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Chapter 21 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Agnes Yard and Michael Yard Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The superior vena cava opens into the ________ portion of the ________. a. posterior superior, left atrium b. posterior inferior, right atrium c. posterior inferior, left atrium d. posterior superior, right atrium Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following statements regarding cardiac muscle tissue is/are false? a. Cardiocytes average 10–20 µm in diameter and 50–100 µm in length. b. Cardiac muscle cells are connected by gap junctions, creating an indirect electrical connection. c. Myofibrils in muscle cells anchor firmly to the sarcolemma at the intercalated disc. d. None of the above is false. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The serous membrane of the ________ is reinforced by an outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue containing abundant ________. a. visceral pericardium, collagen fibers b. visceral pericardium, elastic fibers c. parietal pericardium, collagen fibers d. parietal pericardium, elastic fibers Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following statements regarding the cardiac cycle is/are false? a. The atrioventricular and semilunar valves help ensure a one-way flow of blood despite pressure oscillations. b. Blood will flow from a ventricle into an arterial trunk only as long as the semilunar valve is open, and arterial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure. c. Blood will flow out of an atrium only as long as the atrioventricular valve is open, and atrial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure. d. None of the above is false. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following statements regarding cardiac muscle tissue is/are false? a. The sarcoplasm of a cardiac muscle cell contains hundreds of mitochondria and abundant reserves of myoglobin. b. Cardiocytes typically have a single, centrally placed nucleus. c. Cardiac muscle cells contract without instructions from the nervous system. d. None of the above is false. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following features is/are not associated with the right atrium? a. conus arteriosus b. pectinate muscles c. auricle d. fossa ovalis Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings What is the term for the outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue that reinforces a deeper membranous layer? a. visceral pericardium b. fibrous pericardium c. pericardial sac d. parietal pericardium Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Physical isolation of atrial muscle cells from ventricular muscle cells is a function of which of the following? a. the Purkinje fibers b. the fibrous skeleton c. the bundle of His d. the internodal fibers Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following valves is/are found between the right atrium and the right ventricle? a. tricuspid valve b. mitral valve c. bicuspid valve d. b and c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A chamber fills with blood and prepares for the start of the next cardiac cycle during which of the following? a. systole b. autorhythmicity period c. diastole d. cardioinhibitory period Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which portion of the heart is the site where the heart is attached to the major arteries and veins of the systemic and pulmonary circuits? a. apex b. sternocostal surface c. diaphragmatic surface d. base Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following correctly describes the left ventricle? a. The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular systole. b. The extra-thick myocardium of the left ventricle enables it to develop enough pressure to force blood around the entire systemic circuit. c. The internal organization of the left ventricle resembles that of the right ventricle, which contains more prominent trabeculae carneae. d. There are two large papillary muscles, rather than three, which are associated with a moderator band. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following indicates a condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal? a. bradycardia b. cardiomyopathy c. tachycardia d. cardiac arrhythmia Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following layers of the heart wall is relatively thin, and contains layers that form figureeights as they pass from atrium to atrium? a. atrial endocardium b. ventricular myocardium c. atrial epicardium d. atrial myocardium Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following terms describes the network of vessels which carries carbon dioxide–rich blood from the heart to the lungs, and returns oxygen-rich blood to the heart? a. systemic circuit b. ventricular circuit c. pulmonary circuit d. aortic circuit Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following statements regarding the sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes is/are true? a. Under normal resting conditions, sympathetic activity reduces the heart rate from the inherent nodal rate of 80–100 impulses per minute to 70–80 beats per minute. b. Any factor that changes either the resting potential or the rate of spontaneous depolarization at the SA node will alter the heart rate. c. When norepinephrine is released by sympathetic neurons, the rate of hyperpolarization increases, and the heart rate accelerates. d. b and c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The ________ drains blood into the right atrium inferior to the opening of the ________. a. coronary sinus, superior vena cava b. fossa ovalis, inferior vena cava c. coronary sinus, inferior vena cava d. inferior vena cava, coronary sinus Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following structures of the heart wall functions in providing elasticity that helps return the heart to its original shape after each contraction? a. myocardium b. visceral pericardium c. fibrous pericardium d. fibrous skeleton Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following describes the serous membrane portion that is in direct contact with the heart? a. fibrous pericardium b. parietal pericardium c. visceral pericardium d. pericardial sac Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomically, the atrioventricular node sits within the floor of the ________ near the opening of the ________. a. right atrium, coronary sinus b. left ventricle, middle cardiac vein c. left atrium, coronary sinus d. right ventricle, middle cardiac vein Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings From the fifth week of embryonic development until birth, the foramen ovale permits blood flow directly between which chambers? a. the right and left atria b. the right atrium and right ventricle c. the right and left ventricles d. the left atrium and left ventricle Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The autonomic centers for cardiac control are found in which area? a. the cardiac centers of the medulla oblongata b. the hypothalamic cardiac centers c. the cardiac centers of the pons d. the hippocampal cardiac centers Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which of the following forms most of the posterior surface of the heart superior to the coronary sulcus? a. right atrium b. left atrium c. right ventricle d. left ventricle Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Which vessel(s) collects blood from smaller veins draining the myocardial capillaries, and delivers this blood to the coronary sinus? a. anterior cardiac vein b. great cardiac vein c. middle cardiac vein d. b and c Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The heart valves are covered by which of the following layers of squamous epithelium? a. endocardium b. myocardium c. epicardium d. fibrous pericardium Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings