung Muk Lee (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Seung Jae Park (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Sung-Won
Kim (Ewha Womans Univ.), Jean-Soo Chung (Chungbuk Nat'l Univ.), Chan-Soo
APCTP Status Report 2011
39
Jee (Kangwon Nat'l Univ.), Dong Ryul Jeon (Seoul Nat'l Univ.),Young-Min Kim
(Pusan Nat'l Univ.), Hyunjoo Lee (Ewha Womans Univ.), Won Kun Oh
(Chungbuk Nat'l Univ.), Yune Bae Park (Kyungpook Nat'l Univ.), Byung Yoon
Park (Chungnam Nat'l Univ.) ,Jong-Won Park (Choonam Nat'l Univ.)
(3) Scientific Activities: Mini-Workshop 1 (Participants: 99)
(4) Results (Reprint, Proceedings & Others) : Total 51 talks (23 oral presentation
and 28 poster presentations)
(5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
It was a successful international workshop, because the number of the formal
registered participants is 113 that was quite big comparing to the size of the
physics education community. The foreign invited speakers are four wellknown physics educators from Japan, Singapore, and USA. The number of
presented papers is over than fifty and the qualities are very high including
poster session. According to the data, it was so successful that the members of
the community were satisfied and felt thanks to APCTP for financial support.
APCTP Status Report 2011
40
2-2. Schools
■ 8th APCTP-KIAS Winter School on Statistical Physics
(1) Period: Jan. 24 - 28, 2011
(2) Venue: Phoenix Park, Gangwondo, Korea
(3) Organizers: Jae Dong Noh (Univ. of Seoul), Hyuk Kyu Pak (Pusan Nat’l Univ.),
Yup Kim (Kyunghee Univ.), Hyungtae Kook (Kyungwon Univ.), Hyunggyu Park
(KIAS), Beom Jun Kim (Sungkyunkwan Univ.)
(4) Total Participants: 95 persons
(5) Scope of Program
Nonequilibrium statistical physics plays a more and more important role in
studying complex interacting many body systems. In the 8th winter school, we
will provide three lectures given by distinguished speakers: Prof. Su-Chan Park,
Prof. Deok Sun Lee, and Prof. Chulan Kwon. Two lectures will cover theoretical
frameworks for nonequilibrium systems with continuous/discrete degrees of
freedom with some applications to simple model systems. One lecture will
cover a recent progress in understading fluctuation phenomena in
nonequilibrium systems.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
The “Winter School on Statistical Physics” is the annual school organized by
the statistical physics division of the Korean Physical Society in order to
provide advanced courses in statistical physics to domestic graduate students.
The 8th school was focused on the non-equilibrium statistical physics. We
provided three lectures of five hours each. Students were assigned to a small
term project, and they presented their own works in the final date. The quality
of the lectures was very high, and the students participated in the class and
presentation enthusiastically. We evaluate that the winter school was very
successful.
■ Nuclear Physics School 2011 (NPS 2011)
(1) Period: Jun. 27- Jul. 1, 2011
(2) Venue: APCTP Headquarter, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers
Yong Kyun Kim (Hanyang Univ.), Hyun-Chul Kim (Inha Univ.), In-Kwon Yoo
(Pusan Univ.), Jinhee Yoon (Inha Univ.), Seonho Choi (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), SeungWoo Hong(Sungkyunkwan Univ.)
(4) Total Participants: 42persons
(5) Scope of Program
APCTP Status Report 2011
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The “Nuclear Physics School,” conceived by the Korean nuclear physicists to
educate and train domestic students, was first held in 2003 and annually
afterwards, successfully completing its 8th meeting in July 2010. Needless to
say, the future of Korean physics relies on how well the students are educated.
While individual groups continue to train their students in their own fields, to
cover the vast subfields in nuclear physics, systematically, it would be most
effective to combine the efforts through either a winter or a summer school
organized professionally by the Division of Nuclear Physics of Korean Physics
Society. The self-evaluation reports of the School suggest that the level of
research and participation in international conferences of our graduate
students have increased substantially through the education and the benefit of
the School lectures given by the experts and through mutual communications
among the participating students. In Nuclear Physics School 2011, we invite
lecturers who are experts in the fields of hadron physics and relativistic heavy
ion collision. The Nuclear Physics School is designed mainly for the 1st and 2nd
year Ph.D. students, and is modeled after the National Nuclear Physics Summer
School in the USA and/or the summer school self-organized by graduate
students in Japan. It aims at enabling the students to understand the recent
papers published in nuclear physics by educating them the basics of the recent
topics in the field and by leading them carry out independent researches.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
NPS2011 was successfully organized and completed under the support of
APCTP and RAdiation Instruments & SEnsor laboratory (RAISE) of Hanyang
University. Totally 39 students participated in the whole program which was
focused to the hadron physics and relativistic heavy ion collision. The subjects
were selected because the hadron physics and relativistic heavy ion collision
are needed as the basic knowledge for students in nuclear physics. Since this
program covered important features from the theoretical principles to the
practical experimental methods, almost all students were satisfied to take part
in this school.
■ 2011 APCTP International School on Numerical Relativity and Gravitational
Waves
(1) Period: Jul. 28 – Aug. 3, 2011
(2) Venue: APCTP Headquarter, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers
Gungwon Kang (KISTI, Chair), Haeng Jin Jang (KISTI), Hee Il Kim (Seoul Nat'l
Univ.), Chang-Hwan Lee(Pusan Nat'l Univ.), Hyung Won Lee (Inje Univ.), ChunAPCTP Status Report 2011
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Yu Lin(Nat'l Cheng Kung Univ.), Sang Hoon Oh(NIMS), Myeong-Gu Park
(Kyungpook Nat'l Univ.), Yu-ichiro Sekiguchi (YITP)
(4) Total Participants: 62 persons
(5) Scope of Program
We have been holding an international school on Numerical Relativity,
Gravitational Physics, and Gravitational Waves every year in the past five years,
sponsored mainly by the Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP) in
Pohang, Korea. This school is intended to provide in-depth education on the
above subjects to graduate students as well as young scholars in East Asian
Countries including Japan, China, Taiwan and Korea. There will also be a miniworkshop for about one day at which several presentations on recent
progresses in these fields are delivered by participating members, often
including invited lecturers as well. Some of the main topics this year in more
detail are binary (NS-NS, NS-BH and BH-BH) merger simulations, GR
hydrodynamics and star collapse, gravitational wave detection experiments
and gravitational wave data analysis. Most lectures will be pedagogical, subject
to being adjusted upon request, but most of the lecturers will also give talks on
status summaries of the topics at the end of their lectures.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
1) The school was very successful by several measures;
- Excellent lectures delivered
- Active participations and responses by students from east Asian countries
- Two participants from Indonesia and China were supported including
airfares. They would not be able to attend it otherwise and appreciate our
support a lot.
- Successful outreach program: about 200 students, researchers and citizens
attended the public lecture on “Bigbang, Inflation and Quantum Cosmology”
- Strong support from communities and other institutions such as KISTI, YITP
and NIMS
-The school is becoming more stable and has more international features.
The tutorial or demonstration program should be strengthened next time though.
■ 11th Summer Institute for Theoretical Physics
(1) Period: Jul. 31- Aug. 6, 2011
(2) Venue: Alpensia, PyungChang, Korea
(3) Organizers: Piljin Yi (Chair, KIAS), Eungjin Chun (KIAS), Jaemo Park (Postech),
Sangmin Lee (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Hyungdo Kim (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Yoonbai
Kim (SungKyunKwan Univ.)
APCTP Status Report 2011
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(4) Total Participants: 44 persons
(5) Scope of Program
graduate level education aimed at masters students and early Ph.D. students
with prior exposure to quantum field theory
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
This year's SITP attracted some 40 graduate students from all over Korea, with
finest lecturers and topics. One of the main tenet of the Institute is to teach all
manner of high energy physics, regardless of particular subfields students are
aiming at, and we mixed wide varieties of theoretical topics particle cosmology
to exact amplitude computation in N= super Yang-Mills theories. Overall this
kind of exposure is not common in domestic scene, and we believe it to be vital
in producing quality researchers in the long run. Many of the students found
the courses a bit challenging, according to a survey at the end of the school,
although not uniformly so. This is in part due to rather wide varieties of
students, coming from many different educational background. This poses a
challenge for organizers as well when planning for next SITP. With rising cost
of accommodation at the venue, the organizers had to turn away many
prospective students. Holding a school at a remote place like Alpensia has the
obvious advantage of focusing attention of participants, especially when they
are young and from diverse background, but at the same time we must find a
way to keep the cost down and accommodate more students.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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2-3. Conferences & Workshops
■ 2011 APCTP Winter Workshop on Frontiers in Electronic Quantum Matter
(1) Period: Feb. 16-19, 2011
(2) Venue: POSCO International Center, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers: Yunkyu Bang (Chonnam Nat’l Univ.), Alexander V. Balatsky (LANL,
NM), Han-Yong Choi (SungKyunKwan Univ.), Mahn-Soo Choi (Korea Univ.),
Myung Hwa Jeong (Sogang Univ.), Won Nam Kang (SungKyunKwan Univ.),
Changyoung Kim (Yeonsei Univ.), Hu-Jong Lee (POSTECH), Taewon Noh (Seoul
Nat’l Univ.), Jaehoon Park (POSTECH), Je-Geun Park (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), NaiChang Yeh (Caltech)
(4) Total Participants: 77 persons
(5) Scope of Program
Recent years we have seen exciting development in the research of new
superconductors such as Fe-based superconductors as well as new materials
revealing new quantum electronic states. This time, the APCTP workshop on
FEQM will focus on “Unconventional superconductors and related novel
phenomena”. In particular, we dedicate one day memorial symposium (Feb.18,
2011) during the workshop to the late Prof. Sung-Ik Lee’, who has accidentally
passed away early this year. Prof. Sung-Ik Lee was the founding member of our
workshop since 1997 and has played a leading role until his last moment in the
international community of the research of superconductivity such as MgB2
and high-Tc cuprate superconductors.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
This workshop is the most established academic activity on the strongly
correlated electron systems in Korea and now widely recognized also in the
international community. It was the 15th one in series since 1997 and in
particular this year, we had one day special memorial workshop for the late
Prof. Sung-Ik Lee where we invited the co-workers and friend scholars of Prof.
Sung-Ik Lee all over the world. We all shared our bitter loss of Sung-Ik Lee who
was a great condensed matter experimentalist and a founding father of the
Korean condensed matter physics community as well as this APCTP winter
workshop itself since 1997. Also this year we had three English delegate
physicists through the UK-Korean Focal Point program supported by the UK
embassy in Korea: T. G. Perring (ISIS), S. Hayden (Bristol) D. T. Adroja (ISIS).
APCTP Status Report 2011
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■ Hadron Nuclear Physics 2011
(1) Period: Feb. 21 -24, 2011
(2) Venue: POSCO International Center, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers
Jung Keun Ahn (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Hyung Chan Bhang (Seoul Nat’l Univ.),
Myoung-Ki (Soongsil Univ.), Seon Ho Choi (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Seungwoo Hong
(Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Chang-Ho Hyun (Daegu Univ.), Hyun-Chul Kim (Inha
Univ.), Wooyoung Kim (Kyung-Pook Nat’l Univ.), Youngman Kimykim (APCTP),
Chang Hwan Lee (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Su Houng Lee (Yonsei Univ.), Seungil
Nam(Korea Aerospace Univ.), Yongseok Oh(Kyung-Pook Nat’l Univ.), Ulugbek
Yakhshiev(Inha Univ.), In Kwon Yoo(Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Jinhee Yoon (Inha Univ.),
Byung Geel Yu (Korea Aerospace Univ.)
(4) Total Participants: 73 persons
(5) Scope of Program
The workshop on Hadron Nuclear Physics will be held from February 21 to 24,
2011 at APCTP Headquarter, Pohang in Republic of Korea. The workshop is
regarded as a continuation of the workshop “Hadron Nuclear Physics 2009”
held at the RCNP, Osaka, Japan during the period of November 16-19, 2009.
The present workshop will concentrate on quarks in hadrons, nuclei, and
matter. In particular, it will provide a good opportunity to share information
and ideas about recent hot issues such as newly-found exotic hadron states
and novel phenomena in medium, new theoretical tools like AdS/QCD, etc. It
will include presentations of related new data, new analysis techniques, new
experimental facilities, and recent developments of theoretical works. The
HNP2011 is intended to enhance the research collaborations in Eastern Asia.
The proceedings will be published in EPJ Web of Conference.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
As mentioned above, 56 oral talks were presented and 75 physicists from five
different countries participated in the HNP2011, including 16 Japanese and 7
Chinese. Compared to the previous workshops held in Japan and China, the
number of the participants is comparable. Scientifically, the workshop spans
most important and on-going issues in hadronic and nuclear physics. A part of
the talks had also an overlap with the physics programs being carried out by
one of the APCTP Junior Research Groups. In this sense, the workshop was
rather fruitful for the community of nuclear physics in Korea as well as in
China and Japan.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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■ Astro. Particle. Conformal. Topical. Physics (A.P.C.T.P.) Winter School-2011
(1) Period: Feb. 24 -26, 2011
(2) Venue: APCTP Headquarters, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers
Choong Sun Kim (Yonsei Univ., Chair), Kihyeon Cho (KISTI), Seung Joon Hyun
(Yonsei Univ.), Sin Kyu Kang (S.N.U.T.), Young Joon Kwon (Yonsei Univ.), Bum
Hoon Lee (Sogang Univ.), Sun Kun Oh (Konkuk Univ.)
(4) Total Participants: 29persons
(5) Scope of Program
review and lecture the progress of particle physics in general – astrophysics,
particle phenomenology, particle experiment, string theory - recent worldwide
developments in theory and in experiment, hot topics, and etc.
■ Int’l Workshop on Mircrocavities and their Applications 2011 (WOMA 2011)
(1) Period: May 24 – 27, 2011
(2) Venue: Pusan National Univ., Busan, Korea
(3) Organizers
Kyungwon An (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Martina Hentschel (Max-Planck-Institute),
Chil-Min Kim (Sogang Univ.), Sang Wook Kim (Pusan Nat’l Univ.), Hans-Juergen
Stoeckmann (Philipps-Universitaet Marburg)
(4) Total Participants: 43 persons
(5) Scope of Program
- Whisperying gallery modes
- Quantum chaos in microcavities
- Coupled cavities
- Microwave cavities
- Microcavity optomechanics
- Microcavity device and sensor applications
- Nano lasers, microlasers, photonic crystal, LED's
- Cavity QED and circuit QED
- Random lasers
- Quantum information
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
The 2nd International Workshop On Mircrocavities and their Applications
(WOMA) was held in Busan from 24 to 27 August. During the workshop 28
talks and 5 posters have been presented. The scientists from many countries
such as Germany, Japan, US, Canada, etc joined this activity, and discussed the
cutting edge issues in this research field. It has been decided that the next
APCTP Status Report 2011
47
WOMA would be held in China. We believe this meeting gives us an
opportunity to make Korea be a leading country in microcavity science.
■ The 4th Workshop for Emergent Materials Research
(1) Period: Jul. 11 -13, 2011
(2) Venue: POSCO International Center, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers
Byung-Il Min (POSTECH), Jae-Hoon Park (POSTECH), Sang-Wook Cheong
(Rutgers Univ.), Jaejun Yu (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Tae Won Noh (Seoul Nat’l Univ.),
Je-Geun Park (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Liu Hao Tjeng (MPI-CPfS-Dresden), Yoon Hee
Jeong (POSTECH)
(4) Total Participants: 98 persons
(5) Scope of Program
Significant progress in materials science of the past decade is associated with
the emerging paradigm of phase complexity and cross-coupling phenomena in
functional, complex materials, in which various physical degrees of freedoms
are intricately coupled and charge carriers are strongly mutually interacting.
Such mutual interactions couple the charge-spin-orbital-lattice of complex
materials and often induce multifunctional phenomena such as
magnetoelectric effects, which combine the magnetism and ferroelectricity.
The associated length scales for the cross-coupling phenomena can vary in a
wide range from a few nanometers to micrometers, and the relevant energy
scales can also vary in a broad range. Evidently the existence of the competing
interactions near phase boundaries can play an important role in generating
the enhanced physical responses. Scientific understanding of the
interrelationship between the phase complexity and macroscopic physical
properties is of prime importance for controlling the functionality of complex
materials. In present, the world leading material researches are carried out by
forming an interdisciplinary collaborative research network including material
synthesis groups, large scale research facility user groups such as synchrotron
radiation facilities and neutron scattering facilities. Recently, many research
groups have been developed in Nation, and large scale research facilities like
Pohang Light Source (PSL) and Hanaro Neutron Laboratory are also available.
Further they have capability to perform world competitive researches. This
workshop is the 4th workshop. The workshop has been held annually since
2008 with the philosophy of 'current researches of the science in emergent
materials’. A large attendance in the workshop presents a strong hope that the
workshop for the emergent materials research is continued and is eager to
APCTP Status Report 2011
48
participate in the workshop because of the scientific excellence and freshness.
In the 3rd workshop in 2010, 18 invited speakers from Korea, US, Japan, China,
Germany, UK, and Nederland gave world top class lectures on Multiferroics,
Oxide heterostuctures, Novel superconductors, and Topological Insulators,
which are current hop topics in the condensed matter physics society. To
maintain the scientific excellence of the workshop, the talks are given mainly
by the invited speakers, who are the principle leader of each outstanding
research group. Also to stimulate the research activities of young scientists
such as students and post docs, the workshop program will include the
contributed talk and poster presentation sessions. The talks and presentations
covered the newly developed materials and the current experimental results,
and their related theories. The participants are expected to, in advance,
experience the world research trend of the field in this workshop. The
workshop consists of various related theories, new material researches of
synthesis, and most macroscopic and microscopic measurements. Thus the
program is rather interdisciplinary and comprehensive. In such reasons, very
intensive discussions among the different groups are naturally induced during
the workshop, and further the collaborations are greatly stimulated.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
The Workshop was successful not only in preparation and execution but also in
maintaining its high quality of scientific contents. In addition to the
distinguished speakers from USA, we had many top-grade invited speakers as
well as poster presenters from Asain countires delivering current topics in the
fields of electronic structure calculations and materials research. This year the
workshop covered not only computational methodology but also its
applications to real complex materials such as nanomaterials (nanotubes,
graphene, nanowire, topological insulators), semiconductor and energy
materials, metal and alloys, and correlated electron oxide materials. As shown
in the number of participants, this Asian workshop has become a
representative meeting among Asian physics community.
■ Localisation 2011, Satellite Conference of LT26 Beijing
(1) Period: Aug. 4 -7, 2011
(2) Venue: POSCO Int'l Center, POSTECH, Korea
(3) Organizers
Pyungwon Ko (KIAS) ,Beob Kyun Kim (GSDC-KISTI) , Guinyun Kim (Kyungpook
Nat’l Univ.), Inkyu Park (UOS), Jae Mo Park (POSTECH), Jeonghyeon Song
(Konkuk Univ.), Sun Kun Oh (Konkuk Univ.), In-Kwon Yoo (Pusan Nat’l Univ.),
APCTP Status Report 2011
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Jung-Il Lee (Korea Univ.), June-Tak Rhee (Konkuk Univ.), Soonwook Hwang
(KISTI)
(4) Total Participants: 67 persons
(5) Scope of Program
The International Conference Localisation 2011 is the eighth of the series
started in Braunschweig in 1984 and since then held in Tokyo, London, Eugene,
Jasowiecz, Hamburg and Tokyo again and was held as satellite of the LT
conferences. The purpose of the conference is to provide a forum for
discussion of the latest progress on a broad range of topics related to
experiments on and theory of localisation phenomena. The main topics
discussed in the conference include: Quantum transport in disordered systems
(Anderson localisation, effects of interactions on localisation, Anderson-Mott
transition, mesoscopics), Superconductor-Insulator transition, Quantum Hall
effects (fractional and integer),
Topological Insulator, Graphene, Dynamical localisation, Heavy Fermions
(Kondo effect, Kondo lattice, effects of disorder), Many Body localisation (spinglass, Coulomb glass)
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
This was the 8th International Conference Localisation 2011 of the series
started in Braunschweig in 1984 and since then held in Tokyo, London, Eugene,
Jasowiecz, Hamburg and Tokyo again, held as satellite of the LT conferences.
The purpose of the conference was to provide a forum for discussion of the
latest progress on a broad range of topics related to experiments on and theory
of localization phenomena. The main topics discussed in the conference
included: Quantum transport in disordered systems (Anderson localisation,
effects of interactions on localisation, Anderson-Mott transition, mesoscopics),
Superconductor-insulator transition, Quantum Hall effects (fractional and
integer) , Topological insulator, Graphene, Dynamical localisation, Heavy
fermions (Kondo effect, Kondo lattice, effects of disorder), Many body
localization (spin-glass, Coulomb glass). The Speakers were chosen by an
international advisory committee, including two Nobel laureates and all senior
experts of the field. Thus, the presentations were covering the frontier of the
research in this field. The proceedings will be published by World Scientific in
the Journal of Modern Physics.
■ New Frontiers of Low Temperature Physics
(1) Period: Aug. 19 -22, 2011
(2) Venue: KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
APCTP Status Report 2011
50
(3) Organizers
Kyung-Hwa Yoo (Yonsei Univ.), Hu-Jong Lee (POSTECH, Chairman of ULT2011),
Kang-Hun Ahn (Chungnam Nat’l Univ.), Yunchul Chung (Pusan Nat’l Univ.),
Eunseong Kim (KAIST, Co-chair), Kee Hoon Kim (Seoul Nat’l Univ.), Tuson Park
(Sung Kyun Kwan Univ.), Heung-Sun Sim (KAIST)
(4) Total Participants: 170 persons
(5) Scope of Program
ULT2011, the new frontiers of low temperature physics, is one of the satellite
conferences following the International Low Temperature Conference (LT-26),
held in Beijing, China from August 10-17, 2011. In ULT 2011 edition, we also
wish to bring together a broad community of researchers to discuss the
experimental challenges and innovations in the field of low temperature
physics.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
The ULT 2011 conference (Aug. 19-22, KAIST, Daejeon) was one of the satellite
conferences following the International Low Temperature Conference (LT-26),
held in Beijing, China. The aim of this conference was to discuss new physics in
condensed matter systems at low temperatures to identify new research
directions and to discuss technical challenges and innovations. The ULT2011
brought together a broad community of researchers, spanning the field, to
forge links between different experimental communities as well as between
experimentalists and theorists. The ULT 2011 conference was stimulating the
interplay between theory and experiment which has been invaluable in
understanding condensed matter at low temperatures. The ULT2011 followed
the tradition of these earlier meetings; it brought together theorists and
experimentalists actively working in this exciting field, to discuss new ideas
and recent results. The ULT 2011 edition invited a broad community of
researchers to discuss the experimental challenges and to assemble a brilliant
group of minds and to share expertise and lessons, and to pave out a path for
the future use of low temperature technology. The ULT2011 also promoted the
research in the field of low temperature physics by putting together senior
researchers with outstanding experience and promising young researchers
eager to identify new research directions. Young researchers were especially
benefited from communicating with highly qualified senior researchers. A
significant portion of grants was assigned to accepted participants including
graduate students from Southeast Asia and women scientists. The ULT 2011
was the first international low temperature conference to be held in Korea. The
successful manage of the ULT 2011 reflects the growing activities in the fields
APCTP Status Report 2011
51
of low-temperature science and cryogenic technology in Korea.
■ APCTP 2011 LHC Physics Workshop at Korea
(1) Period: Aug. 9 -11, 2011
(2) Venue: Konkuk Univ., Seoul, Korea
(3) Organizers : Pyungwon Ko (KIAS) ,Beob Kyun Kim (GSDC-KISTI) , Guinyun Kim
(Kyungpook Nat Univ), Inkyu Park (UOS), Jae Mo Park (Postech & APCTP,
Program coordinator) , Jeonghyeon Song (Konkun Univ), Sun Kun Oh (Konkuk
Univ), In-Kwon Yoo (Pusan Nat Univ), Jung-Il Lee (Krea University), June-Tak
Rhee (Konkuk Univ), Soonwook Hwang (KISTI)
(4) Total Participants: 82 persons
(5) Scope of Program
As explained in the proposal, it is quite evident that the outcome of the
workshop would contribute to the high energy physics community in the
Asia/Pacific region, not only because the workshop is open to everyone who is
involved in the LHC physics but also because the workshop provides the
opportunity for the participants to communicate, discuss, and distribute their
ideas and initiatives with other people in the region. The experience of the
workshops in last three years have been very fruitful and instructive, in the
sense that many colleagues in the community of Korean high energy physics
have recognized that this workshop is necessary and essential for them. They
assert that, among a number of workshops and conferences that are scattered
all year round, this workshop takes the right place at the right time. Although
the LHC is located in the European continent, and the people at the LHC are
mostly non-Asian, the high energy physicists in the Asia/Pacific region are
quite well qualified, motivated, and interested in the physics that may be
discovered at the LHC. In fact, a lot of physicists of Asia/Pacific origin are
actively working at the LHC in one way or another. And it is true that much
more people are eager to participate in the LHC physics and contribute to our
understanding of the Universe and the world we are living in.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
To all of participants, the fact that this workshop is sponsored by APCTP has
been the most important factor to decide their participation. In this sense,
APCTP is the vital focus of activity in high energy physics in Korea, otherwise it
is isolated geographically from other parts of the world. This year is the fourth
consecutive year to held the workshop. The number of participants has been
increased significantly. Although the workshop has been held during the
summer holiday season, many Korean researchers as well as participants from
APCTP Status Report 2011
52
abroad have attended at the workshop. Among the participants have been
some key figures in the Korea-CERN project, including PI of Ko-ALICE team, PI
of KISTI Tier-2 Center for ALICE, PI of KNU Tier-2 Center for CMS, and Dr
Rudiger Voss of CERN, the CERN Coordinator for Korea. Only a few physicists in
Asia region have attended the workshop. It is much desirable to attract more
physicists from other Asian countries who are also involved in the CERN
experiments. This workshop is unique in its kind in the Asia-Pacific region,
while a number of workshops of similar scope and nature take place in the
European continent. Therefore, it is very crucial to develop this workshop into
a truly Asia-Pacific workshop where interested physicists may feel free to
participate and form a gross cluster of community of LHC physics.
■ The Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics
(1) Period: Aug. 22 - 26, 2011
(2) Venue: Sungkyunkwan Univ., Seoul, Korea
(3) Organizers : Jung Keun Ahn (Pusan Nat'l Univ.), Hyeongchan Bhang (Seoul Nat'l
Univ.), Myoung-Ki Cheoun (Soongsil Univ.), Seonho Choi (Seoul Nat'l Univ.),
Seung-Woo Hong (Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Chang Ho Hyun (Daegu Univ.), HyunChul Kim (Inha Univ.) (Co-chair), Youngman Kim (APCTP), Wooyoung Kim
(Kyungpook Nat'l Univ.), Seung-il Nam (Korea Aerospace Univ.), Yongseok Oh
(Kyungpook Nat'l Univ.), Byung-Yoon Park (Chungnam Nat'l Univ.) (Co-chair),
Tae-Sun Park (Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Jin-Hee Yoon (Inha Univ.), Byung Geel Yu
(Korea Aerospace Univ.)
(4) Total Participants: 113 persons
(5) Scope of Program
Scope of Program: The Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in
Physics aims at bringing together theoretical and experimental physicists who
are investigating few-body aspects of the above physics fields, and to provide
an opportunity for them to present new results and techniques, and borderless
discussions among participants including beginning researchers and experts,
so that they are stimulated and inspired for future research in their own fields.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments: As mentioned above, 117 oral talks
were presented and approximately 110 physicists from 16 different countries
participated in the APFB2011. The conference spans most important and ongoing issues in few-body systems not only in nuclear physics but also other
fields such as atomic physics. As a result of this conference, 102 contributions
to the conference proceedings were submitted. The proceedings will appear as
APCTP Status Report 2011
53
a special volume of the “Few-Body Systems”.
■ The 34th International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories (CMT34)
(1) Period: Nov. 7-11, 2011
(2) Venue: POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers: Peter Fulde (Conference Chair; APCTP, Korea), Yunkyu Bang
(Program Chair; Chonnam Nat’l Univ., Korea), Mahn-Soo Choi (Korea Univ.,
Korea), Yong Baek Kim (KIAS, Korea; Univ. of Toronto, Canada), Hyun-Woo Lee
(POSTECH, Korea), Helga Boehm (Johannes Kepler Univ. Linz, Austria), John W.
Clark (Washington Univ in St. Louis, USA), Norio Kawakami (Univ. of Kyoto,
Japan), Manuel de Llano (UNAM, Mexico), Carlos Wexler (Univ of Missouri,
USA), Tao Xiang (ITP, Beijing, China)
(4) Total Participants: 70 persons
(5) Scope of Program
The Workshops on Condensed Matter Theories have been held annually since
1977 in a wide variety of venues around the world. The primary aims of the
Workshops are: to encourage cross-fertilization between different approaches
to various many-body systems, to promote continuing collaborative efforts
involving groups of Workshop participants, and to foster communication and
cooperation between scientists in developed and developing nations.
Regarding contents, the Workshops' orientation has always been
interdisciplinary, emphasis being placed on promoting the understanding of
many particle effects in such diverse areas as condensed matter, lowtemperature, atomic, nuclear, chemical, statistical, and biological physics, as
well as in quantum field theory, quantum optics, quantum information theory,
and the theory of complex systems. The CMT34 adheres to this tradition of
widely spread common concerns, with a special focus on the following core
subjects: 1.Strong Correlations and Unconventional Superconductors 2.
Topological Phases in Condensed Matter (topological insulators, spin liquids, ...)
3. Low-dimensional Systems (graphene, surfaces, mesoscopic systems)
4.Numerical Methods (recent progress and novel developments)
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
This CMT34 international conference has such a long tradition and history and
as such it is very prestigious conference and usually attracted many world class
scholars as speakers and participants. Nevertheless every participant agreed on
that this year’s CMT34 is the best quality among the recent years’ series, in
terms of the quality as well as numbers of the invited speakers. Overall it was
extremely successful conference.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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■ 6th Korean Astrophysics Workshop “Fundamental Processes of Astrophysical
Turbulence”
(1) Period: Nov. 16-19, 2011
(2) Venue: POSCO Int'l Center, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers: Jungyeon Cho (Chungnam Nat. U.), Pat H. Diamond (Center for
Fusion Theory, Korea), Jongsoo Kim (KASI, Korea), Peter M. Goldreich
(Caltech/IAS, USA), Chang-Mo Ryu (Postech, Korea), Alex Lazarian (U. of
Wisconsin, USA), Annick Pouquet (NCAR, USA), Dongsu Ryu (Chungnam Nat. U.,
Korea), E. T. Vishniac (McMaster U., Canada)
(4) Total Participants: 48 persons
(5) Scope of Program: - Turbulence is the most common state of astrophysical
flows.
Most astrophysical systems, e.g. accretion disks, solar/stellar winds, the
Interstellar medium (ISM), and the intracluster medium (ICM) are in turbulent
states with embedded magnetic fields that influence almost all of their
properties. Recently there has been a significant breakthrough on the theory of
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We now have scaling models that
are consistent with both observations and numerical simulations.
Understanding the basic physics of MHD turbulence is essential for
understanding many astrophysical phenomena in accretion disks, in
solar/stellar winds, in the ISM, in the ICM, as well as in the large-scale
structure of the universe. Understanding the basic physics of MHD turbulence
is essential for cosmic ray transport, particle acceleration, interstellar
chemistry, grain dynamics, etc. Understanding the basic physics of MHD
turbulence is essential for testing theoretical predictions against observations
in the ISM and ICM. Recent progresses in the fundamental processes of
astrophysical turbulence will be discussed in the workshop.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
In this workshop, turbulence in astrophysical environments was discussed.
Topics covered include
- General Hydrodynamic Turbulence Theory
- General Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Turbulence Theory
- Turbulence in Space and Astrophysical Plasmas
- Turbulence in Laboratory Plasma and Plasma Effects
- MHD Dynamo
- MHD Applications: Particle Acceleration and Reconnection
- Interstellar Medum Turbulence
The workshop was very successful. The participants included leading
APCTP Status Report 2011
55
researchers in the field. The quality of presentations, which are posted at the
workshop homepage, http://canopus.cnu.ac.kr/kaw6/, was very high. I
believe it was a very successful workshop in the field.
■ The 6th APCTP-KAIST School for Brain Dynamics
‘Young Computational Neuroscientist Workshop (2011)’
(1) Period: Dec. 5, 2011
(2) Venue: Daejeon Convention Center (DCC), Daejeon, Korea
(3) Organizers : Hyungtae Kook, Ph.D. (Kyungwon Univ.), Changwoo Shin, Ph.D.
(SAIT), Dongwook Hwang, Ph.D. (NIMS), Amir Raz, Ph.D. (McGill Univ.)
Jaeseung Jeong, Ph.D. (KAIST)
(4) Total Participants: 48 persons
(5) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
4 young Korean postdocs from the US and 2 postdocs from Japan were here to
give talks about recent hot issues and findings in the field of computational
neuroscience. 5 young Korean postdocs also gave talks about their most recent
results on brain dynamics. 48 attendants really enjoyed the talks and
participated in active discussions during and after the talks. Based on personal
surveys, most of the audiences very much satisfied on the workshop. We also
should note that 7 undergrad students in the department of physics and brain
engineering attended the workshop to have current trends on brain dynamics
and application of nonlinear dynamics and complex system modeling to brain
studies.
APCTP Status Report 2011
56
2-4. Focus Programs
■ APCTP-IEU Focus Program Cosmology and Fundamental Physics 2
(1) Period: Jun. 6 - 18, 2011
(2) Venue: APCTP, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers: Changrim Ahn (Ewha Womans Univ., IEU), Chanju Kim (Ewha
Womans Univ.), Frederico Arroja (IEU), Hyun Seok Yang (IEU)
(4) Total Participants: 26 persons
(5) Scope of Program
String Cosmology, Inflation and the High Energy Universe, Non-Gaussianity in
Cosmic Structure, Dark Energy and Dark Matter, Gravity and Quantum
Cosmology
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
In this year program we have mainly invited those, both Koreans and nonKoreans, who belonged to various domestic research institutes. This is mainly
because we plan the Focus program as an initial stage of scientific
collaborations between particle physics and cosmology which will continue
not only in APCTP but also at any other time during the year. After setting up
scientific agendas at the Focus program, the participants can meet anytime
conveniently to develop them into outputs. In our third program this initial
stage of collaboration will develop further into more mature research groups.
■ 2nd Year of APCTP-WCU Focus program
“From dense matter to compact stars in QCD and in hQCD”
(1) Period: Aug. 16 - 25, 2011
(2) Venue: APCTP, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers: Mannque Rho (CEA France & Hanyang Univ.), Hyun Kyu Lee
(Hanyang Univ.&APCTP), Sang-Jin Sin(Hanyang Univ.), Youngman Kim (APCTP)
(4) Total Participants: 30 persons
(5) Scope of Program
This is the second program in series of a 5-year cooperative research between
the WCU-Hanyang program (Five year program on ‘Hadronic Matter under
Extreme Conditions’) and the APCTP Focus Program. The 2011 program will
then take up the first focused debate on the intricate interplay between the
equation of state of dense baryonic matter and the compact-star mass/radii.
The 2010 session highlighted the variety of issues involved, namely, the
stiffness or softness of the compressed baryonic matter, as predicted by both
QCD-motivated models and holographic approaches and their ramifications on
APCTP Status Report 2011
57
observables. In the coming session, these will be confronted more rigorously
with the presently available astrophysical observations, with the view to
streamline the future directions of research in the multi-disciplined approach
that encompasses a wide range of fields, i.e., particle/hadron/nuclear physics,
astrophysics, condensed matter physics, holographic gravity/gauge duality.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
During the APCTP-WCU focus program, we had extensive discussions on
(1) the intricate interplay between the equation of state of dense baryonic
matter and the compact-star mass/radii
(2) how to determine the mass and radii using observed neutron star data ,
and
(3) the role of holographic QCD to address the common theme of dense
hadronic matter relevant to the interior of compact star matter.
This focus program will cross-fertilize particle/hadron/nuclear physics,
astrophysics, condensed matter physics, string theory (gauge/gravity duality)
with objective to have contact with observations on compact stars and
experiments in terrestrial laboratories such as KoRIA (Korea), FAIR/GSI and
JPARC.
We are applying for third Year of APCTP-WCU Focus program “From dense
matter to compact stars in QCD and in hQCD.”
The 2012 program purports are to unravel the state of cold baryonic matter
relevant to compact stars that can, and will, be accessed in the near future by
the forth coming accelerators such as KoRIA (Korea) and other RIB machines
(Japan, China, USA, Europe, …) and ultimately FAIR (GSI/Darmstadt). The focus
here will be on EFT approaches to EoS that are immediately relevant to both
the structure of asymmetric nuclei and the symmetry energy in the vicinity of
nuclear matter .
■ APCTP Focus Program on Nonequilibrium Transport in a Mesoscopic System
(1) Period: Sep. 14 - 27, 2011
(2) Venue: APCTP, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers: Mukunda Das (Australian Nat'l Univ.), Jongbae Hong
(POSTECH/APCTP), Chao Zhang (Univ. of Wollongong)
(4) Total Participants: 20 persons
(5) Scope of Program
Quantum electronic transport in mesoscopic systems is a challenging subject
in condensed matter physics. In recent years, a variety of nanostructures are
studied to understand the basic mechanism of electron transport at a
APCTP Status Report 2011
58
fundamental level. The importance of this type of study is also aimed towards
the successful applications to electronic devices for next generation. In this
focus program, it is planned to discuss the experimental observations on
various nanoscopic systems and their theoretical understandings.
Interesting new ideas on the transport through nanostructures will also be
presented. This workshop is a resumption of the joint activity of ICTP and
APCTP in the field of condensed matter physics.
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
We invited acting researchers who are working on transport in various
mesoscopic systems such as quantum dots, magnetized adatom on metallic
surface, quantum point contacts, and grapheme and grapheme ribbons. These
subjects are recently very attractive and have some unexplained aspects. We
also discussed theoretical tools handling the nonequilibrium transient and
steady state of quantum impurity systems. Developing theoretical tool itself is
an on-going research subject in condensed matter physics.
We provided three colloquium talks for students and postdocs. Many
students and postdocs in Postech area attended the colloquium talks. Some of
them also attended at our regular program.
There are excellent researchers in Europe and U.S., which require more
airfare. In order to invite people from those areas, we need more budget.
■ Liouville, Integrability and Branes (7)
(1) Period: Dec. 1 - 14, 2011
(2) Venue: APCTP, Pohang, Korea
(3) Organizers: Soo-Jong Rey (Seoul Nat'l Univ.), Changrim Ahn (Ewha Woman
Univ.), Dongsu Bak (Univ. of Seoul), Yu Nakayama (IPMU/Caltech)
(4) Total Participants: 22 persons
(5) Scope of Program
Exact results in gauge and string theories, Integrability in Gauge Theories
and Strings, Gauge-gravity correspondences, D-branes and string dynamics
(6) Organizers’ self-evaluation and comments
The scientific quality of this year’s Focus Program maintained the highest
level we attained in all previous years. In particular, several eminent
researchers including Romuald Janik (Jagellonian University, Poland), Paolo
DiVecchia (NORDITA, Sweden), Yu Nakayama (CALTECH, USA), Alexei
Morozov (ITEP, Russia) were among the core members of the workshop.
There were 8 Ph.D. graduate students from Seoul National University and
Sogang University, and 6 postdocs from Portugal, China, Korea and Japan. The
APCTP Status Report 2011
59
Focus Program is internationally well acclaimed, and have made every effort
to bring further awareness within Korea.
We continue the Focus Program to continue to future years. In year 2012, we plan
to hold it around December 1 ~ December 12.
APCTP Status Report 2011
60
V. Reports of Research Programs in 2011
1. Summary of Research Programs
2. Scientific Reports of Junior Research Groups & Research Professor
2-1.
Multi-Scale Modeling
; Group 2 Leader – Xin Zhou ( June 1, 2008~June 28, 2012)
2-2. String Theory in Strongly Interacting Systems
; Group 3 Leader – Youngman Kim (Since March 1, 2009)
2-3. Cooperative Phenomena in Correlated Electron Systems
; Group 4 Leader – Tetsuya Takimoto (Since July 1, 2009)
2-4. Ultracold Atom Gases
; Group 5 Leader – Gentaro Watanabe (Since May 1, 2010)
2-5. Loop Quantum Gravity and the Small Scale Structure of Space-time
; Group 6 Leader – Hanno Sahlmann (Since October 22, 2010)
2-6. Biological and Soft Matter Theory
; Group 7 Leader- YongSeok Jho (Since June 1, 2012)
2-7. Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology
; Group 8 Leader- Ki Young Choi (Since July 1, 2012)
2-8.
Emergent Dynamics of Complex Living Systems
; Group 9 Leader- Pan-Jun Kim (Since December 1, 2012)
2-9. Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
; Research Professor– Ki-Seok Kim (October 1, 2008~February
29,2012)
APCTP Status Report 2011
61
1. Summary of Research Programs
1-1. Junior Research Groups (JRG)
■ 8 JRGs & 1 Research Professor
(1) Multi-Scale Modeling
(2) String Theory in Strongly Interacting Systems
(3) Cooperative Phenomena in Correlated Electron Systems
(4) Ultracold Atom Gases
(5) Loop Quantum Gravity and the Small Scale Structure of Space-time
(6) Biological and Soft Matter Theory
(7) Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology
(8) Emergent Dynamics of Complex Living Systems
(9) Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
■ Number of members: 26 Persons
(1) 10 Professors, 11 postdoctors, 5 Ph.D. Students
(2) Person Month(PM): 221.00 (1PM=28 days)
■ Scientific activities
; 78 Visitors, 7 Workshops (119 participants), 47 Seminars, 32 Discussion meeting
1-2. Young Scientist Training Program (YST)
■ Training at the postdoctoral level: 9 persons (54.5 PM)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Mew-Bing Wan, Malaysia, Astrophysics
Satoshi Nagaoka, Japan, Super String Theory
Yumi Ko, Korea, String Theory, ADS/CFT Correspondence
Okyu Kwon, Korea, Statistical Physics
Kanoknan Sarasamak, Thailand, Condensed matter
Rayda P. Gammag, Philipines, Condensed matter
(7) Jongwook Kim, Korea, Financial physics
(8) Shigenori Seki, Japan, String Theory
(9) Jian Jiang, Beijing, Complex systems, Econophysics
1-3. AP Scholars for Joint Research (AP Scholars)
■ AP Scholars: 6 persons (36.75 PM)
; Joint research by inviting established scholars in Asia Pacific as an APCTP faculty
and an adjunct professorship.
APCTP Status Report 2011
62
1-4. Visitors Program
■ Visitors: 20 persons
Total
20
Member Country
Korea
Others
8
5
Non Member
Country
7
Seminars
13
Person
Month
9.5
1-5. Publications of Research
■ 45 Reprints (SCI: 45 reprints, IF: 3.433)
APCTP Status Report 2011
63
2. Scientific Reports of Junior Research Groups & Research Professor
2-1. Multi-Scale Modeling
■ Leader – Prof. Xin Zhou (PhD. ITP, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (2001))
■ Period: Since Jun. 1, 2008
■ Overview
The Independent Junior Research Group (JRG) on Multiscale modeling and
simulations was established on June 1st, 2008, financially supported by Max-Planck
Society, Germany and Korean Government. The JRG focuses on developing and
applying multi-scale computation and simulation methods to study equilibrium and
dynamical properties of biological macromolecules and another complex systems in
different spatial and temporal scales. Up to October of 2010, there are seven
members, pre-members and long-term visitors in the JRG, including one professor,
one visiting professor, one postdoctoral researcher, one visiting student and three
exchange Ph.D students. The JRG has built a 22-nodes (176 processors) PC cluster
computer for our normal simulations. The JRG is communicating and collaborating
with some research groups in the world, and publishing some interesting results on
multiscale methods and their applications in soft materials.
■ Research
The phenomena and processes of biologic macromolecules (such as proteins,
DNA/RNA) and another complex systems, such as glass transitions, often happen in
very wide time and space scales. The current single-scale molecular simulations,
such as first-principle, all-atomic, and different-level coarse-grained simulations,
usually only focus on a single scale, so that it is hard to detect the intrinsic interplays
among the different scales.
We are working on developing a systematic multiscale strategy by combining these
different-scale simulations and techniques to extend the time and space scales of
computer simulations in complex systems. Recently, we develop some new methods
to construct coarse-grained models of simple and complex liquids, such as water,
polymers, etc., to enhanced sample equilibrium conformations in biological
macromolecules, and to analyze hierarchic kinetic transition networks and dynamics
of peptides and proteins based on trajectory mapping. In the year, we focus on the
application of trajectory mapping method in liquid water, polypeptides and small
proteins.
APCTP Status Report 2011
64
A. Trajectory Mapping in Polypeptides
Both the simplification of complex systems
and the improvement of simulation
efficiencies require understanding highdimensional conformational space of the
complex systems. Traditional methods usually
intuitively presume one (or a few) reaction
coordinates and project simulation-generated
conformations to the low-dimensional space
to achieve equilibrium and dynamical
properties of the systems. The methods often
oversimplify the systems since the reaction
coordinates are usually complex and
unknown. Recently, from parallel simulation
data, we present a trajectory mapping method
for top-down construct transition network among meta-stable states from long to
short time scales. By mapping each simulation trajectory (or segment of trajectory)
into a high-dimensional vector, we are able to use cluster algorithms and simply
linear algebraic analyzing to
effectively identify meta-stable states, transition
kinetics as well as transition pathways of the simulated systems.
We analyze the dynamics in polypeptide (with 12 amid acid residuals) and get the
hierarchic transition networks and folding dynamics.
APCTP Status Report 2011
65
B. Hydrogen Bonding in liquid Water
The trajectory mapping method is also applied to
analyze the hydrogen bonding structure in liquid
water.
Structure and properties of liquid waters are
mainly related hydrogen bonding.
Computer
simulations based on first principle or all-atomic
water models are widely applied to reproduce
some of properties of water. By using our
trajectory mapping methods, we analyze the
meta-stable hydrogen bonding state of water
from ab initio simulations, give some interesting
results.
C. Construction of Coarse-grained Models
Due to too many degrees of freedom in complex systems, it is very hard to apply
standard Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations to detect interesting
equilibrium and dynamical properties. By averaging some less important degrees of
freedom, it is possible to construct coarse-grained models to simplify the complex
systems. The main question is how to get the effective force field in the coarsegrained models to best reproduce
properties of the original systems.
Traditional coarse-graining techniques fit
parameters of effective force fields of
coarse-grained
models
by
requiring
reproducing some preselected interesting
thermodynamic variables of the fine-grained
models, thus it is unknown how well the
obtained coarse-grained model reproduces
the other properties. By developing our previous works where coarse-grained
models are required to match free energy surface of the fine-grained models, we
presented a new coarse-graining scheme to optimize the effective force fields by
matching the probability density in a high-dimensional space. The method has
advantages of both the traditional coarse-graining techniques (needing less
computing time) and the free-energy-matching methods (taking into account the
overall characteristics of free energy surface). The new coarse-graining method can
APCTP Status Report 2011
66
be applied to bridge any two different level models or theories, such as building a
connection between the microscopic particle-based molecular simulations and the
macroscopic field-based continuous theories of fluids.
We test the new coarse-graining method in liquid water, from all-atomic TIP3P
water model to a single-site pair additive water model. The obtained single-site
coarse-grained water model reproduces very well the structure [radial distribution
function g(r)] of the all-atomic water model. We are also extending the method to
chain molecules and to get more transferable coarse-graining models.
D. Enhanced Sampling
Standard Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation techniques can effectively
sample high-dimensional conformational space to get equilibrium and dynamical
properties of simpler systems. However, in complex systems, such as biological
macromolecules and glasses, due to the rugged energy (or free energy) surface, it is
difficult to get complete sample based on these standard techniques in our
affordable computing resources. Lots of advanced techniques have been developed
to overcome the difficulties. Despite the success already achieved, it is still difficult
to thoroughly investigate a practically interesting system even based on these
advanced techniques.
We presented a generalized canonical
ensemble method to overcome the free
energy barriers. The 1st order phase
transition region in large-size Potts
model is a good workhorse for testing
the new general enhanced sampling
method. Furthermore, we combined the
generalized canonical ensemble method
with the parallel tempering techniques
to improve efficiencies of sampling. In the right figure, we show the relation between
the reverse statistical temperature and potential energy in the
paramagnetic/ferromagnetic coexisted region of the 1st order phase transition in
two-dimension 10-state Potts models with different sizes. The thermodynamic
instable coexisted phases in the normal canonical ensemble are stabilized in the
generalized canonical ensemble, the critical point, the coexisted temperature, the
free energy barriers between the paramagnetic phase and ferromagnetic phase, and
phase separation are achieved. We are applying the new method in another systems
APCTP Status Report 2011
67
to improve the sampling efficiencies.
■ Members
Name
Title
Nationality
Period
Xin ZHOU
Leader/
Prof.
Beijing
Jun.1, 2008-June 28, 2011
Guanghong ZUO
Dr.
Beijing
Mar.24,2011~June23,2011
Bo ZHENG
Prof.
Beijing
Jul. 21, 2010-Jul. 20, 2011
APCTP Status Report 2011
68
2-2. String Theory in Strongly Interacting Systems
■ Leader – Prof. Youngman Kim (PhD. Hanyang Univ., Korea (1999))
■ Period: Since Mar. 1, 2009
■ Overview
The goal of my JRG (SSIS) is about applications of string theory technique in strongly
interacting systems. SSIS stands for string theory for strongly interacting systems.
Typical examples of the strongly interacting systems are strongly interacting quark
gluon plasma (or quark gluon liquid), dense QCD matter like core of neutron stars,
low energy hadron physics, and condensed matter systems.
SSIS consists of a leader, two research fellows, and one Ph D student. From
September 1st, SSIS has one more member, Mr. Juhyun Jung, till end of February,
2012. He is a graduate student at Inha University in Incheon. This year we worked
on several topics in holographic QCD and in AdS/CMT(condensed matter theory).
Some of them will be briefly discussed in this annual report.
■ Research
A. Holographic equations of state and astrophysical compact objects
We solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volko_ equation using an equation of state (EoS)
calculated in holographic QCD. The aim is to use compact astrophysical objects like
neutron stars as an indicator to test holographic equations of state. We first try an
EoS from a dense D4/D8 model. In this case, however, we could not find a stable
compact star, a star satisfying pressure-zero condition with a radius R, p(R) = 0,
within a reasonable value of the radius. This means that the EoS from the D4/D8
model may not support any stable compact stars or may support one whose radius
is very large. This might be due to a deficit of attractive force from a scalar _eld or
two-pion exchange in the D4/D8 model. Then, we consider D4/D6 type models with
di_erent number of quark avors, Nf = 1; 2; 3. Though the mass and radius of a
holographic star is larger than those of normal neutron stars, the D4/D6 type EoS
renders a stable compact star.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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Ref.: Youngman Kim, Chang-Hwan Lee, Ik Jae Shin, Mew-Bing Wan, Holographic
equations of state and astrophysical compact objects e-Print: arXiv:1108.6139 [hepph]
B. Four-nucleon contact interactions from holographic QCD.
The four-nucleon interaction in the effective chiral Lagrangian was first introduced
by Weinberg to describe the short-range part of the nuclear force. Like pion and
pionnucleon interactions in chiral Lagrangian, the four-Fermi operators are
accompanied by unknown coupling constants, called low energy constants (LECs).
These constants are calculable from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), in principle.
However, in reality the LECs are determined by a fit to some experimental data or
through some model-dependent calculations. We calculate the low energy constant
of four-nucleon interactions in an effective chiral Lagrangian in holographic QCD. We
start with a D4-D8 model to obtain meson nucleon interactions, and then we
integrate out massive mesons to obtain the four-nucleon interactions in 4D. We end
up with two low energy constants at the leading order and seven at the next leading
order, which is consistent with the effective chiral Lagrangian. We show the values of
the constant with the only lowest Kaluza-Klein resonance and with five ones.
APCTP Status Report 2011
70
Ref.: Youngman Kim, Deokhyun Yi, and Piljin Yi,
interactions from holographic QCD,” to appear
“Four-nucleon contact
C. Holographic meson mass in asymmetric dense matter
We study a meson mass splitting due to isospin violation in holographic dense
matter. We work in a D4/D6/D6 model with two quark flavor branes to consider
asymmetric dense matter in holographic QCD. We mainly consider two cases. We
first consider
m+/m- ~ md/mu to study the effect of isospin violation on the
meson masses. Then, we take m+/m- ~ ms/mq, where mq~(mu+md)/2, to calculate inmedium kaon-like meson masses. In both cases we observe that the mass splitting of
charged mesons occurs at low densities due to the asymmetry, while at high
densities their masses become degenerate. At intermediate densities, we find an
exotic behavior in masses which could be partly understood in a simple picture
based on the Pauli exclusion principle.
Ref.: Youngman Kim, Ik Jae Shin, Yunseok Seo, and Sang-Jin Sin, “Holographic
meson mass in asymmetric dense matter,” e-Print: arXiv:1108.2751 [hep-ph]
APCTP Status Report 2011
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C. Strangeness quark droplets in a deformed AdS/QCD model
We discuss the bound systems containing strangeness within the framework of
AdS/QCD model with a back-reacted geometry. To perform our studies we start from
the deformed AdS black hole solution, due to a finite quark mass and with vanishing
chiral condensate, considering further the gauge fields on top that black hole
geometry.
Ref.: Hyun-Chul Kim, Youngman Kim, Ik Jae Shin,
“Strangelets in a deformed AdS/QCD model,” to appear
APCTP Status Report 2011
and Ulugbek Yakhshiev,
72
■ Members
Name
Title
Youngman KIM
Leader/
Prof.
Korea
Mar.1, 2009-Feb.28, 2014
Takuya TSUKIOKA
Dr.
Japan
Sep.1, 2009-Aug.31, 2012
Deokhyun YI
Mr.
Korea
Sep.1, 2009-Aug.31, 2012
IkJae SHIN
Dr.
Korea
Oct.1, 2009-Sep.30, 2012
Juhyun Jung
Mr.
Korea
Sep.1,2011~Feb.29, 2012
APCTP Status Report 2011
Nationality
Period
73
2-3. Cooperative Phenomena in Correlated Electron Systems
■ Leader – Prof. Tetsuya Takimoto (PhD. Science Univ. of Tokyo, Japan (1997))
■ Period: Since Jul. 1, 2009
■ Overview
On April 2009, I have joined to APCTP. Our group has been launched on July 2009. In
2010, Dr. Soumya Prasad Mukherjee and Mr. Ki-Hoon Lee have joined to our group.
Since October 1st, 2011, Dr. Sudhakar Pandey will join to our group. Furthermore,
with the help of several collaborators, I research mainly the following topics of
correlated electron systems in the condensed matter physics.
(1) Mechanism of unconventional superconductivity in Li2Pt3B
A series of noncentrosymmetric system Li2Pd3(1−x)Pt3xB shows superconductivity.
Even though the compound has the same crystal structure, the type of
superconductivity is different between Li2Pd3B (conventional) and Li2Pt3B
(unconventional). In order to clarify the mechanism of superconductivity of Li2Pt3B,
we consider the spin fluctuation scenario. The spin fluctuation scenario explains
electronic structure and the existence of line node for gap function, except for the
temperature independent uniform spin susceptibility in the superconducting state.
This research is carried out by collaboration with Dr. S. M. Mukherjee.
(2) Eliashberg theory for two dimansional noncentrosymmetric system around
ferromagnetic instability
After the research of electron correlation of three-dimensional noncentrosymmetric
system using pertubation theory, we have developed an Eliashberg theory for two
dimensional noncentrosymmetric system around ferromagnetic instability. It is
shown that unusual self-energy like antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling term is
essential to obtain the self-consistency in the framework. This research is carried
out by collaboration with Dr. K.-S. Kim.
(3) Spin exitation spectrum in the coexistent state between the antiferromagnetism
and dwave superconductivity
Since the observation of small Fermi pocket in the underdoped cuprates, the
coexistent phase between the antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity
attracts the attention in the field of high-Tc cuprates. It is known that similar
coexistent phase is shown in some heavy electron systems like CeRhIn5, where both
antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity emerge from itinerant electrons.
We research the dynamical spin susceptibility in the coexistent phase. This is a
collaboration with Dr. H.-J. Lee.
(4) Hidden order in URu2Si2
URu2Si2 shows a phase transition to the hidden ordered state in the low
temperature, where the order parameter of hidden ordered phase is not clarified yet.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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We regard the order parameter as a multipole moment of f-electron belonging to
j=5/2 multiplet, which provides 36 kinds of multipole moments. In order to identify
the most reasonable multipole moment as the order parameter of hidden order, we
try three different researches given in the following. I) Analysis of torque
oscillations in URu2Si2, which is a collaboration with Dr. P. Thalmeier. II) Kondo
effects in different multipole ordered states, which is a collaboration with Dr. M.
Suzuki. III) Susceptibilities of multipole moments, which is a collaboration with Dr.
H. Ikeda. Through these researches, we give a few scenario for the hidden order of
URu2Si2.
(5) Topological Kondo insulator
The topological insulator has been distinguished as a new quantum state recently.
The topological insulator shows a surface state crossing the Fermi energy due to the
topological requirement, which is protected by the time reversal symmetry. It has
been pointed out that Kondo insulators can be classified into topological insulators.
For this subject, (1) we suggest a candidate compound SmB6 due to a detail
calculation and (2) we analyze the state within the slave-boson mean-field approach.
The second part is a collaboration with Dr. Minh-Tien Tran and Dr. Ki-Seok Kim.
(6) Electron correlation in topological superconductor
Similarly, the topological superconductor like the chiral p-wave one also shows
zero-energy mode as Majorana fermion. Except for the chiral p-wave
superconductor, the 3He-B phase is another example of topological
superconductors. We study electron correlations in the topological superconductor,
based on the strong-coupling theory for superconductivity in a spin-fermion model.
This is a collaboration with Mr. Ki-Hoon Lee. Other science activities are in the
following. Before I received an appointment from Dr. Pandey, I have tried to hire Dr.
Goryo as a post-doc. Unfortunately, I failed to get him, because he has finally found a
postdoc position in ETH-Zurich. In order to hire another postdoc, I have applied to
National Research Fund (NRF) in Korea. However, my research project has not been
chosen. I have worked as a co-organizer for the third international workshop on
“Quantum Condensation” held at The Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology during July 4-15, 2011, and I work as a co-organizer for international
workshop for young researchers on “Topological Quantum Phenomena” held in
Shiga prefecture, Japan, during November 1-5, 2011. This international workshop is
planed to come to Pohang in 2013. Further, in order to hold the fourth international
workshop on “Quantum Condensation” in Pohang in the next summer, we have
applied to “Focus Program” of APCTP.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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■ Research
1. Mechanism of unconventional superconductivity in Li2Pt3B
A
series
of
noncentrosymmetric
compound
Li2Pd3−3xPt3xB
shows
superconductivity[1]. Except for superconductivity, no other phase transition is
reported. For Li2Pd3B, a Hebel-Slichter peak is observed by the NMR relaxation rate,
and the penetration depth shows the exponential decrease of the temperature
dependence. Therefore, it is believed that these behaviors are consistent with
conventional superconductivity of the usual phonon-mediated mechanism. On the
other hand, for Li2Pt3B, the Hebel-Slichter peak disappears, and the temperature
dependences of NMR relaxation rate and penetration depth is a power law behavior,
which is consistent with superconducting gap function with line nodes[2, 3]. Further,
the Knight shift is almost temperature independent even below the superconducting
transition temperature. This situation is the same as that of other
noncentrosymmetric
superconductor
CePt3Si,
whose
unconventional
superconductivity will be induced by spin fluctuations[4], except for the absence of
the antiferromagnetic phase. We study the mechanism of unconventional
superconductivity in Li2Pt3B based on the spin fluctuation mechanism. In the
beginning of the research, the electronic structure obtained by the band structure
calculation is reproduced within two tight-binding bands splitted by a reasonable
antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling. Then, the upper and lower bands have a
spherical hole and electron Fermi surfaces around R- and Γ-points, respectively, in
addition to a large Fermi surface between these. Especially, the size of Fermi surface
around Γ-point of the upper band is close to the other around R-point of the upper
band. In the superconducting state of noncentrosymmetric systems, the spin-singlet
and spintriplet pairing state can mix each other due to the lack of inversion
symmetry. However, it is known that the spin-triplet pairing state is limited to the
state whose spin-triplet gap function d(k) is parallel to the antisymmetric spin-orbit
coupling. Noting these things, we construct the gap equation for superconductivity,
which is described by both the spin-singlet gap function ψ(k) and the spin-triplet
gap function d(k) in noncentrosymmetric superconductors.
For the actual calculation, we have estimated the pairing potential within the
second-order pertubation theory with respect to the on-site Coulomb interaction
using the electronic structure obtained above. According to our numerical
calculation for the superconducting transition, the superconducting state is
dominated by the spin-singlet pairing with tiny spin-triplet component. This
solution is obtained by the development of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuation
connecting Fermi surfaces around R- and Γ-points. Due to the negative sign of the
spin-singlet pairing potential
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Vss(q) = −U2[χzz(q) + χxx(q) + χyy(q) − χcc(q)] − U, (1)
the gap function around R-point has the opposite sign of the gap function around Γpoint. Therefore, the symmetry of superconductivity is s±-type like iron-pnictide
superconductors. In our case, the system has a large Fermi surface in addition to
Fermi surfaces around R- and Γ-points. Then, the large Fermi surface has line nodes
in the s± superconducting state. The s± superconducting state can explain well
experimental data of NMR relaxation rate and penetration depth showing the
existence of line nodes. On the other hand, in the spinsinglet dominant
superconducting state of noncentrosymmetric systems, the uniform spin
susceptibility at zero temperature is suppressed to 2/3 of that in the normal state
due to usual intraband contributions. Even in a spin-triplet dominant
superconductivity, it seems to be impossible to explain the temperature independent
Knight shift in the superconducting state because the direction of the relevant d(k)vector is not fixed. Therefore, we expect that there is other source for the
temperature independent susceptibility like the Van-Vleck term from orbital degree
of freedom. This research is a collaboration with Dr. S. P. Mukherjee.
2. Eliashberg theory for two dimansional noncentrosymmetric
system around ferromagnetic instability
The Fermi liquid behavior is a universal property of metallic compounds in the low
temperature region[5]. At a low temperature T, relevant electrons are restricted in
the phase space within width T from the Fermi level. The Fermi liquid theory tells us
that the quasi-particle scatters within the phase space in terms of the Pauli principle
to give the lifetime τ , whose inverse behaves like 1/τ ∼ T2 + ω2 in the three
dimensional system, where ω is the energy of quasi-particle measured from the
Fermi level. According to the adiabatic theorem, the behavior is also expected in the
system with rather large electron interaction, unless no phase transition appears.
For the system around a magnetic quantum critical point, where the magnetic
transition temperature is suppressed to zero temperature, the critical fluctuation is
enhanced considerably. Due to the critical fluctuation, many physical quantities like
specific heat, resistivity, etc. are affected to show unusual temperature dependences
around the quantum critical point. For example, it is expected that the temperature
dependence of resistivity becomes T3/2 in the system around the antiferromagnetic
quantum critical point[7]. After the research of electron correlation of threedimensional noncentrosymmetric system within the second-order pertubation
theory, we have developed a similar theory, the Eliashberg theory, for twodimensional noncentrosymmetric systems around the ferromangeic instability,
which will corresponds to the surface state of three-dimensional topological
APCTP Status Report 2011
77
insulator[?]. Here, we note that the spin space is restricted to two dimension in this
calculation. Then, the selfenergy is decomposed into usual and unusual components.
The unusual component becomes important for the self-consistency in this
framework. This work is mainly contributed by Dr. Ki-Seok Kim.
3. Spin exitation spectrum in the coexistent state between the
antiferromagnetism and d-wave superconductivity
Since the discovery of the high temperature superconductivity in cuprates, the
extensive and intensive investigation is carried out from both experimental and
theoretical approaches. Recently, it has been reported that some small Fermi surface
pockets are observed in underdoped high-Tc compounds by the de Haas-van Alphen
effect. Due to this fact, the antiferromagnetic transition flashed across naively. Then,
the superconducting state of the underdoped compound will be regarded as the
coexistent phase between superconductivity and antiferromagnetism. Furthermore,
similar coexistence is expected in the heavy fermion superconductor like CeRhIn5.
In many d-wave superconductors including high-Tc cuprates, the resonance mode is
observed by the inelastic neutron scattering at a frequency less than
superconducting gap. On the other hand, in the antiferromagnetic state, it is
expected that the antiferromagnetic spin wave becomes a Goldstone-mode by
breaking the continuous symmetry. Considering these, both collective modes will
appear in the coexistent phase. We research the spectrum of spin fluctuation in the
coexistent phase, based on a model including two mean-field terms of
antiferromagnetism and superconductivity. Considering the equations of motion of
the Green function and the anomalous Green functions, the closed meanfield
equations are obtained. For the coexistent state, we have to consider not only
anomalous Green functions for the antiferromagnetism and superconductivity, but
also an additional anomalous Green function corresponding to the π-triplet
component. The π-triplet component is an induced order parameter by the
antiferromagnetic order breaking the translational symmetry in the
superconducting state. According to the group theoretical consideration, we
understand that the π-triplet component is a fermion-pair keeping the
antisymmetry in the sublattice space. Using these Green functions, the spin
excitation spectrum is calculated within RPA. After we have checked spin excitation
spectrum in the antiferromagnetic phase and the d-wave superconducting phase, we
proceed to study spectrum in the coexistent phase. In the coexistent phase, the spin
excitation spectrum should be distinguished between longitudinal and transversal
components like the antiferromagnetic state. According to the numerical calculation,
the antiferromagnetic spin wave appears as a Goldstone mode guaranteed by
APCTP Status Report 2011
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breaking the continuous symmetry in the transversal mode. However, there is no
signature of resonance mode in the transversal component. On the other hand, only
resonance mode appears in the longitudinal component. Therefore, due to the
unpolarized (usual) inelastic neutron scattering experiment, two sharp peaks led by
the spin wave mode of the transversal component and the resonance mode of the
longitudinal component should be observed, because the spectrum is averaged over
the spin space for this measurement. However, the resonance mode can appear in
the longitudinal component only. These different spectra between averaged and
transversal ones are a feature of the coexistent phase in the Hubbard type system.
The research is a collaboration with Dr. H.-J. Lee belonging to KIAS.
4. Hidden order in URu2Si2
It is known that URu2Si2 shows a second-order transition at T = To = 17.5 K in the
ambient pressure, where the order is called as “hidden order”, because the order
parameter is not clarified yet. Increasing the pressure, To increases monotonously,
and the compound shows a transition from the hidden order phase to the
antiferromagnetic phase. The type of this transition is regarded as a first-order one
under the observation of staggered magnetic moment in the high pressure phase.
In the series of research, we regard the order parameter of hidden order as a
multipole moment of f-electron state belonging to j=5/2 multiplet. Using the
Wigner-Eckart theorem, we can define multipole moments up to rank 5, based on
the j-j coupling scheme. These multipole moments are classified according to
representations of the point group. In order to get a reasonable candidate of the
order parameter, we consider following three researches from different viewpoints.
4.1 Analysis of torque oscillations in URu2Si2
Recently, the torque oscillation experiment has been carried out by Prof. Y.
Matsuda’s group[8]. According to their experiment, the tetragonal system URu2Si2
losts the 4-fold symmetry, which is measured through the uniform spin
susceptibility tensor. We have analyzed the torque experiment regarding the order
parameter of the hidden order as a multipole[9]. Using the classification of multipole
moments to representations of the tetragonal point group, we can calculate the spin
susceptibility tensor based on the Ginzbung-Landau theory. We apply this method
only to multipole moments which don’t break the time reversal symmetry. We
calculate uniform spin susceptibility tensors in the ferro- and antiferro-type order
for all representations (four one-dimensional representations and one twodimensional representation). As the result, the antiferro-type quadrupole order of
Oyz(Ozx) can explain the experimental behavior. This is the collabolation with Dr. P.
APCTP Status Report 2011
79
Thalmeier belonging to Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids.
4.2 Kondo effects in different multipole ordered states
In URu2Si2, the specific heat decreases from C/T ∼ 180 mJ/K2mol at T ∼ To to
∼ 60 mJ/K2mol at T ∼2 K due to a partial gap opening. From the specific heat
below To, it is considered that a heavy fermion state is formed even in the hidden
ordered phase. Then, it will be worthwile to compare the Kondo effects in possible
multipole ordered phase. We consider the Kondo effect based on an Anderson
impurity model with orbital-degenerate conduction electrons. We apply the slaveboson mean-field theory to the model. After the simple approach, we plan to apply
DMFT to an orbital degenerate Anderson model to construct a complete picture.
This is a collaboration with Dr. M. Suzuki belonging to Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
4.3 Susceptibilities of multipole moments
In order to confirm the suitable multipole moment, we calculate directly static
susceptibilities of possible multipole moments within RPA using a actual electron
band structure. At first, this method can reproduce the antiferromagnetic order in
high pressure region, because the ordering wave vector and the direction of
magnetic moments are consistent with experimental data. In this research, our
favorable order parameter of the hidden order is a dotriacontapole moment (rank 5)
belonging to a two-dimensional representation with the odd time reversal parity.
The trigger of this order is a nesting, connected by the same ordering wave vector as
the antiferromagnetic order, between two Fermi surfaces, whose electronic states
are dominated by jz = ±5/2 and ∓3/2, respectively. This is the reason why the order
of rank 5 is obtained, because such a particle-hole exitation can not be explained by
multipoles up to rank 3. Since these order parameters belong to a representation
different from that suggested in 4.1, I plan to extend the theory of 4.1 to the case of
order parameter “breaking” the time reversal symmetry. We plan to research the
superconducting transition induced by multipole fluctuations in the hidden ordered
phase. This research is a collaboration with Dr. H. Ikeda belonging to Kyoto
University, especially.
5. Topological Kondo insulator
Three dimensional topological insulators represent a new quantum state. They have
been originally proposed on theoretical approach [10, 11, 12, 13, 14], but where
subsequently found experimentally, by the angle resolved photoemmision
spectroscopy (ARPES), e.g., in Bi1−xSbx and Bi2−xYxX3 with X=Se and Y=Ca as well
as X=Te and Y=Sn[15, 16, 17, 18, 19]. Characteristic features are metallic surface
APCTP Status Report 2011
80
states with an odd number of Dirac points, which are protected by the time reversal
symmetry. Furthermore, it was also suggested that so-called Kondo insulators could
become topological insulators. This was done by making use of a simple periodic
Anderson model[20]. Recently we predict based on detailed calculations that SmB6
should indeed be a strong topological insulator. The distinction to the above
mentioned systems are dealing here with a stoichiometric compound. Our
prediction is based on the computation of the topological index and of the spectrum
of surface states. Parallel to this work, we have also researched the topological phase
transition applying the slave-boson mean-field approach to a simprified model.
Increasing the hybridization strength, the Fermi liquid phase changes to a weak
topological insulator, then to a strong topological insulator, finally to a Kondo
insulator. The second part is a collaboration with Dr. Minh-Tien Tran and Dr. Ki-Seok
Kim.
6. Electron correlation in topological superconductor
The topological superconductor is an analogue of the topological insulator among
superconductors. Similarly as the surface state of topological insulator, the
topological superconductor shows zero-energy modes on the boundary. Due to the
particle-hole symmetry of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian, the zero energy
mode becomes a Majorana fermion. Recently, many researchers investigate the way
to detect the Majorana fermion. The actual example of topological superconductor
are the chiral p-wave superconductor and 3He-B phase (spin-triplet state). We
research the electron correlation in the surface state of 3He-B phase. We describe
the 3He-B phase by a spin-triplet superconductivity with a reasonable d-vector,
which is induced by ferromagnetic spin fluctuation of a spin-fermion model. We have
examined an Eliashberg equation with the spin fluctuation for 3He-B phase. In this
scheme, the spin fluctuation is affected by breaking the parity symmetry due to the
spin-triplet order parameter. In the p-wave superconducting state, the spin
fluctuation can be decomposed into the usual and symmetric components only. Since
the antisymmetric components still vanish, the spin-singlet pairing cannot be
induced. Further, the self-energy components like the antisymmetric spinorbit
coupling can be induced in principle. According to the examination of the Eliashberg
equation, such self-energy components appear in the case that the particle Green
function has a pole with zero energy. The zero energy mode will be allowed for
states along the nodal line of superconducting gap and for surface states of
topological superconductor. We will carry out numerical calculation for further
research. This research is a collaboration with Mr. Ki-Hoon Lee.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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■ Members
Name
Title
Nationality
Period
Tetsuya TAKIMOTO
Leader/Prof.
Japan
Jul.1, 2009-Jun.30, 2014
Soumya Prasad
MUKHERJEE
Dr.
India
Jun. 15, 2010-Feb. 28, 2012
Sudhakar Pandey
Dr.
India
Oct. 15, 2011-Feb. 15, 2012
Ki Hoon LEE
Mr.
Korea
Nov. 1, 2010-Oct. 31, 2011
APCTP Status Report 2011
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2-4. Ultracold Atom Gases
■ Leader – Prof. Gentaro Watanabe (PhD. Univ. of Tokyo, Japan (2003))
■ Period: Since May 1, 2010
■ Overview
The main research area of our group is theoretical cold atom physics. Cold atom
gases are novel systems with high flexibility and high controllability: various system
parameters can be manipulated dynamically as well as statically. We are especially
interested in controlling quantum many-body states of cold atom gases and their
applications, what we call "quantum state engineering".
■ Outlook
In 2012, we are going to keep investing our main efforts on the study of the quantum
state engineering and of ultracold Fermi gases in the BCS-BEC crossover.
Regarding the former topic, we would like to further pursue the dissipation-driven
quantum state engineering. Theoretical proposal of the physical implementation of
our squeezing jump operator, non-equilibrium phase transition due to the interplay
between the unitary and dissipative dynamics, etc. should be the next interesting
problems to be tackled. In addition to the dissipation-driven quantum state
engineering, we are also interested in developing a new cooling (entropy reduction)
scheme for optical lattice systems; this topic is crucially important in the current
status of the quantum state engineering using cold atom gases. We are thinking of
working on this direction in coming years.
Regarding the topic of the cold Fermi gases, we have finished on project with Dr.
Sukjin Yoon and are now starting a new project with him. We are thinking of
several problems: viscosity in unitary Fermi gases, vortex reconnection in the Fermi
superfluid in the BCS-BEC crossover, and junction between BCS domain and BEC
domain by spatially changing the external field, etc.
There was a substantial growth in our scientific activity in 2011, especially after
Dr. Sukjin Yoon joined our group, compared to the year 2010. In 2012, we would
like to keep and stabilize our scientific activity at a sustainable level. Concretely,
we are going to invite external researchers (both collaborators and noncollaborators) for a seminar and a discussion once per month or two months on
average; we actually feel that communicating external researchers gives a good
stimulus to our research group.
Another large scientific activity in 2011 was organizing a summer school.
Fortunately, this school was very successful and we saw that people's interest in cold
atom physics was potentially very high in Korea even though there were only a few
research groups in this country at this moment. We do not have a specific plan to
organize a meeting in 2012, but a small size workshop would be one possibility.
We may recruit a new post-doctoral researcher in 2012.
is Dr. R. C. F. Caballar at University of Philippines.
APCTP Status Report 2011
One possible candidate
83
■ Research
Our research activity of this year 2011 lies in mainly two topics. The first topic is
the study of superfluid Fermi gases in periodic potentials in the crossover between
the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) and Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) states.
Here, we aim at finding various novel effects of periodic potentials on superfluid
Fermi gases. We also expect that findings in this project would provide some hint to
the physics of neutron stars. In this project, we have found that a loop structure
called “swallowtail” emerges in the energy band due to an interplay between effects
of the periodic potential and the nonlinearity by the pairing field (Sect. IIA1). We
have also found a profound dip of the incompressibility near the critical value of the
interaction strength for emergence of the swallowtail in the BCS side. Interestingly,
the emergence of the swallowtail and the dip of the incompressibility can be
explained as a consequence of the fact that the chemical potential touches the top of
the narrow band in the quasiparticle spectrum. Another problem which we have
studied in this project is the critical velocity of the superfluid Fermi gases. Here, we
have found that the periodic potentials induce the formation of bound molecules
even in the BCS regime and this affects the critical velocity of energetic instability
due to pair-breaking excitations (Sect. IIA2). The second topic is the quantum state
engineering using dissipation. In usual situations, dissipation is considered to be an
enemy to the quantum coherence, but it has been pointed out that an appropriately
designed coupling between the system and the reservoir can drive the system into a
given pure state. This somewhat counter-intuitive fact suggests the attractive
possibility of the dissipation-driven quantum state engineering using cold atom
gases. In this project, we have developed a method for phase- and number-squeezing
in two-mode Bose systems using dissipation (Sect. II B). Our method leads to a pure
squeezed state in the steady state of the dynamics irrespective of the initial state.
Application of our method to an optical lattice system gives control of the phase
boundaries of the steady-state phase diagram, and we have discovered a new phase
characterized by a non-zero condensate fraction and thermal-like particle number
statistics.
A. Superfluid Fermi gases in optical lattices
Ultracold gases in optical lattices provide a new frontier of research where many
remarkable phenomena can be observed and investigated. By using Feshbach
resonances one can tune the interaction between atoms and investigate the
crossover between the BCS state and a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), passing
through a resonant regime where the scattering length as is very large and the
system exhibits universal properties (unitary regime). Here, “universal” means that
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the properties of the system does not depend on details of interparticle potential.
Therefore, study of unitary Fermi gases is also useful for other systems, such as
neutron gases in inner crusts of neutron stars, where the neutron-neutron scattering
length is much larger than the interparticle separation » k−1 F . Our final aim thus
includes learning neutron star crusts by simulating neutron star matter using cold
atom gases as well as understanding the cold atom gas systems themselves.
1. Swallowtail band structure in an optical lattice [1]
(in collaboration with Prof. Dalfovo)
Interplay between the non-linearity and the periodic potential is one of the
important issues of the ultracold atom gases in optical lattices. For Bose-Einstein
condensates (BECs) in optical lattices, it has been pointed out that the interaction
can change the band structure drastically such that the loop structure called
“swallowtail” appears in the energy band of the superfluid flow [2, 3]. The
emergence of the swallowtails in BECs is due to the competition between the
external periodic potential and the nonlinear interaction term in the GrossPitaevskii (GP) equation. The former favors a band structure of a sinusoidal form
while the latter tends to make the density smoother and the energy band quadratic.
When nonlinearity wins, swallowtail energy loop appears. Swallowtails have a large
impact on transport properties. A direct consequence is a breakdown of Bloch
oscillations. Since Bloch oscillations have various important applications, such as
precision measurements of forces and controlling the motion of a wave packets, a
better understanding the swallowtail is also useful in these contexts. The problem of
the swallowtail band structure can be even more important in Fermi superfluids,
due to the possible implications in superconducting electrons in solids and
superfluid neutrons in neutron stars, especially those in nuclear “pasta” phases (see,
e.g., Section IIC and our recent review article [12]) in neutron star crusts. However,
unlike the Bose case, little has been studied in this problem so far and a fundamental
question whether or not the swallowtail exists along the crossover from the
Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to BEC states is still open. To solve this problem,
we study the band structure of Fermi superfluids flowing in a periodic potential. We
consider a two-component unpolarized dilute Fermi gas made of atoms of mass m
interacting with s-wave scattering length as and subject to a one-dimensional (1D)
optical lattice of the form Vext(r) = sER sin2 qBz ´ V0 sin2 qBz. Here, V0 ´ sER is the
lattice height, s is the lattice intensity in dimensionless units, ER = ¯h2q2B/2m is the
recoil energy, qB = π/d is the Bragg wave vector and d is the lattice constant. The
supercurrent is in the z-direction with quasimomentum P. For the aim of the present
study, a suitable approach superfluids, due to the possible implications in
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superconducting electrons in solids and superfluid neutrons in neutron stars,
especially those in nuclear “pasta” phases (see, e.g., Section IIC and our recent
review article [12]) in neutron star crusts. However, unlike the Bose case, little has
been studied in this problem so far and a fundamental question whether or not the
swallowtail exists along the crossover from the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to
BEC states is still open. To solve this problem, we study the band structure of Fermi
superfluids flowing in a periodic potential. We consider a two-component
unpolarized dilute Fermi gas made of atoms of mass m interacting with s-wave
scattering length as and subject to a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice of the form
Vext(r) = sER sin2 qBz ´ V0 sin2 qBz. Here, V0 ´ sER is the lattice height, s is the
lattice intensity in dimensionless units, ER = ¯h2q2B /2m is the recoil
energy, qB = π/d is the Bragg wave vector and d is the lattice constant. The
supercurrent is in the z-direction with quasimomentum P. For the aim of the present
study, a suitable approach is a numerical simulation based on the Bogoliubov-de
Gennes (BdG) equations (for the continuum system). Neither hydrodynamic theory
nor tight-binding model is appropriate since they cannot describe the swallowtails
correctly along the BCS-BEC crossover: the former always yields the dispersion of
the quadratic form without termination and the latter gives the sinusoidal band. In
the present work, using the numerical simulation of the BdG equations, we have
shown that swallowtails exist in a superfluid Fermi gas in an optical lattice when the
interaction strength is sufficiently large [Fig. 1(a)] and their width is maximum near
unitarity [Fig. 1(b)]. In neither the BCS nor the BEC limit, does a swallowtail exist
because the system is weakly interacting and the band structure is sinusoidal. When
approaching unitarity from either side, the interaction energy increases and can
dominate over the periodic potential, which means that the system behaves more
like a translationally invariant superfluid. And the band structure follows a quadratic
dispersion terminating at a maximum P larger than
the Brillouin zone boundary. More interestingly, we have found that along with the
appearance of the swallowtail in the BCS side, there exists a narrow band in the
quasiparticle energy spectrum close to the chemical potential μ (the left panel of Fig.
2) and the incompressibility κ−1 ´ n∂μ/∂n of the Fermi gas consequently
experiences a profound dip (the right panel of Fig. 2), unlike in the BEC side. Indeed,
the emergence of the swallowtail and the dip of the incompressibility
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can be explained as a consequence of the fact that the chemical potential touches the
top of the narrow band in the quasiparticle spectrum, where the density of states is
large (see the dotted ellipse in the right panel of Fig. 2).
2. Critical velocity in the BCS-BEC crossover [4]
(in collaboration with Profs. Dalfovo, Pitaevskii, and Stringari)
The critical velocity of superflow due to energetic instability is one of the most
important properties of superfluids, which has been pioneered by Landau. If the
velocity of superflow exceeds some critical value, the kinetic energy of the superfluid
can be dissipated by creating excitations. In uniform superfluid Fermi gases in the
BCS-BEC crossover, excitations which cause the energetic instability are of two types:
fermionic pair-breaking excitations in the BCS regime and long-wavelength phonon
excitations in the BEC regime. In the unitary regime both mechanisms are
suppressed and the critical velocity shows a maximum value. Recently, effects of
periodic potentials on the critical velocity of Fermi superfluids has been studied
experimentally [5]. This experiment has stimulated theoretical investigations of this
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problem; however, most of them focused on the BCS regime in tight-binding
approximation. In such a situation, to obtain an understanding of the critical velocity
from a unified point of view, we study the all regions along the BCS-BEC crossover and
both the strong and weak lattice regime [4, 6] using the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG)
equations. For this aim, we need to use a theoretical framework which can account for
the formation of bound molecules induced by the periodic potential, which is
important when the lattice height is larger than the Fermi energy; the same formalism
must also account for pair-tunneling processes, which are important on the BEC side of
the resonance [7]. A suitable approach consists of the numerical solution of the
Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) equations. In Ref. [4], same as in Section IIA1, we have
considered a 3D superfluid Fermi gas flowing (the flow is in the z-direction) in a onedimensional (1D) periodic potential Vext produced by an optical lattice: Vext(z) = sER
sin2 qBz. In this work, we have found that, when the recoil energy ER is comparable to
the Fermi energy, energetic instability due to fermionic pair-breaking excitations can be
less effective as a consequence of the periodic structure of the quasiparticle energy
spectrum [see 1/kFas = ¡0.5 in Fig. 3(b)]. When the lattice height is much larger than
the Fermi energy, pair-breaking excitations are prevented because the lattice potential
gives a stronger attraction between paired atoms, eventually forming bound bosonic
molecule. We have also found that, when the recoil energy is comparable to or larger
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than the Fermi energy, the critical velocity due to the long wavelength phonon
excitations is drastically reduced by the lattice in the BCS regime leading to its nonmonotonic behavior along the BCS-BEC crossover [see the open circles in Fig. 3(a) and
3(b)].
B. Quantum state engineering using dissipation — dissipation-induced
squeezing [8, 9] (in collaboration with Dr. M¨akel¨a and Prof. Diehl)
In usual situations, dissipation, caused by the coupling to the environment, is
considered to be a serious enemy to quantum mechanical systems as it leads to a rapid
decay of the coherence. Surprisingly, however, an appropriately designed coupling
between the system and the reservoir can drive the system into a given pure state [10,
11]. This type of quantum state engineering, driven by dissipation, has attracted
considerable recent interest both theoretically and experimentally. A strong advantage
of this approach is that the desired steady state is obtained without active control of
the system. This should be contrasted with the standard approach in quantum state
engineering where dynamical control of the system is required. Another advantage is
that the target state can be obtained regardless of the initial state, making the state
engineering protocol insensitive to imperfections in the initial state preparation.
Creating squeezed states is a key issue in interferometry as it allows the improvement
of precision measurements beyond the conventional bound attainable by classical
means. Phase-squeezed states improve the accuracy of the readout of the phase
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difference and number-squeezed states make possible longer measurement times.
During recent years, cold atomic gases have proven to be a particularly promising
system to perform interferometry. Thus creating squeezed states in cold atom gases
would have a large impact to many problems in physics due to, e.g., the possible
application for precise measurements of force fields. Motivated by a potential of the
dissipation-driven quantum state engineering and the importance of the squeezed
states in matter-wave interferometry, we have developed a method for phase- and
number-squeezing using dissipation [8]. Our method can be applied to any two-state
Bose system, such as the one described by the two-site Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian.
This Hamiltonian is often used to describe cold Bose gases trapped in a double-well
potential, which is a typical setup for the matter-wave interferometry. Our method
consists of dissipative dynamics such that the time evolution of the density operator ˆρ
is governed by the master equation
with the following jump operator (hereafter we call the “squeezing jump operator”):
Here, ˆai (ˆa†i ) annihilates (creates) an atom in mode i, ² (¡1 < ² < 1) is a parameter by
which we can control the squeezing, and γ is the dissipation rate. We have shown that,
starting from any initial condition, our method leads to a pure squeezed state in the
resulting steady state whose amount of squeezing is fixed by the value of ² [8].
Additionally, we consider the application of our squeezing jump operator (2) to cold
Bose gases in an optical lattice [8]. Here, there is a competition of unitary and
dissipative
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dynamics: the on-site interaction term in the Hamiltonian has the Fock states as the
steady states, while the dissipative term drives the system towards the state close to
the coherent state. This competition leads to a non-equilibrium phase transition. We
have found that the extension of our formalism to an optical lattice gives control of the
phase boundaries between the condensed and non-condensed thermal states in the
steady-state phase diagram (see Fig. 4). Besides the conventional condensed and noncondensed thermal states, we have discovered a new phase, so to speak, “thermal
condensed” state characterized by a non-zero condensate fraction (non-zero offdiagonal elements of the density matrix) and thermal-like particle number statistics
(see Fig. 5). Currently, in collaboration with Prof. Diehl, we are studying the physical
implementation of our squeezing jump operator [9]. There, we consider a Bose gas in
two narrow wells embedded in a wide harmonic potential. This system is immersed in
a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of a different species of bosonic atoms, which works
as a reservoir of Bogoliubov excitations. Each narrow well holds either the state φ1 or
φ2, corresponding to ˆa1 and ˆa2. These states are Raman coupled to an even parity
state φe and an odd parity one φo in the wide harmonic potential. Atoms excited to φe
and φo decay into φ1 and φ2 by emitting Bogoliubov excitations in the background
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Bose-Einstein condensate. This process yields the dissipative dynamics described by
the master equation.
C. Review article on nuclear “pasta” [12]
(in collaboration with Dr. Maruyama)
In terrestrial matter, atomic nuclei are roughly spherical. However, this common
wisdom does not necessarily hold for matter in supernovae and neutron stars. There,
density of matter is very high and can reach the value inside the atomic nuclei
themselves, i.e., the normal nuclear density ρ0 ' 0.165 nucleons fm−3 corresponding to
' 3£1014 g cm−3. It has been expected that, in such a high-density environment, nuclei
will adopt various shapes such as spaghetti-like rods and lasagna-like slabs, etc. [13, 14]
(see Fig. 6). These nonspherical nuclei are collectively called nuclear “pasta” and the
phases with these nuclei as “pasta” phases. After these pioneering works, existence of
the pasta phases has been examined by many researchers using various nuclear models.
However, all of these studies are based on the
static framework and focus only on the equilibrium state, mainly the ground state. Thus,
a fundamental problem whether or not the pasta phases are actually formed in young
neutro stars in the cooling process and supernova cores in the stage of the gravitational
collaps was unclear. In this situation since 2002, we have been studying the above
question using a molecular dynamics method for nucleon many-body systems called
the Quantum Molecula Dynamics (QMD) and have unveiled the formation process of
the pasta phases recently [16–21]. These achievements are recognized in the
community of the nuclear astrophysics and we were invited to contribute a chapter in a
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book “Neutron Star Crust” edited by Professors C. A. Bertulani and J. Piekarewicz. In
our chapter, “Nuclear pasta in supernovae and neutron stars”, we review a series of
our studies about the pasta phases using QMD for a wide spectrum of researchers [12].
There, we also provide the astrophysical background of supernovae and neutron stars
and overview the history of the study of the pasta phases.
D. Possible future projects
Recently, there has been much interest in the dynamical properties of the ultracold
atomic systems. One ongoing problem in this field is to find transport coefficients like
viscosity and spin diffusivity in the ultracold atomic systems. Since the proposed
minimum bound (¯h/4πkB) for the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density from
AdS/CFT formalism [22], people have sought the near-perfect quantum fluid. One
coldest candidate system is the ultracold atomic Fermi gases at the strongly interacting
unitary regime (in the hottest side, there is quark-gluon plasma in RHIC). Since the
quasi-particle picture breaks down at the strongly interacting system, the approach
using Boltzmann’s kinetic theory is not reliable. In this case, the most reliable method
available is calculating the viscosity from the current-current correlation function in
the lattice even though there are several technical difficulties. Another interesting
problem is to studying the quantum turbulence in the BCS side of the ultracold Fermi
gas. Even though the quantum turbulence is initiated by the Kelvin waves (helical
displacements of vortex filaments) via vortex reconnections, the mechanism of
quantum dissipation in the BCS side is somewhat different; the quasi-particle bound
states in the vortex core are responsible for it in the BCS case while the acoustic
phonons play a role in the BEC case. Vortex reconnection has been studied in BEC side
[23] and there are some efforts in the Fermi gas at unitarity. Probably, we might
investigate the vortex reconnection problem in the BCS side of the ultracold Fermi gas
to understand the quantum dissipation better.
[ Section II.A.1: Swallowtail band structure in an optical lattice ]
[1] G. Watanabe, S. Yoon, and F. Dalfovo, arXiv:1108.0042 [cond-mat.quant-gas].
[2] B. Wu, R. B. Diener, and Q. Niu, Phys. Rev. A 65, 025601 (2002).
[3] D. Diakonov, L. M. Jensen, C. J. Pethick, and H. Smith, Phys. Rev. A 66, 013604 (2002).
[ Section II.A.2: Critical velocity in the BCS-BEC crossover ]
[4] G. Watanabe, F. Dalfovo, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033621 (2011).
[5] D. E. Miller, J. K. Chin, C. A. Stan, Y. Liu, W. Setiawan, C. Sanner, and W. Ketterle, Phys.
Rev. Lett. 99, 070402 (2007).
[6] G. Watanabe, F. Dalfovo, F. Piazza, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 80,
053602 (2009).
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[7] G. Watanabe, G. Orso, F. Dalfovo, L. P. Pitaevskii, and S. Stringari, Phys. Rev. A 78,
063619 (2008).
[Section II.B: Quantum state engineering using dissipation — dissipation-induced
squeezing ]
[8] G. Watanabe and H. M¨akel¨a, arXiv.1101.4845 [cond-mat.quant-gas].
[9] G. Watanabe, S. Diehl, and H. M¨akel¨a, to be published.
[10] S. Diehl, A. Micheli, A. Kantian, B. Kraus, H. P. B¨uchler, and P. Zoller, Nature Phys. 4,
878 (2008).
[11] B. Kraus, H. P. B¨uchler, S. Diehl, A. Kantian, A. Micheli, and P. Zoller, Phys. Rev. A 78,
042307 (2008).
[ Section II.C: Review article on nuclear “pasta” ]
[12] G. Watanabe and T. Maruyama, to appear in “Neutron Star Crust”, eds. C. A.
Bertulani and J. Piekarewicz, arXiv:1109.3511 [nucl-th].
[13] D. G. Ravenhall, C. J. Pethick, and J. R. Wilson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 2066 (1983).
[14] M. Hashimoto, H. Seki, and M. Yamada, Prog. Theor. Phys. 71, 320 (1984).
[15] K. Oyamatsu, Nucl. Phys. A561, 431 (1993).
[16] G. Watanabe, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 66, 012801(R) (2002).
[17] G. Watanabe, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 68, 035806 (2003).
[18] G. Watanabe, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 69, 055805 (2004).
[19] G. Watanabe, T. Maruyama, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94,
031101 (2005).
[20] H. Sonoda, G. Watanabe, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys. Rev. C 77,
035806 (2008).
[21] G. Watanabe, H. Sonoda, T. Maruyama, K. Sato, K. Yasuoka, and T. Ebisuzaki, Phys.
Rev. Lett. 103, 121101 (2009).
[ Section II.D: Possible future projects ]
[22] D. T. Son and A. O. Starinets, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57, 95 (2007).
[23] J. Koplik and H. Levine, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 1375 (1993).
■ Member
Name
Title
Nationality
Period
Gentaro
WATANABE
Leader/Prof.
Japan
May 1, 2010-Apr. 30, 2015
Sukjin Yoon
Dr.
Korea
Mar. 31, 2011-Feb. 28, 2013
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2-5. Loop Quantum Gravity and the Small Scale Structure of Space-time
■ Leader – Prof. Hanno Sahlmann
(PhD. Max Planck Inst. for Gravitational Physics & Potsdam Univ., Germany (2002))
■ Period: Since Oct. 22, 2010
■ Overview
My published research results achieved during the time covered by this report mainly
come from three areas:
a. Entropic gravity,
b. Quantum Chern-Simons theory and the description of quantum black holes,
c. Applications of the no-boundary wave-function
For entropic gravity1, I have continued to explore the consequences, that providing a
more detailed description of the microstates have on the picture at large scales. In
particular, I have considered “atoms of area” that have a bounded energy spectrum
[5]2.The motivation behind this is that since the atoms of area have finite dimensional
state spaces in many models accounting for black hole entropy and their energy must
hence be bounded. It turns out that there are drastic deviations from Newton’s law in
the strong field regime for such systems. In particular, there is a minimal radius, and at
that radius the gravitational acceleration diverges. It is tempting to identify this radius
with the Schwarzschild radius, but it turns out that the minmal radius scales with the
geometric mean of Schwarzschild radius and Compton radius of the atoms,
.
This shows that to reproduce Newtons law, the atoms have to be able to store enough
energy individually, thus giving some insight into the microphysics necessary to make
the entropic gravity scenario viable.
Quantum Chern-Simons theory is of great interest in mathematics (because of its links
to knot theory, topology and quantum groups), as well as in physics (because, for
suitable structure groups, it is three dimensional quantum gravity). Together with T.
Thiemann, I was able to show how one can apply the mathematical formalism used in
loop quantum gravity to calculate Chern-Simons expectation values for compact
structure groups in a completely novel way [6], which may give interesting
mathematical insights. This finding was at first a big surprise, as it shows that
quantum group structures are hidden in the quantum kinematics of loop quantum
1
See for example: T. Jacobson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1260 (1995), T. Padmanabhan, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 17, 1147 (2002), E. P.
Verlinde, arXiv:1001.0785 [hep-th]
2
Bracketed numbers here and in the following refer to my publication list which is contained in the next section.
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gravity (LQG), but by now I think I may understand the physical reasons behind it: It
was long known that Chern-Simons theory was needed for the description of black
hole horizons in LQG, from an effective description in which the space-times that were
quantized contained a horizon already classically.3 In my work [4] I have been able to
specify a quantum horizon condition which describes the horizon of a black hole
entirely from within the quantum theory. Using the new results, I was still able to show
from this quantum condition that certain degrees of freedom are described by a
Chern-Simons theory. Crucially, the structure group turns out to be ISU(2), not SU(2)
as previously thought. This means that the horizon theory is simply Euclidean 3d
gravity, clarifying the geometric picture in the quantum theory. Moreover, the result
opens a new perspective: the dynamics of the horizon - and perhaps even the
production of Hawking radiation - can now be studied in quantum theory.
The no-boundary (or Hartle-Hawking) wave function4 is a proposed ground state for
canonical quantum gravity defined by a path integral over Euclidean geometries.
Together with and D. Hwang D. Yeom, I have studied this wave function for scalar
tensor gravity [3]. The motivation for this was that this setup enables one to calculate
a priori probabilities for cosmological constant and gravitational coupling constant.
Key for our work was to calculate a good approximation for the wave function. We
used complex stationary points (“fuzzy instantons”) and numerical methods. We were
able to show that, contrary to previous beliefs, the probabilities do not depend so
much on the effective cosmological constant and gravitational coupling, but on some
other aspects of the potential for the gravitational scalar. In particular, this means that
vanishing cosmological constant is not infinitely preferred, and this could also
partially fix the dilaton stabilization problem, which occurs in scalar tensor theories
derived from string theory.
3
See for example A. Ashtekar, J. Baez, A. Corichi and K. Krasnov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 904 (1998)
4
J. B. Hartle and S. W. Hawking, Phys. Rev. D 28, 2960 (1983)
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■ Research highlight
A. Chern-Simons theory and quantum black holes
At the heart of these developments [4,6] is the discovery that we can compute the
expectation values of holonomies in Chern-Simons theory with compact semisimple
structure group using the mathematical formalism of LQG completely from scratch.
For example we obtained those for Hopf links (see figure) with arbitrary
representations in SU(2) Chern-Simons theory,
with
the quantum integer for
. These numbers are at a nexus of
many important concepts in mathematics and theoretical physics: First off, as
generalization of the Jones polynomial, they are link
invariants. Witten showed5 that such expectation
values are related to 2d conformal field theory: The
numbers above are, up to normalization, the
Verlinde coefficients6 of the SU(2)k WZW model. At
the same time, they are given by the trace of the
Figure 1: The Hopf link used in the square of the R-matrix of the quantum group
. Thus it is remarkable that we
text, together with a surface with Uq(su(2)) on
can now calculate them in a framework related to
the quantization of 4d gravity, and ours is the only
quantum field theoretical calculation of such quantities that does not use conformal
QFT, as far as I know.
How do these numbers show up in LQG? It turns out they are related to the spectrum
of certain exponentiated flux operators. LQG is a canonical quantization program, and
one of the variables, E is a densitized triad in the adjoint representation of SU(2).7
Usually, its flux through a surface S, given by
boundary being one of the loops
is used in the quantum theory, but we instead consider something like an
exponentiated flux,
5
E. Witten, Commun. Math. Phys. 121, 351 (1989).
6
E. P. Verlinde, Nucl. Phys. B 300, 360 (1988)
7
For an overview see for example A. Ashtekar, J. Lewandowski, Class. Quant. Grav. 21, R53 (2004)
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Here, K is an integration kernel that takes care of the surface ordering. The
holonomies hs connect the point s on the surface with a base point on the boundary of
S via a system of paths in the surface, as in the non-Abelian Stokes theorem. It is a
mildly puzzling fact is that in LQG the components of E do not commute in the
quantum theory. But in the present context, this is vital: The above definition needs
an ordering prescription, and we use the Duflo isomorphism, an object from the
theory of Lie algebras, to give this ordering. Then it turns out that
is a matrix
with non-commuting entries that nevertheless resembles an SU(2) element. We
calculated the spectrum of traces in SU(2) representations, and this is given by
. How to get the Chern-Simons expectation values? The
operators corresponding to E act like functional derivatives with respect to a
connection, and when acting on the CS action, they give curvature. Curvature can be
integrated to give holonomy via the non-abelian Stokes theorem. Thus holonomies
can be replaced by the operators
which are well defined in the LQG Hilbert space.
A short calculation then relates spectral values and the holonomy expectation values.
These results have some physical and mathematical ramifications. As for the physics,
one of the conditions for a surface being a particular type of black hole horizon reads8
,
where the arrow stands for pullback to the horizon surface. Therefore, using the new
operators obtained above, we can ask for
as an equation for quantum states containing such a horizon. Here S is a surface
contained entirely in the horizon. I was able to show that this quantum horizon
condition has solutions, and the solution spaces on the horizon have the structure of
quantum ISU(2) Chern-Simons theory with particles, which is widely thought to be
equivalent to 3d Euclidean gravity with point particle matter (see figure). This is very
encouraging, as the emerging horizon theory then has a clear-cut geometric
interpretation. It is in contrast to earlier treatments, where SU(2) Chern-Simons
theory was put in by hand before quantization, and had no obvious geometric
interpretation.
8
J. Engle, A. Perez and K. Noui, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 031302 (2010)
APCTP Status Report 2011
98
Figure 2: A gravitational excitation runs into a spatial horizon
slice H and endows it with area and non-trivial holonomy via
the quantum horizon condition.. The intersection looks to
the CS theory like a particle
As for mathematical ramifications,
these results hint at a deep
connection between the Duflo
isomorphism and the theory of
quantum groups. The connecting
link may be Kirillov’s orbit method9,
which exhibits a link between
irreducible representations of Liegroups and their co-adjoint orbits,
as the quantization of the field E in
LQG can be understood in these terms. But altogether, we are still not understanding
this well, and are investigating further.
B. No-boundary wave function for scalar-tensor gravity
One of the big challenges of contemporary physics
is to obtain a working theory of quantum gravity.
But even with such a theory in hand there could
presumably remain questions of why the initial
conditions of the gravitational field, or even it’s
Figure
3:
Typical
shape
of
potential
for
the
coupling strength or other constants of nature,
were what they were. It is therefore interesting to
look for ways in which such initial conditions can
be specified in a natural way. With this in mind D.
Hwang, D, Yeom, and I have studied quantum
scalar-tensor theory [3]. In this generalization of
Einstein’s theory, gravitational coupling and
cosmological constant can be dynamical: With a
non-trivial potential, one can typically find
solutions of the classical equations in which the
scalar φ carries out small oscillations around a
minimum in the potential. Such a minimum can
then be thought of as determining a pair of
effective constants G,Λ.
Scalar tensor theory can be obtained from string theory upon introduction of the
gravitational scalar
dilaton field. The dilaton field is then related to coupling parameters of all interactions
9
A. A.Kirillov, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 36: 433–488 (1999)
APCTP Status Report 2011
99
in string theory, and questions about the value of the gravitational coupling strength
are thus connected to the dilaton stabilization problem, which has currently no
commonly accepted answer.
Upon quantization of the theory, each quantum state gives probabilities for the values
of φ, and these can, provided the state allows for a suitable classical interpretation, be
translated into probabilities for effective constants G,Λ.. Such quantum states are
obviously not unique, but for the canonical formulation of quantum gravity, the noboundary (or Hartle-Hawking) wave function10
is such a proposal for a natural initial state of the universe. Here g is the metric, the
fields with superscript (3) live on a spatial slice, and the path integral on the right is
over 4d fields such that there is only one boundary (the spatial slice), and the 4d
fields give the 3d fields on the boundary. SE is the Euclidean action.
In our work we approximate the no-boundary wave function in the mini-superspace
setting The techniques we employ are similar to those of Hartle, Hawking, and
Hertog11, who studied the no-boundary proposal for gravity coupled to an ordinary
scalar field.
We find that for suitable potentials, the
probability for obtaining nonzero G,Λ is
nonvanishing. Furthermore, we find that one
can obtain a stable dilaton with non-zero
probability. This is in contrast to previous
arguments suggesting that the probability for
seeing a de-Sitter space is effectively zero.
Our new results are obtained by applying the
Figure 4: Euclidean action (which determines
probabilities)
for
left
and
right
rolling
method of steepest descent to the path
integral defining the no-boundary wave
function, and using numerical methods. We
find that the leading order contributions
two (G,Λ) pairs is preferred
come from complex solutions, so called fuzzy
instantons. The fuzzy instantons that we observe are of a new type, as compared to
earlier work This is due to the fact, that the potentials we consider have localized
histories. No minimum, and hence none of the
10
J. B. Hartle and S. W. Hawking, Phys. Rev. D 28, 2960 (1983)
11
J. B. Hartle, S. W. Hawking and T. Hertog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 201301 (2008)
APCTP Status Report 2011
100
maximums. These new instantons show a phase of false vacuum inflation, during
which the scalar spends time near a local maximum of the potential before eventually
rolling down to one of the local minima.
As an example, we have shown one of the potentials that was used in the investigation,
as well as the Euclidean action for certain initial conditions, which can be translated
into probabilities for certain classical histories to emerge. As one can see, neither the
left nor the right minimum of the potential are preferred by these probabilities. More
detailed analysis shows that indeed the probabilities are largely set by the properties
of the local maximum between the minima.
These results can also be used to argue a partial resolution of the modulo stabilization
problem, by moving the position of the second minimum far off to the right. Now the resulting
“unstable” region is still not substantially preferred. This would be a huge improvement over
the previous belief that the unstable region is exponentially preferred.
■ Member
Name
Title
Hanno SAHLMANN
Leader/Prof.
APCTP Status Report 2011
Nationality
Germany
Period
Oct.22, 2010-Oct.21, 2015
101
2-6. Biological and Soft Matter Physics Group
■ Leader – YongSeok Jho (PhD. KAIST, Korea (2006))
■ Period: Since June 1, 2011
■ Overview
The long term goal of the group is to contribute to the understanding of the electrostatic and dynamic properties of biological and soft system including the charged
polymers, colloids, and membranes. Focuses are made on their structure, instability,
function, and dynamics. The combining approaches of theory and simulation are
applied to bridge the different length and time scales of phenomena.
■ Research
There are three main research subjects the group is concentrating on.
① The electrostatic properties of water
In spite of its simple structure, water is known as one of the most extraordinary
material. About 70% of our body is consisted of the water. Due to the ubiquitous
presence of water in biological system, the interaction between biomolecules is also
strongly affected by the water. Water induces the hydrophobic interaction and
significantly reduces charge interaction between charged biomolecules dissolving
into water. Especially, it shows strong anomalous behaviors at the various interfaces.
We will study the origin of this anomaly in the interface and bulk. Hierarchical
simulation from quantum mechanical scale to coarse grained level is used to consider
both the anisotropy of water molecule and the long range correlation at the same time.
② Field theoretical and particle simulations on the charged biological system
The understanding of charged macromolecules, for example polyelectrolyte, is very
challenging because it requires combining expertise in electrostatics, statistical
mechanics, and macromolecular physics. In this study, we develop numerical methods
and theory which can be applied beyond mean field regime. We will first extend the
current FTS model to non-mean field charged polymer systems. Then, we will find the
general approaches finding numerical solution without any approximation.
③ Charged polymers in neuron system
Neuron is in charge of the electrical and chemical signal transport in our body. Many
compartments of neuron are charged and use charge interaction for its stability and
functionality. In this sense, it is a very good example to apply our theoretical and
numerical developments. Moreover, this study is not only important to the
understanding of biological systems but also contributes to a broad spectrum of
APCTP Status Report 2011
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technological applications in medical field. We study the stability of Microtubule
complex, neurofilament, the signal transport at the synapse, and their malfunctions,
which lead major neuro-disorder diseases, in collaboration with experimental and
theoretical groups.
3.0
A. Repulsion
oppositely
charged
macroions
4.800
4.200
3.600
2.5
3.000
2.400
2.0
The
1.800
1.200

0
1.0
0.5
-2
10
0.5
1.0
-3
concentraion (M)
10
q=3, experiment (ref.11)
1.5
2.0
2.5
q=3, uniform
interaction
between
oppositely
charged
macroions
is
investigated using Grand Canonical Monte
Carlo simulations of an unrestricted
primitive model, including the
effect of inhomogeneous surface
charge and its density, the depth
of surface charge, the counterion
size,
and
the
dielectric
permittivity of solvent and
macroions, and their contrast.
0.6000
1.5
repulsive
between
planar
3.0
 discrete
q=3,
q=4, experiment (ref.11)
q=4, uniform
q=4, discrete
-4
10
-5
10
The origin of the repulsion is a
Figure 5Simulation results are directly compared with experimental results. It presents the
combination of osmotic pressure
critical concentrationas a function of the dielectric constant of solvent.The critical concentration
50
60
70
80
goes down as decreasing ϵ2.
Lower
dielectricconstant
of
solvent
screens
the
electrostatic
dielectric constant of solvent ( )
and ionic screening resulting
interaction less, which leads stronger interaction between surface chargesand multivalent
counterions in the bulk. The decrease in potential near the surface requires more counterions
from excess salt between the
beingnear the surface to make balance in the chemical potential. Effectively, it corresponds to
an increase of salt concentration.This excess salt screens the surface charge attraction and as
macroions.
well as increases the entropic pressure. Overall, the repulsion is possible under the smaller salt
concentration. In the same context, it is obvious that tetravalentsolvent has lower critical
concentration than trivalent solvent. Higher valent counterions induce stronger
The excess charge over-reduces
electrostaticcoupling.
the electrostatic attraction between macroions and raises the entropic repulsion. The
magnitude of the repulsion increases when the dielectric constant of the solvent is
lowered (below that of water) and/or the surface charge density is increased, in good
agreement with experiment. Smaller size of surface charge and the counterion, their
-6
(a)
10

discreteness and mobility are another factors to enhance the repulsion and charge
inversion phenomenons
B. Effect discreteness and mobility of surface charge on charged colloid
system
The aggregation of the equally charged large colloids, whose size is up to 50 nm, is
Figure 6The calculation of the density includes the total numberof counterions within a
distance r < Rd/2, from the particle center (see inset of Fig. 5). The distribution
APCTP
Status Report 2011
ofcounterions around each particle should be spherically symmetric if the two macroions
are separated by an infinitedistance. The figure shows that the distribution has maximum at
ϕ= 0, and θ= π/2, ie. counterions prefers to stay inthe bridging region. Especially, discrete,
mobile surfaces attract more counterions in the bridging regionthan uniform surfaces which
103
observed by means of Monte Carlo simulation. The discreteness and motion of surface
charge promote the electrostatic correlation between colloidal surfaces, and give rise to
their aggregation. When the colloids are nearby, more counterions are localized between
collids than outside, which amplify the correlation induced attraction. Remarkably, the
aggregation is more effective for large size of colloids when their surface charge is discrete.
■ Member
Name
Title
Nationality
Period
YongSeok Jho
Leader/Prof.
Korea
June 1,2011-May 31, 2016
Adi Constantinescu
Dr.
Romania
Sep. 1,2011-Aug. 31, 2012
Yann Magnin
Dr.
France
Nov. 15, 2011-Nov. 14, 2012
Yong-Jin Lee
Mr.
Korea
Aug. 1, 2011-July 31, 2013
Seong-Min Jeong
Mr.
Korea
Sep. 15, 2011-Sep. 14, 2012
2-7. Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology
■ Leader – Ki Young Choi (PhD. Seoul National University, Korea (2005))
■ Period: Since July 1, 2011
APCTP Status Report 2011
104
■ Overview
Cosmology is the study of the Universe as a whole to understand its birth, gro
wth, shape, size and eventual fate. Modern cosmology is characterized by the St
andard Big Bang theory, which brings together observational astronomy and par
ticle physics. The Astro-Particle Physics and Cosmology group in APCTP is strug
gling to find answers aboutwhat is dark matter and how they aregenerated in t
he early Universe, what is the origin of the primordial density fluctuation and
how they are generated during the inflation.
■ Research
We are mainly interested in the following topics:
1. What is Dark Matter?
This is one of the most urgent questions that must be solved. The dark matters are
invisible but act gravitationally in the rotation of galaxies, in the gravitational lensing,
in the formation of large scale structures and in the temperature anisotropy of the
cosmic microwave background radiation. We aim to construct the most natural and
consistent model for dark matter that explains the inconsistencies between the visible
matter and gravitational matter observed in astrophysics and cosmology. We identify
the evidences of dark matter and develop a particle physics model to explain it. We
analyze the model and then find the predictions to detect dark matter in the colliders,
in the present sky and also in the early Universe.
2. How was the Primordial Density Perturbation Generated?
There were small fluctuations in the matter density of the early Universe, and they are
amplified by the gravitational collapse in the matter-dominated universe particularly
by cold dark matter. The evolution of the density leads to the structures of the present
Universe such as the galaxy halos, galaxy clusters where we live in. The cosmic
microwave background (CMB) is a remnant of the primordial perturbation at the time
of last scattering of photons. We are trying to develop a model which can generate the
primordial density perturbation and predict the shape of the fluctuation, especially the
isocurvature perturbation, non-Gaussianity and the gravitational waves from the early
Universe. One of the most attractive way to generate the perturbation is during the
inflationary period. This enables us to connect the most earliest time of the Universe to
the observations today.
3. The Early Universe and the Beyond Standard Model.
The existence of new particles in the beyond standard model modifies the physical
states of the early Universe and changes the evolution history. The early Universe is
APCTP Status Report 2011
105
used to test and constrain the new models of particle physics which is complementary
laboratory to the particle physics experiments on the ground. In other way the new
degrees of freedom of particle physics give new insights and opens a window to the
understanding of the early Universe as well as the present Universe.
<Research Highlight>
A. Natural Hybrid inflation model
In a recent paper [arXiv:1109.4245], we proposed an inflationary model ("natural
hybrid model"), which combines the supersymmetric hybrid model and the natural
inflation model to achieve the spectral index of 0.96, and the axion decay constant
smaller than the Planck scale, f<< M_P. By introducing both U(1)_R and a shift
symmetry and employing the minimal Kahler potential, the eta-problem can be still
avoided. The two inflaton fields in this model can admit large non-Gaussianity
B. Axion N-flation models
The pseudoscalar particles that exist in the string theory can be the source of t
he cosmic inflation. If sufficient number of axions cooperate then they can ensu
re enough inflation without any problem with the energy scale of the symmetry
breaking. This is called N-flation model. In the recent paper [Soo A Kim et al.,
arXiv:1108.2944], the density perturbation of N-flation model was thoroughly e
xamined and the signatures for large non-Gaussianity is studied in much of its
parameter range. In this paper we extend our analysis in several directions. In
the case of equal-mass axions, we compute the probability distributions of obse
rvables and their correlations across the parameter space. We examine the case
of unequal masses, and show that the mass spectrum must be very densely p
acked if the model is to remain in agreement with observations. The model ma
kes specific testable predictions for all major perturbative observables, namely t
he spectral index, tensor-to-scalar ratio, bispectrum, and trispectrum.
C. Axino cold dark matter
Axino arises in supersymmetric versions of axion models and is a natural candi
date for cold or warm dark matter. In the paper of Ki-Young Choi et al. [arXiv:
1108.2282] we studied axino dark matter produced thermally and non-thermally
in light of recent developments. First we discuss the definition of axino relative
to low energy axion one for different classes of axion models. Then we review
and refine the computation of the dominant QCD production in order to avoid
unphysical cross-sections and, depending on the model, to include production vi
a SU(2) and U(1) interactions and Yukawa couplings.
APCTP Status Report 2011
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■ Member
Name
Title
Nationality
Period
Ki Young Choi
Leader/Prof.
Korea
July 1,2011-June 30, 2016
Soo A Kim
Dr.
Korea
July 1,2011-June 30, 2013
Subhayan Mandal
Dr.
India
Nov. 1, 2011-Oct. 31, 2012
2-8. Emergent Dynamics of Complex Living Systems
■ Leader – Pan-Jun Kim(PhD. KAIST, Korea (2008))
■ Period: Since December 1, 2011
APCTP Status Report 2011
107
■ Overview
Life is the fundamental physical process that brings individual molecules or organisms to
collective phenomena of biological systems. In order to understand life satisfactorily, we
need to devise a statistical mechanics of underlying biological elements, which links
diverse scales of time and space. Aided by the recent availability of high-throughput
experimental data, our group focuses on modeling and analysis of such biological
behaviors, emerging from subcellular to ecological scales. Universal insights gained by
this approach may also guide explanation and prediction of other collective phenomena,
e.g., those observed in social and economical systems.
■ Research
Genetic interaction in the microbial world
Recent technologies have generated enormous amount of biological data at various
scales. Computational methodologies enable global analyses of such data, allowing
scientists to gain insights that will bring leaps of fundamental understanding of complex
biological processes, and may lead to significant breakthroughs in improving human
health. We are interested in providing a quantitative framework for unraveling the
collective behavior of biomolecules, cells, and organisms, aided by detailed analyses of
large-scale biological datasets. To demonstrate one of these efforts, we remind that the
phenotype of any organism on earth is, in large part, the consequence of interplay
between numerous gene products encoded in the genome, and such interplay between
gene products affects the evolutionary fate of the genome itself through the resulting
phenotype. For example, proteins produced from one gene may be bound to other
proteins produced from another gene to perform together a particular biological task,
and such pair of cooperative genes may often reside together in the same organisms as
this co-residence is beneficial to the organisms. We analyzed thousands of genes across
~600 bacterial species, and found genes with favored co-occurrence in the same
organisms (termed correlogs) or disfavored co-occurrence (termed anti-correlogs).
These co-occurrence patterns are significantly reflective of actual biochemical interplays
between genes, and distinct cliques of correlogous genes are seamlessly interrelated
through anti-correlogous links between the cliques. The ‘sociology’ of genes inferred by
this approach provides useful information on how to engineer a cell, such as for
production of a desired bioproduct.
■ Members
Name
Title
Nationality
Period
Pan-Jun Kim
Prof.
Korea
Dec. 1, 2011- Nov. 31, 2016
2-9. Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
■ Research Professor – Ki-Seok Kim (PhD. POSTECH, Korea (2004))
■ Period: Oct. 1, 2008-Feb. 29, 2012
APCTP Status Report 2011
108
■ Overview
Purpose
Quantum phase transitions in strongly correlated electrons give rise to crisis in two
cornerstones of modern theory of metals, Landau Fermi liquid theory and LandauGinzburg-Wilson framework. In particular, the origin of non-Fermi liquid near
quantum critical points of heavy fermions and doped Mott insulators has been
debated for several decades, and mechanism of superconductivity out of non-Fermi
liquids has been one of the outstanding problems in condensed matter physics. We
try to reveal the nature of non-Fermi liquid physics and mechanism of
superconductivity based on the field theory approach.
Contents
Electron fractionalization occurs in extreme conditions such as Luttinger liquid of
one dimensional interacting electrons and fractional quantum Hall states under
strong magnetic fields. We claim that this phenomenon may occur in another
extreme condition near the metal-insulator Mott transition. This fractionalization
scenario is based on a novel quantum state of matter called spin liquid, regarded as a
spin 1/2 “Fermi liquid” but an insulator which has all kinds of symmetries. An
important question is how to observe electron fractionalization in experiments.
Based on the spin-charge separation scenario in the spin liquid state, we evaluate
various correlation functions in the Eliashberg theoretical framework and compare
such theoretical results and predictions with experiments (thermodynamics, various
transport coefficients, spectra of collective modes, …). In particular, we focus on
heavy fermion quantum criticality based on the Kondo breakdown mechanism or an
orbital selective Mott transition.
Unfortunately, fitting to experiments is not sufficient because fitting is sometimes
regarded as cheating. In particular, the gauge theoretical framework has a much
complex theoretical structure, thus we should check the theoretical self-consistency
of the gauge theory, i.e., whether the picture of electron fractionalization is allowed,
considering the theoretical consistency. We should take into account topological
excitations, corresponding to magnetic monopoles (instantons in one time and two
spatial dimensions) identified with skyrmion excitations in terms of original spin
variables. This issue is deeply related with confinement of “quarks”.
If deconfinement of fractionalized excitations is allowed fundamentally, the next
work is to check the Eliashberg approximation. Recently, it was claimed that the
Fermi surface problem turns out to have a similar theoretical structure with a matrix
model (non-abelian gauge theory), where all planar diagrams should be summed in
a non-perturbative way because they are all in the same order. In a while, some
perturbative analysis have been done based on the Eliashberg theory, claiming that
APCTP Status Report 2011
109
vertex corrections may modify several critical exponents of the Eliashberg theory.
Topological aspects in condensed matter physics got many interests. Recently,
various topological properties have been proposed in topological insulators. An
important question is how to observe such topological effects in experiments,
particularly, transport measurements. In addition, interaction effects are being
studied seriously. We expect that such interaction effects will generate novel
electrodynamics in the parameter (momentum) space, which can be measured in
Hall experiments.
Recently, we focus on the role of randomness in strongly correlated electrons. As this
problem has a long history, we are preparing for attacking the disorder problem step
by step.
■ Research
Key questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How to observe electron fractionalization at heavy quantum criticality
Non-Fermi liquid transport at heavy fermion quantum criticality
Interplay between topological excitations and itinerant electrons
Interplay between strong correlations and topological aspects (chiral anomaly)
Anomalous transport in topological insulators
A. Spin liquids in graphene, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 83, 125416 (2011)
We reveal that local interactions in graphene allow novel spin liquids between the
semimetal and antiferromagnetic Mott insulating phases, identified with algebraic spin
liquid and Z2 spin liquid, respectively. We argue that the algebraic spin liquid can be
regarded as the two-dimensional realization of one-dimensional spin dynamics, where
antiferromagnetic correlations show exactly the same power-law dependence as valence
bond correlations. The nature of the Z2 spin liquid turns out to be d + id_ singlet pairing,
but time-reversal symmetry is preserved, taking d + id_ in one valley and d − id_ in the
other valley. We propose the quantized thermal valley Hall effect as an essential feature of
this gapped spin liquid state. Quantum phase transitions among the semimetal, algebraic
spin liquid, and Z2 spin liquid are shown to be continuous while the transition from the Z2
spin liquid to the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator turns out to be first order. We
emphasize that both algebraic spin liquid and d ± id_ Z2 spin liquid can be verified by the
quantum Monte Carlo simulation, showing the enhanced symmetry in the algebraic spin
liquid and the quantized thermal valley Hall effect in the Z2 spin liquid.
APCTP Status Report 2011
110
B. Role of vertex corrections in the T-linear resistivity at the Kondobreakdown quantum critical point, PHYSICAL REVIEW B 84, 085117
(2011)
The Kondo-breakdown scenario has been claimed to allow the T -linear resistivity in the
vicinity of the Kondo-breakdown quantum critical point, two cornerstones of which are the
dynamical exponent z = 3 quantum criticality for hybridization fluctuations in three
dimensions and irrelevance of vertex corrections for transport due to the presence of
localized electrons. We revisit the issue of vertex corrections in electrical transport
coefficients. Assuming that two kinds of bosonic degrees of freedom, e.g., hybridization
excitations and gauge fluctuations, are in equilibrium, we derive coupled quantum
Boltzmann equations for two kinds of fermions, e.g., conduction electrons and spinons. We
reveal that vertex corrections play a certain role, changing the T -linear behavior into T 5/3
in three dimensions. However, the T 5/3 regime turns out to be narrow, and the T -linear
resistivity is still expected in most temperature ranges at the Kondo-breakdown quantum
critical point in spite of the presence of vertex corrections. We justify our evaluation,
showing that the Hall coefficient is not renormalized to remain as the Fermi-liquid value at
the Kondo-breakdown quantum critical point.
C. Dissipationless mechanism of skyrmion Hall current in doubleexchange ferromagnets, accepted in PHYSICAL REVIEW B
We revisit a theory of skyrmion transport in ferromagnets. On a basis of an effective U(1)
gauge theory for spin-chirality fluctuations in double-exchange ferromagnets, we derive an
expression for the velocity of a skyrmion core driven by the dc electric field. We find that
mutual feedback effects between conduction electrons and localized spins give rise to
Chern-Simons terms, suggesting a dissipationless mechanism for the skyrmion Hall current.
A conventional description of the current-induced skyrmion motion, appearing through the
spin transfer torque and scattering events, is reproduced in a certain limit of our
description, where the Chern-Simons terms are not fully incorporated. Our theory is
applicable to not only metallic but also insulating systems, where the purely topological
and dissipationless skyrmion Hall current can be induced in the presence of an energy gap.
D. Sondheimer Oscillation as a Fingerprint of Surface Dirac Fermions,”
accepted in PHYSICAL REVIEW B
APCTP Status Report 2011
111
Topological states of matter challenge the paradigm of symmetry breaking, characterized
by gapless boundary modes and protected by the topological property of the ground state.
Recently, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has revealed that
semiconductors of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 belong to such a class of materials. Here, we present
undisputable evidence for the existence of gapless surface Dirac fermions from transport in
Bi2Te3. We observe Sondheimer oscillation in magnetoresistance (MR). This oscillation
originates from the quantization of motion due to the confinement of electrons within the
surface layer. Based on Sondheimer’s transport theory, we determine the thickness of the
surface state from the oscillation data. In addition, we uncover the topological nature of the
surface state, fitting consistently both the non-oscillatory part of MR and the Hall
resistance. The side-jump contribution turns out to dominate around 1 T in Hall resistance
while the Berry-curvature effect dominates in 3 T ∼ 4 T.
E. Deconfined local quantum criticality in the holographic approach
Strongly coupled conformal field theory appears to describe universal scaling around
quantum criticality, where critical exponents reflect the nature of emergent excitations. In
particular, strong interactions can give rise to quantum number fractionalization, resulting
in enhancement of critical exponents and well known in one dimensional correlated
systems, the mechanism of which is an interplay between correlations and topological
terms. However, it is beyond the present paradigm to confirm higher dimensional
generalizations. Resorting to the holographic approach, we claim emergence of
fractionalized excitations, the hallmark of which is enhancement of critical exponents,
compared with the absence of the topological term. We discuss possible applications to
quantum criticality in fractional topological insulators, where an interplay between strong
correlations and theta vacua may allow fractionalization phenomena.
F. Preformed heavy-electrons at the Quantum Critical Point in heavy
fermion compounds
The existence of multiple energy scales is regarded as a signature of the Kondo breakdown
mechanism for explaining the quantum critical behavior of certain heavy fermion
compounds, like YbRh2Si2. The nature of the intermediate state between the heavy Fermi
liquid and the quantum critical region, however, remains elusive. In this study we suggest
an incoherent heavy-fermion scenario, where inelastic scattering with novel soft modes of
APCTP Status Report 2011
112
the dynamical exponent z = 3 gives rise to non-Fermi liquid physics for thermodynamics
and transport despite the formation of the heavy-fermion band. We discuss a crossover
from z = 3 to z = 1 for quantum phase fluctuations.
■ Members
Name
Title
Nationality
Period
Ki-Seok KIM
Research Prof.
Korea
Oct.1, 2008- Feb.29, 2012
Minh-Tien TRAN
Dr.
Vietnam
Aug.1, 2009-Feb.29, 2012
APCTP Status Report 2011
113
VI. Reports of Scientific Outreach Programs in 2011
1. Aim of Scientific Outreach Programs
2. Data of Scientific Outreach Programs
2-1.
Publications
2-2.
Forums, Lectures, Schools, etc
APCTP Status Report 2011
114
1. Aim of Scientific Outreach Programs
 Enhance the importance of basic science and attract more people to world
of physics
 Provide a friendly atmosphere where the general public and scientists can
interact with each other to promote popularization of physics
2. Data of Scientific Outreach Programs
2-1. Publications
Creation and distribution of high-quality scientific literary contents by the AP
scientist network
■ On-line Web-journal “Crossroads”
(1) Lead the Vision for Science, Future and Humanity
- Build up a network for scientist in the Asia-Pacific region and set an example
of science web-journal
- Expand the base of science and lead its popularization by communicating
with scientists
(2) Published monthly on-line both in English and Korean
- Volume 7 Issue 1 ~ Issue 12
(3) Total number of 82 articles
- Editorial (9), Column (16), Feature (8), Essay (27), SF (8), and HOT APCTP (9),
Physics Everywhere (5)
▣ Total Number of Visitors and Page Views
Item
2009
Visitors
(Page Views)
167,064
(232,254)
2010(Estimate)
292,593
(294,123)
2011
275,312
(279,637)
From August through December in 2010, the number of visitors increased
abnormally due to the operation of the Robot Program of several web engines
collecting information from the Crossroads Website in random. If the number is
estimated based on the average number from January to July, the total number
of visitors and page view is 292,593 and 294,123 respectively.
※
APCTP Status Report 2011
115
▣ The Number of Visitors and Page Views Worldwide
Korea
USA
Japan Canada
2009 144,758 12,695 386
1,221
2010 798,494 199,631 1,014 28,848
2011 182,426 29,123 358 46,702
Beijing
2,092
4,800
UK
282
538
3,800
12,035
Germany Etc.
288
5,342
714
30,603
482
386
2-2. Forums, Lectures, Schools, etc.
■ Science Communication Forum/Lecture
Science Communication Forums/Lectures demonstrate hot scientific issues of the
year to the public. Physicists and Scientists are invited to share their research and
discuss scientific issues.
No
Topic
1 The Universe and life
2
Atto-Science,
Catching Electrons
Period
Venue
Speaker
Participants
May. 30,
2011
POSTECH,
Pohang
Jai-chan Hwang
(Kyeongbuk Univ.)
140
Jul. 13,
2011
POSTECH,
Pohang
Paul Corkum
(Univ. of Ottawa)
165
Science
communication
forum to support
writers for creative
writings
Jong-Phil Lee
(Yonsei Univ.)
Aug. 10, APCTP Branch
3
& Sang-Jun Park
2011
Office, Seoul
(Science Fiction
Critic)
Gang-Yeong Lee
APCTP
Neutrinos faster than Dec. 9,
(KonKuk Univ.)
4
Headquarters,
light particles
2011
& Chang-Gyu Kim
Pohang
(Science Writer)
Total
19
16
340
■ Science Communication School
Science Communication Schools provide the university students with science writing
class and debating & presentation programs at the Center.
Topic
The nature of life in physics
APCTP Status Report 2011
Period
Venue
Aug. 8-10, 2011 APCTP, Pohang, Korea
Participants
24
116
■ Physics in Library
Physics in Library provides the public with lectures at libraries in Korea. Physicists,
Scientists and Science Writers deliver lectures to the public for a better understanding
of science and physics.
No
Topic
Period
Venue
Speaker
What is Nuclear Apr. 19,
Gang-Yeong Lee
Donghae Library
Power Generation? 2011
(KonKuk Univ.)
Black hole: Endless
May. 14,
Changnyung
Chang-Hwan Lee
2 efforts to see the
2011
Public Library (Pusan Nat’l Univ.)
invisible
How to create the May. 21,
Soonkeon Nam
3
Buan Library
Universe
2011
(Kyung Hee Univ.)
Samcheok
Lifelong
The world of music Jun. 11,
Junegone Chay
4
Education
through science
2011
(Korea Univ.)
Information
Center
Wan Sang Chung
Jun. 17,
5
Funny Physics
Geochang Library (Gyeongsang Nat’l
2011
Univ.)
Beom Jun Kim
Chaos and Complex Jun. 22,
Geumsan
6
(Sungkyunkwan
Systems
2011
Daragwon
Univ.)
A Journey into the
Jul. 18,
Jonghak Woo
7 Universe and Black
Aewol Library
2011
(Seoul Nat’l Univ.)
holes
The Smallest and
Gyeongbuk
Aug. 11,
Hang Bae Kim
8 the Biggest of the
Provincial Sang2011
(Hanyang Univ.)
World
ju Library
Light changing the Sep. 17,
Kyungwon An
9
Gapyeong Library
World
2011
(Seoul Nat’l Univ.)
Gwangyang
Sep. 20,
Kiejin Lee
10 Delicious Physics
Municipal
2011
(Sogang Univ.)
Library
Hawoong Jeong
Science is too
Sep. 24,
Jecheon City
(Korea Advanced
11
difficult!
2011
Library
Inst. of Sci. and
Tech.)
Chanju Kim
Atom, Universe
Oct. 7,
Pocheon City
12
(Ewha Womans
and I
2011
Ildong Library
Univ.)
1
Total
APCTP Status Report 2011
Participants
39
47
44
74
41
700
146
100
89
85
85
34
1,484
117
■ “Best Science Book 10” selected by APCTP (December 2011)
(1) The best science books are selected and promoted by APCTP for a wide
readership.
(2) The Asia Pacific Network Evening (To announce ‘Best Science Book 10’ and to
express gratitude for supporting to the APCTP): APCTP Headquarters, Pohang,
Dec. 9, 2011
No
Title
The date of Issue
1
Dinosaur Odyssey
Aug. 16, 2011
2 Parasites, Old Human Companions May. 9, 2011
3 The Sound of a Wild Snail Eating Aug. 22, 2011
Decoding Reality: the universe as
4
Sep. 29, 2011
quantum information
5
The Black Hole War
Aug. 31, 2011
6
Controversy on Social Biology
Sep. 1 , 2011
7
8
The Road to Reality
The Science of Laughter
Nov. 30, 2010
Jan. 21, 2011
9
10
The Dominant Animal
Sep. 21, 2011
LHC stands at the Forefront of
Modern Physics
Author
Scott D. Sampson
Jun-Ho Jeong
Elisabeth Tova Bailey
Vlatko Vedral
Leonard Susskind
G. C. Choi, S. G. Kim, H. S.
Kim, D. I. Jang, D. G. Kim, B.
H. Lee, J. H. Jeon, J. D. Lee
Roger Penrose
Yun-Seok Lee
Paul R. Ehrlich, Anne H.
Ehrlich
Feb. 20, 2011
Gang-Yeong Lee
■ Science in City Hall
Science in City Hall is held with Pohang City which includes high quality science
lectures and programs combining Science, Education, Art, and Experience.
No
Topic
Period Venue
Speaker
Participants
When Science and
Jul. 9, Pohang
Young Jik Kwag
1
408
Musical meets Newton 2011 City Hall
(Suwon Univ.)
When Science and
Oct. 22, Pohang
Wan Sang Chung
Performance meets
400
2
2011 City Hall (Gyeongsang Nat’l Univ.)
Einstein
Total
808
■ The 8th Pohang Family Science Festival held with Pohang City
Pohang Family Science Festival is held with Pohang City to stimulate interest in
science through wider participation and to nurture science leaders from the local area.
No
Topic
Period
Venue
Participants
1
Science in the Light
Nov. 11-13, 2011
Pohang Stadium
32,000
APCTP Status Report 2011
118
VII. List of Publications in 2011
1. Publications by APCTP members
1-1. Reprints
2. Publications supported by APCTP
2-1. Reprints
APCTP Status Report 2011
119
1. Publications by APCTP members
1-1. Reprints by APCTP members (45)
1) Hanno Sahlmann, Newton’s constant from a minimal length: additional models, Class.
Quantum Grav. 28 015006 (2011)
2) Hanno Sahlmann, Some results concerning the representation theory of the algebra
underlying loop quantum gravity, J. Math. Phys. 52, 012502 (2011)
3) Hanno Sahlmann, When do measures on the space of connections support the triad
operators of loop quantum gravity?, J. Math. Phys. 52, 012503 (2011)
4) Ki-Seok Kim, Critical particle-hole composites at twice the Fermi wave vector in a U(1)
spin liquid with a Fermi surface, Phys. Rev. B 83, 035123 (2011)
5) G. Oh, C. Eom, F.Wang, W.-S. Jung, H.E. Stanley, and Seunghwan Kim, Statistical
properties of cross-correlation in the Korean stock market, Eur. Phys. J. B 79, 55-60
(2011)
6) Hanno Sahlmann, Thomas Thiemann, Chern–Simons theory, Stokes’ theorem, and the
Duflo map, J. Geom. Phys. 61:1104-1121 (2011)
7) Michele Burrello, Giuseppe Mussardo, Xin Wan, Topological quantum gate
construction by iterative pseudogroup hashing, New J. Phys. 13 025023 (2011)
8) Ki-Seok Kim, C. P´epin, Thermopower as a fingerprint of the Kondo breakdown
quantum critical point, Phys. Rev. B 83, 073104 (2011)
9) Pakpoom Reunchan, Seung-Hoon Jhi, Metal-dispersed porous graphene for hydrogen
storage, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 093103 (2011)
10) Soumya P. Mukherjee, Effect of helical edge states on the tunneling conductance in
ferromagnet/noncentrosymmetric superconductor junction, Eur. Phys. J. B 80, 51-58
(2011)
11) Pakpoom Reunchan, Xin Zhou, Sukit Limpijumnong, Anderson Janotti,Chris G. Van
de Walle, Vacancy defects in indium oxide: An ab-initio study, Appl. Phys. Lett. 98,
093103 (2011)
12) Gentaro Watanabe, Franco Dalfovo, Lev P. Pitaevskii, Sandro Stringari, Effects of
periodic potentials on the critical velocity of superfluid Fermi gases in the BCS-BEC
APCTP Status Report 2011
120
crossover, Phys. Rev. A 83, 033621 (2011)
13) Zi-Xiang Hu, Ki H Lee, Edward H Rezayi, Xin Wan, Kun Yang, Scaling and non-Abelian
signature in fractional quantum Hall quasiparticle tunneling amplitude, New J. Phys. 13
035020 (2011)
14) Minh-Tien Tran, Ki-Seok Kim, Spin liquids in grapheme, Phys. Rev. B 83, 125416
(2011)
15) A Benlagra, K. –S. Kim, C P´epin, The Luttinger–Ward functional approach in the
Eliashberg framework: a systematic derivation of scaling for thermodynamics near the
quantum critical point, J. Phys. : Condens. Matter 23 (2011)
16) Deog Ki Hong, Anomalous currents in dense matter under a magnetic field, Physics
Letters B 699(2011)
17) Frank Pollmann, Joseph J. Betouras, Kirill Shtengel, Peter Fulde, Fermionic quantum
dimer and fully-packed loop models on the square lattice, Phys. Rev. B 83, 155117
18) Jongbae Hong, Kondo dynamics of quasiparticle tunneling in a two-reservoir Anderson
model, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 275602
19) Mew-Bing Wan, Universality and properties of neutron star type I critical collapses,
Class. Quantum Grav. 28 (2011) 155002 (17pp)
20) Jongbae Hong, A complete set of basis vectors of the Anderson model and its Kondo
dynamics, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 225601
21) Ee Chang-Young, Hiroaki Nakajima, Hyeonjoon Shin, Fermionic T-duality and Morita
equivalence, JHEP06(2011)002
22) Peter Thalmeier, Tetsuya Takimoto, Signatures of hidden-order symmetry in torque
oscillations, elastic constant anomalies, and field-induced moments in URu2Si2, Phys.
Rev. B 83, 165110 (2011)
23) Youngman Kim, Yunseok Seo,Ik Jae Shin,Sang-Jin Sin, Symmetry energy of dense
matter in holographic QCD, JHEP 1106 :011 (2011)
24) Ki-Seok Kim, Tetsuya Takimoto, Nambu-Eliashberg theory for multiscale quantum
criticality: Application to ferromagnetic quantum criticality in the surface of threedimensional topological insulators, Phys. Rev. B83:245138 (2011)
25) Chanyong Park, Do-Young Gwak, Bum-Hoon Lee, Yumi Ko,Sunyoung Shin, Soft wall
APCTP Status Report 2011
121
model in the hadronic medium, Phys. Rev. D 84, 046007 (2011)
26) Hanno Sahlmann, Black hole horizons from within loop quantum gravity, Phys. Rev.
D84:044049 (2011)
27) Ki-Seok Kim, Evidence of electron fractionalization in the Hall coefficient at Mott
criticality, Phys. Rev. B84, 085111 (2011)
28) Ki-Seok Kim, Role of vertex corrections in the T-linear resistivity at the Kondobreakdown quantum critical point, Phys. Rev. B84, 085117 (2011)
29) Youngman Kim, Deokhyun Yi, Holography at Work for Nuclear and Hadron Physics,
Adv. High Energy Phys. 2011:259025 (2011)
30) Heon-Jung Kim, Ki-Seok Kim,Mun Dae Kim,S.-J. Lee,J.-W. Han,A. Ohnishi, M. Kitaura,
and M. Sasaki, A. Kondo, and K. Kindo, Sondheimer Oscillation as a signature of surface
Dirac Fermions, Phys. Rev. B84, 125144 (2011)
31) Kyung-il Kim, Youngman Kim, Shingo Takeuchi, Takuya Tsukioka, Quark Number
Susceptibility with Finite Quark Mass in Holographic QCD, Prog. Theor. Phys. 126 (2011)
32) Minh-Tien Tran, Ki-Seok Kim, Competition between Kondo and RKKY correlations in
the presence of strong randomness, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 425602 (2011)
33) Hyun Kyu Lee, Back-to-back pair correlation of Majorana neutrinos with transit
magnetic moment, Phys. Rev. D 84, 077302 (2011)
34) Guanghon Zuo, Xin Zhou, Qing Huang, Haiping Fang, Ruhong Zhou, Adsorption of
Villin Headpiece onto Graphene, Carbon Nanotube, and C60: Effect of Contacting Surface
Curvatures on Binding Affinity, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115 (47)
35) Youngman Kim, Chang-Hwan Lee, Ik Jae Shin, Mew-Bing Wan, Holographic
equations of state and astrophysical compact objects, JHEP No.10,111 (2011)
36) Hanno Sahlmann, Energy equipartition and minimal radius in entropic gravity, Phys.
Rev. D 84, 104010 (2011)
37) Ki-Young Choi, Deog Ki Hong, Shinya Matsuzaki, Techni-dilaton as dark matter, J.
Physletb., Vol. 706, Issue 2 (2011)
38) Masaaki Nakamura, Satoshi Nishimoto, Aroon O'brien,Peter Fulde, METAL INSULATOR
TRANSITION OF THE SPINLESS FERMIONS ON THE KAGOM´E LATTICE, Modern Physics
Letters B, Volume 25, Issue 12-13, pp. 947-953 (2011)
APCTP Status Report 2011
122
39) Kwanhyun Jo, Youngman Kim, Sang Jin Sin, Holographic Mesons in D4/D6 Model
Revisited, J. Koran Phys. Soc. 59,2984 (2011)
40) Ki-Seok Kim, Hyun-Chul Kim, A phenomenological description of an incoherent Fermi
liquid near optimal doping in high Tc cuprates, 2011 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23
495701
41) Tetsuya TAKIMOTO, SmB6: A Promising Candidate for a Topological Insulator, J. Phys.
Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) 123710
42) Ki-Seok Kim, Kyung Kiu Kim, Youngman Kim, Yumi Ko, Criterion for the nature of
the superconducting transition in strongly interacting field theories: A holographic
approach, Phys. Rev. B 84, 184530 (2011)
43) Gentaro Watanabe, Sukjin Yoon, Franco Dalfovo, Swallowtail Band Structure of the
Superfluid Fermi Gas in an Optical Lattice, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 270404 (2011)
44) A. Sikora, N. Shannon, F. Pollmann and K. Penc, Peter Fulde, Extended quantum U(1)liquid phase in a three-dimensional quantum dimer model, Phys. Rev. B 84,
115129(2011)
45) A. Stoyanova, L. Hozoi, P. Fulde, H. Stoll, Wave-function-based approach to quasiparticle
bands: Insight into the electronic structure of c-ZnS, Phys. Rev. B 83, 205119 (2011)
APCTP Status Report 2011
123
2. Publications supported by APCTP
2-1. Reprints supported by APCTP (30)
1) Tobias Baldauf, Uros Seljak, Leonardo Senatore, Primordial non-Gaussianity in the
Bispectrum of the Halo Density Field, arXiv: 1011.1513, JCAP 1104:006, (2011)
2) Tobias Baldauf, Uros Seljak, Leonardo Senatore, Matias Zaldarriaga, Galaxy Bias
and non-Linear Structure Formation in General Relativity, arXiv:1106.5507, JCAP
1110:031, (2011)
3) Vladimir V. Bazhanov, Rouven Frassek , Tomasz Łukowski, Carlo Meneghelli,
Matthias Staudacher, Baxter Q-operators and representations of Yangians, arXiv:
1010.3699, Nucl.Phys.B850:148-174, (2011)
4) Ka Shing Man, Yongseok Oh, and K. Nakayama, Role of high-spin hyperon resonances
in the reaction of γ p → K+K+ −, arXiv: 1103.1699, Phys.Rev.C83:055201, (2011)
5) Seung Ki Baek, Petter Minnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim, Kosterlitz-Thouless transition
of magnetic dipoles on the two-dimensional plane, Phys. Rev. B 83, 184409 (2011)
6) Seung Ki Baek, Harri M¨akel¨, Petter Minnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim, Critical
temperatures of the three- and four-state Potts models on the kagome lattice, Phys. Rev.
E 83, 061104 (2011)
7) Jaegon Um, Petter Minnhagen, and Beom Jun Kim, Synchronization in
interdependent networks, arXiv:1106.6276, Chaos 21, 025106 (2011)
8) Seung Ki Baek, Petter Minnhagen and Beom Jun Kim, The ten thousand Kims, New J.
Phys. 13 073036, (2011)
9) Niko Jokela, Gilad Lifschytz and Matthew Lippert, Magneto-roton excitation in a
holographic quantum Hall fluid, ArXiv: 1012.1230, JHEP 1102:104 (2011)
10) Niko Jokela, Matti Jarvinen, Matthew Lippert, A holographic quantum Hall model at
integer filling , ArXiv :1101.3329, JHEP 1105:101 (2011)
11) Chanil Jeon, Hawoong Jeong, and Youngkyun Jung, Nanoscale spiral flow in a
cylindrical channel, Phys. Rev. E 83, 056324 (2011)
12) Michael Kiermaier, Yuji Okawa, and Pablo Soler, Solutions from boundary condition
changing operators in open string field theory, ArXiv:1009.6185, JHEP 1103:122(2011)
APCTP Status Report 2011
124
13) Jae-Weon Lee, Quantum mechanics emerges from information theory applied to causal
horizons, ArXiv:1005.2739, Found.Phys.41:744-753 (2011)
14) Chiung Hwang, Hyungchul Kim, Kyung-Jae Park, Jaemo Park, Index computation
for 3d Chern-Simons matter theory: test of Seiberg-like duality, ArXiv: 1107.4942, JHEP
1109:037(2011)
15) Heeyeon Kim, Jaemo Park, Zhaolong Wang, Piljin Yi, Ab Initio Wall-Crossing,
ArXiv: :1107.0723, JHEP (2011)
16) Hee-Cheol Kim, Seok Kim, Kimyeong Lee and Jaemo Park, Emergent Schrodinger
geometries from mass-deformed CFT, ArXiv: 1106.4309, JHEP 1108: 111 (2011)
17) Sangmo Cheon, Dongmin Gang, Seok Kim and Jaemo Park, Refined test of
AdS4/CFT3 correspondence for N=2,3 theories, ArXiv: 1102.4273, JHEP 1105:027 (2011)
18) Chiung Hwang, Kyung-Jae Park, Jaemo Park, Evidences for Aharony duality for
orthogonal gauge groups, arXiv:1109.2828, JHEP 1111:011 (2011)
19) Enrique Moreno M´endez, Gerald E. Brown, Chang-Hwan Lee, and Frederick M.
Walter, Kerr Parameters for Stellar Mass Black Holes and Their Consequences for
Gamma-ray Bursts and Hypernovae, ApJ 727:29 (2011)
20) Kyungmin Kim, Hyun Kyu Lee,and Mannque Rho, Dense stellar matter with strange
quark matter driven by kaon condensation, Phys. Rev. C 84, arXiv:1102.5167, 035810
(2011)
21) L. Bonora, C. Maccaferri, D.D. Tolla, Relevant Deformations in Open String Field
Theory: a Simple Solution for Lumps, arXiv:1009.4158, JHEP 1111:107 (2011)
22) Haewoon Kwak and Sue Moon, Young-Ho Eom, Yoonchan Choi, Hawoong Jeong,
Consistent Community Identi¯cation in Complex Networks, arXiv:0910.1508, JKPS
59:3128-3132 (2011)
23) Jin-Hong Park and Jung Hoon Han, Zero-temperature phases for chiral magnets in
three dimensions, arXiv:1012.0638, Phys. Rev. B 83, 184406 (2011)
24) Soo Hyun Cho and Ji-Woo Lee, Quantum Phase Transitions in an Ionic Hubbard
Model in One Dimension, JKPS 59:2765-2769 (2011)
25) Youngone Lee, Gungwon Kang, Hyeong-Chan Kim, and Jungjai Lee, String or
brane-like solutions in four-dimensional Einstein gravity in the presence of cosmological
constant, arXiv:1108.3031, Phys. Rev. D 84, 084042 (2011)
APCTP Status Report 2011
125
26) Yun, Jae Hyun; Bok, Jin Mo; Choi, Han-Yong; Zhang, Wentao; Zhou, X. J.; Varma,
Chandra M., Analysis of laser angle-resolved photoemission spectra of
Ba2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ in the superconducting, arXiv:1012.0638, Phys. Rev. B 84, 104521
(2011)
27) Hyun Keun Lee, Beom Jun Kim, Dissolution of traffic jam via additional local
interactions, arXiv:1012.0638, Physica A 390, 4555-4561 (2011)
28) Anton Kapustin, Hyungchul Kim, Jaemo Park, Dualities for 3d Theories with Tensor
Matter, arXiv:1110.2547, JHEP 1112:087 (2011)
29) Changrim Ahn and Plamen Bozhilov, Three-point Correlation Function of Giant
Magnons in the Lunin-Maldacena background., arXiv:1106.5656, Phys. Rev. D 84,
126011 (2011)
30) Frederico Arroja, Antonio Enea Romano, and Misao Sasaki, Large and strong scale
dependent bispectrum in single field inflation from a sharp feature in the mass.,
arXiv:1106.5384, Phys. Rev. D 84, 123503 (2011)
APCTP Status Report 2011
126
VIII.
Photos in 2011
APCTP Status Report 2011
127
Photos of APCTP
Topical Research Programs
Conferences & Workshops
Schools
Focus Programs
JRG Workshops
Uzbekistan, New Membership of APCTP
APCTP Tea-Time
APCTP Retreat
APCTP Status Report 2011
128
Distinguished Lecture
Science Communication Forum/Lecture
Science in City Hall
APCTP Status Report 2011
Physics in Library
Science Communication School
Pohang Family Science Festival
129