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The Road to Reconstruction Douglass’ fight for equality Frederick Douglass and the abolitionists argued that the goal of the Civil War was to end slavery. Emancipation and the ending of slavery was ratified by passage of the 13th Amendment, which also citizenship to freedom. The 14th Amendment provided for civil rights for all people and equal protection under the law. The 15th Amendment protected all citizens from being discriminated against in voting because of race. April 9, 1865 – Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse After his victory over the Confederate Army in Richmond/Petersburg, General Ulysses S. Grant called upon Robert E. Lee to surrender. On April 9, the two generals met at Appomattox Courthouse, and agreed on the surrender terms of Lee’s army. Lee’s men were sent home on parole – soldiers with their horses, and officers with their side arms. The fighting of the Civil War was over almost four years to the day that the war began on April 12, 1861. “After four years of arduous service marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.” -General Robert E. Lee, Army of Northern Virginia, C.S.A April 14, 1865 – Assassination of Abraham Lincoln President Abraham Lincoln sought to make the reconstruction of the United States back into one united nation as quickly and painlessly as possible. Northerners had saved the Union but were angry at the Southerners and thought there should be harsh consequences for the south, whom they blamed for the tragedy that was the Civil War. As a result, Southerners were upset over losing the war and felt bitterness towards Northerners. Lincoln’s assassination at Ford’s Theater on April 14, 1865 left the country in turmoil as his successor, Vice President Andrew Johnson, struggled to maintain order. Directions: Using the information above answer the following questions. 1. What did Frederick Douglass and other Abolitionists feel was the goal of the Civil War? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. When was the surrender of Appomattox Courthouse? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Who were the two generals that met for the surrender at Appomattox? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What happened on April 14, 1865? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Where was Lincoln assassinated? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. With the war over and Lincoln dead, the country was faced with difficult times. Who became president after his assassination? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7. The citizens of the United States will react differently to the war being over. How did… Northerners feel? _______________________________________________________________________ Southerners feel? _______________________________________________________________________