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2/28/2017 CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM CRASH COURSE A&P #11 THE HUMAN BRAIN Biology Chapter 31 THE BRAIN & SPINAL CORD • The control point of the nervous system is the brain. • Each of the major areas of the brain – the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem – are responsible for processing and relaying information. THE CEREBRUM • The spinal cord in the main communication link between the brain and the rest of the body. THE CEREBRUM • The largest region of the human brain. • The cerebrum is responsible for the voluntary, or conscious, activities of the body. • It is also the site of intelligence, learning, and judgement. THE CEREBRUM: FRONTAL LOBE • The frontal lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for evaluating consequences, making judgements, and forming plans. • Split into 2 hemispheres that are connected by a band of tissue called the corpus callosum. • Each hemisphere is divided into 4 regions or lobes: frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and occipital lobe. 1 2/28/2017 THE CEREBRUM: TEMPORAL LOBE • The temporal lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for hearing and smell. THE CEREBRUM: PARIETAL LOBE • The parietal lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for reading and speech. THE CEREBRUM: OCCIPITAL LOBE • The occipital lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for vision. THE CEREBELLUM THE CEREBELLUM • The second largest region of the brain is the cerebellum. • Information about muscle and joint position, as well as other sensory inputs, are sent to the cerebellum. THE BRAIN STEM • The cerebellum coordinates and balances the actions of muscles. • The cerebellum learns the movements and coordinates the actions of activities like hitting a golf ball or threading a needle. 2 2/28/2017 THE BRAIN STEM THE BRAIN STEM • The brain stem connects the brain to the spinal cord. • The brain stem includes 3 regions: the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. • Each of these regions regulates the flow of information between the brain and the rest of the body. • The brain stem does the work of keeping the body functioning even when you have lost consciousness due to sleep or injury. THE BRAIN STEM: MIDBRAIN • The midbrain region of the brain stem controls responses to sight, eye movement, pupil dilation, body movement, and hearing. THE BRAIN STEM: PONS • The pons region of the brain stem is responsible for motor control and sensory analysis. It relays information between the cerebrum and cerebellum. THE BRAIN STEM: MEDULLA OBLONGATA • The medulla oblongata region of the brain stem controls autonomic functions such as breathing and heart rate. 3