Download PBS Lesson 4.1 Review

Heart Structure
PBS Lesson 4.1
EQ1: What are the structures that
make up the human heart and how are
they organized?
Structure of the Heart
• Upper Chambers are called atria.
• Lower Chambers are called ventricles.
• Left side is Oxygenated.
• Right side is DEoxygenated.
Chambers of the Heart
EQ2: How do the heart and
lungs work together to pick up
and deliver oxygen to the cells?
• The cardiovascular system is responsible for carrying
oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away
carbon dioxide and other wastes.
• The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to
the lungs to unload CO2 and pick up O2.
• The systemic circulation carries blood throughout the body.
Lungs = Pulmonary
Heart = Cardiac
Body = Systemic
• In the lungs, the blood picks up Oxygen.
• The blood then flows to the heart, which pumps the Oxygen
rich blood to the whole body.
• The body tissues uses the Oxygen and dumps Carbon Dioxide
back into the blood.
• This Oxygen Poor blood now flows back to the other side of
the heart.
• The heart pumps this Oxygen poor blood to the lungs, which
infuse it with Oxygen again.
• The cycle begins again.
EQ3: What is the pathway
that blood takes as it
passes through the heart?
Circulation
Remember the Heart Box
EQ4: What is
the function of
valves in the
heart?
Function is to prevent the backflow of blood.
• The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of
blood into the atria.
• Tricuspid- Right atrium to right ventricle.
• Mitral (Bicuspid)- Left atrium to left ventricle.
• The semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood into the
ventricles.
• Aortic- Left ventricle to aorta.
• Pulmonary- Right ventricle to pulmonary artery.
Valves
The valves of the heart
(open)
The valves of the heart
(closed)
EQ5: How does the
structure of arteries
and veins relate to
their functions?
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• High Pressure
• Pulmonary trunk to lungs
• Aorta to whole body
• Microcirculation is where exchange occurs.
• Arterioles feed the capillaries.
• Capillaries exchange with the tissues.
• Venules receive capillary blood.
• Veins bring it back to the heart.
• Low pressure
Veins vs. Arteries
Notice the relatively thick wall of the artery (blood under high pressure), compared to
the relatively thin wall of the vein (blood under low pressure).
Also notice the size of the lumen.
“Structure relates to function”
• Superior Vena Cava (Vein): Upper body to heart,
deoxygenated.
• Inferior Vena Cava (Vein): Lower body to heart,
deoxygenated.
• Pulmonary Veins: Lungs to heart, oxygenated.
• Aorta (Artery): Heart to body, oxygenated.
• Pulmonary Arteries: Heart to lungs, deoxygenated.
Major Vessels
• Poor Anna!
Autopsy Report
Pacemaker
Issues with heart
rhythm require a
pacemaker to maintain
a normal rhythm.
Heart Malfunctions
Visible with an X-Ray
• Enlarged Heart (Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy)
•
•
•
•
L.V. works too hard and becomes overly thick.
Due to high blood pressure and obesity.
Coronary arteries can cut off the blood supply to the heart.
Linked to heart attacks, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
Internal Heart
Malfunctions
• Mitral Valve Prolapse
• Mitral valve doesn’t close properly.
• Can lead to mitral valve regurgitation (some blood flows
back into the L.A.).
• Complications include arrhythmias and heart valve infection
(endocarditis)
Internal Heart
Malfunctions
• Stent in Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
• Coronary arteries are blocked ; stent opens up the vessels to
allow for blood flow.
• Atherosclerosis
• The formation of plaques on the inside of vessels.
• Excess of cholesterol deposited on the inside of arteries
supplying both the heart and the brain.
• Complications include heart attack and stroke.
• Peripheral Vascular Disease
• Plaques are beginning to form in the vessels of the legs.
Internal Heart
Malfunctions
Statins
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors:
class of drugs used to lower
cholesterol levels by inhibiting the
enzyme HMG-CoA reductase,
which plays a central role in the
production of cholesterol in the
liver, which produces about 70
percent of total cholesterol in the
body.
ACE Inhibitors
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme
inhibitor: a pharmaceutical drug
used primarily for the treatment of
hypertension (elevated blood
pressure) and congestive heart
failure (CHF).
Heart Disease
Medications