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Chapter
21
The
Cardiovascular
System: The
Heart
PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by Agnes Yard and
Michael Yard
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
The superior vena cava opens into the ________
portion of the ________.
a. posterior superior, left atrium
b. posterior inferior, right atrium
c. posterior inferior, left atrium
d. posterior superior, right atrium
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following statements regarding cardiac
muscle tissue is/are false?
a. Cardiocytes average 10–20 µm in diameter
and 50–100 µm in length.
b. Cardiac muscle cells are connected by gap
junctions, creating an indirect electrical
connection.
c. Myofibrils in muscle cells anchor firmly to
the sarcolemma at the intercalated disc.
d. None of the above is false.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The serous membrane of the ________ is reinforced by
an outer layer of dense, irregular connective tissue
containing abundant ________.
a. visceral pericardium, collagen fibers
b. visceral pericardium, elastic fibers
c. parietal pericardium, collagen fibers
d. parietal pericardium, elastic fibers
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following statements regarding the
cardiac cycle is/are false?
a. The atrioventricular and semilunar valves help ensure
a one-way flow of blood despite pressure oscillations.
b. Blood will flow from a ventricle into an arterial trunk
only as long as the semilunar valve is open, and
arterial pressure exceeds ventricular pressure.
c. Blood will flow out of an atrium only as long as the
atrioventricular valve is open, and atrial pressure
exceeds ventricular pressure.
d. None of the above is false.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following statements regarding cardiac
muscle tissue is/are false?
a. The sarcoplasm of a cardiac muscle cell
contains hundreds of mitochondria and
abundant reserves of myoglobin.
b. Cardiocytes typically have a single, centrally
placed nucleus.
c. Cardiac muscle cells contract without
instructions from the nervous system.
d. None of the above is false.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following features is/are not associated
with the right atrium?
a. conus arteriosus
b. pectinate muscles
c. auricle
d. fossa ovalis
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
What is the term for the outer layer of dense, irregular
connective tissue that reinforces a deeper membranous
layer?
a. visceral pericardium
b. fibrous pericardium
c. pericardial sac
d. parietal pericardium
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Physical isolation of atrial muscle cells from ventricular
muscle cells is a function of which of the following?
a. the Purkinje fibers
b. the fibrous skeleton
c. the bundle of His
d. the internodal fibers
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following valves is/are found between the
right atrium and the right ventricle?
a. tricuspid valve
b. mitral valve
c. bicuspid valve
d. b and c
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
A chamber fills with blood and prepares for the start of
the next cardiac cycle during which of the following?
a. systole
b. autorhythmicity period
c. diastole
d. cardioinhibitory period
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which portion of the heart is the site where the heart is
attached to the major arteries and veins of the systemic
and pulmonary circuits?
a. apex
b. sternocostal surface
c. diaphragmatic surface
d. base
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following correctly describes the left
ventricle?
a. The pulmonary semilunar valve prevents the backflow
of blood into the left ventricle during ventricular
systole.
b. The extra-thick myocardium of the left ventricle
enables it to develop enough pressure to force blood
around the entire systemic circuit.
c. The internal organization of the left ventricle
resembles that of the right ventricle, which contains
more prominent trabeculae carneae.
d. There are two large papillary muscles, rather than
three, which are associated with a moderator band.
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following indicates a condition in which
the heart rate is slower than normal?
a. bradycardia
b. cardiomyopathy
c. tachycardia
d. cardiac arrhythmia
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following layers of the heart wall is
relatively thin, and contains layers that form figureeights as they pass from atrium to atrium?
a. atrial endocardium
b. ventricular myocardium
c. atrial epicardium
d. atrial myocardium
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following terms describes the network of
vessels which carries carbon dioxide–rich blood from
the heart to the lungs, and returns oxygen-rich blood to
the heart?
a. systemic circuit
b. ventricular circuit
c. pulmonary circuit
d. aortic circuit
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following statements regarding the
sinoatrial (SA) and atrioventricular (AV) nodes is/are
true?
a. Under normal resting conditions, sympathetic activity
reduces the heart rate from the inherent nodal rate of
80–100 impulses per minute to 70–80 beats per
minute.
b. Any factor that changes either the resting potential or
the rate of spontaneous depolarization at the SA node
will alter the heart rate.
c. When norepinephrine is released by sympathetic
neurons, the rate of hyperpolarization increases, and
the heart rate accelerates.
d. b and c
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The ________ drains blood into the right atrium
inferior to the opening of the ________.
a. coronary sinus, superior vena cava
b. fossa ovalis, inferior vena cava
c. coronary sinus, inferior vena cava
d. inferior vena cava, coronary sinus
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following structures of the heart wall
functions in providing elasticity that helps return the
heart to its original shape after each contraction?
a. myocardium
b. visceral pericardium
c. fibrous pericardium
d. fibrous skeleton
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following describes the serous membrane
portion that is in direct contact with the heart?
a. fibrous pericardium
b. parietal pericardium
c. visceral pericardium
d. pericardial sac
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Anatomically, the atrioventricular node sits within the
floor of the ________ near the opening of the ________.
a. right atrium, coronary sinus
b. left ventricle, middle cardiac vein
c. left atrium, coronary sinus
d. right ventricle, middle cardiac vein
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
From the fifth week of embryonic development until
birth, the foramen ovale permits blood flow directly
between which chambers?
a. the right and left atria
b. the right atrium and right ventricle
c. the right and left ventricles
d. the left atrium and left ventricle
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The autonomic centers for cardiac control are found in
which area?
a. the cardiac centers of the medulla oblongata
b. the hypothalamic cardiac centers
c. the cardiac centers of the pons
d. the hippocampal cardiac centers
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which of the following forms most of the posterior
surface of the heart superior to the coronary sulcus?
a. right atrium
b. left atrium
c. right ventricle
d. left ventricle
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Which vessel(s) collects blood from smaller veins
draining the myocardial capillaries, and delivers this
blood to the coronary sinus?
a. anterior cardiac vein
b. great cardiac vein
c. middle cardiac vein
d. b and c
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The heart valves are covered by which of the following
layers of squamous epithelium?
a. endocardium
b. myocardium
c. epicardium
d. fibrous pericardium
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings