Download Endocrine Disorders

Endocrine Disorders
System Review
• Simply put, endocrinology is the study of
endocrine glands. Endocrine glands are a
group of glands in the body which secrete
hormones. The purpose of the secreted
hormones is to evoke a specific response in
other cells of the body which are located
far away. As shown in the picture, the
hormones are secreted into the blood
stream giving them access to all other
cells of the body.
Examples of Endocrine Glands and
Their Hormones
•
•
•
Thyroid Gland. Located in the front of the neck. Secretes thyroid
hormone.
Purpose: Regulate the body's overall metabolism.
parathyroid, parathyroid surgery, parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid Glands. There are 4 parathyroid glands located behind the
thyroid. Secretes parathyroid hormone. parathyroid, parathyroid surgery,
parathyroid hormone
Purpose: Absolute control over calcium levels throughout the body.
parathyroid, parathyroid surgery, parathyroid hormone
Adrenal Glands. There are 2 adrenal glands located on the top of each
kidney. Inner part secretes adrenaline, outer part secretes aldosterone
and cortisol.
Purpose: Maintain salt levels in the blood, maintain blood pressure, help
control kidney function, control overall fluid concentrations in the body.
parathyroid, parathyroid surgery, parathyroid hormone
• Neuroendocrine Glands of the Pancreas. Located deep in
the abdomen behind the stomach, the pancreas is primarily
a digestive organ. It also contains extremely important
endocrine cells which secrete: insulin, glucagon,
somatostatin, and others.
Purpose: Control blood sugar and overall glucose
metabolism, help control other endocrine cells of the
digestive tract. parathyroid, parathyroid surgery,
parathyroid hormone
• Pituitary Gland. The pituitary is located at the base of the
brain. Secretes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH), adrenocotropic hormone
(ACTH), and others. parathyroid, parathyroid surgery,
parathyroid hormone
Purpose: Control the activity of many other endocrine
glands (thyroid, ovaries, adrenal, etc.). parathyroid,
parathyroid surgery, parathyroid hormone
The Thyroid
• The function of the thyroid
therefore is to regulate the body's
metabolism.
Common Thyroid
Problems
1. A thyroid goiter is a dramatic
enlargement of the thyroid gland.
• Caused by lack of iodine in a persons
diet
2. Hyperthyroidism is the medical term
to describe the signs and symptoms
associated with an over production of
thyroid hormone
Symptoms include:
Palpitations
Fast heart rate
Heat intolerance
Trembling hands
Nervousness
Weight loss
Insomnia
Muscle weakness
Breathlessness
Warm moist skin
Increased bowel
Hair loss
movements
Staring gaze
Light or absent menstrual
periods
Fatigue
3. Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the
body lacks sufficient thyroid hormone.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism:
Fatigue
Muscle cramps and
Weakness
frequent muscle aches
Weight gain or increased
Constipation
difficulty losing weight
Depression
Coarse, dry hair
Irritability
Dry, rough pale skin
Memory loss
Hair loss
Abnormal menstrual
Cold intolerance (can't
cycles
tolerate the cold like those Decreased libido
around you)