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SAD Dissociative Fugue Disorders in pop-culture As Good as it Gets Copycat Talladega Nights What about Bob Defining disorders 1) Deviant 2) Distressful 3) Dysfunctional Patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors Understanding disorders & perspectives Medical Model—approaching abnormal psychology as a disease that has symptoms, and can be diagnosed and treated. Psychoanalytic Model— disorders are expressions of internal conflict Cognitive-Behavioral Model— disorders are the development of learning maladaptive behaviors…which can be unlearned. Integrated Models Diathesis-stress model— suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress Systems approach— (biopsychosocial) suggests that disorders are lifestyle diseases—reduces the emphasis on predisposition Terms to know… Etiology—cause Comorbidity— co-occurence of two or more disorders in a singe individual Insanity—legal not medical Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology Multiple Personality Disorder (DID) Constructed memories Exists primarily in the US Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology Post Traumatic Stress Disorder The Purple Heart is not given to soldiers diagnosed with PTSD because it is not a physical wound. Psychological stigma Why so prevalent now? Controversial Topics in Abnormal Psychology Cultural/Gender Bias in diagnosis ADHD/ODD Histrionic Personality Disorder— attention seeking, provocative, heightened sexual activity Anxiety Disorders GAD Phobias Panic disorders OCD Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder Mania and depressed states Treated with lithium Virginia Woolf, Winston Churchill, Ernest Hemmingway, Teddy Roosevelt Depressive Disorders Major Depressive Disorder SAD “learned helplessness theory” SSRI Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Amnesia—loss of memory of significant personal information Dissociative Fugue—loss of memory of one’s personal history along with an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity Developmental Disorders ADHD Conduct Disorders (ODD) Learning Disorders Communication Disorders Autism—impairment in communication and social interaction (can be considered an emotional deficit) Personality Disorders Odd/Eccentric Schizotypal, Paranoid, Schizoid Dramatic/erratic— antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic Anxious/inhibited— avoidant or dependant personality disorders Schizophrenia Schizophrenia One of the most devastating and mystifying of the mental disorders Occurs in roughly 1% of the population Effects men slightly more than women Late onset disorder Symptoms of Schizophrenia Delusion—false belief, often bizarre, grandiose, and/or persecution. Hallucination—false perceptual experience (i.e., hearing voices Disorganized speech— severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently Grossly disorganized behavior—behavior that is inappropriate for the situation Negative Symptoms— emotional and social withdrawal, apathy, etc…aka, and absence of certain normal behavior or motivation Types of Schizophrenia Paranoid Type— characterized by absurd illogical delusions, vivid hallucinations, resulting in poor judgment and dangerous behaviors “A Beautiful Mind” John Nash Types of Schizophrenia Catatonic Type— characterized by alternating periods of extreme withdrawal and extreme excitement Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Type—a more severe disintegration of the personality. Emotional distortion is typically manifested in inappropriate laughter, peculiar mannerisms, bizarre often obscene behavior. Types of Schizophrenia Undifferentiated Type— displays symptoms of previous three types Residual Type—mild symptoms following a more intense episode Biological Factors Dopamine hypothesis Strong genetic component Treated with dopamine blocking medication— antipsychotics 2 to 3 times more likely to smoke—self medicating? Answers for treatment? Tardive Dyskinesia Positive Psychology Martin Seligman—human happiness and virtue deserve the same attention as disorders What creates happiness? Genetics Friends Money Comes from goodness Types of therapists Psychologist Psychiatrist Social Worker Counselor The stuff we used to do… Hydrotherapy = waterboarding Lobotomies Blood letting Cocaine Shock therapy Types of Modern Therapy Psychodynamic Therapy 29% of therapy Why we still talk about Freud Dream Analysis Free Association Projective Tests Types of Therapy Behavioral Therapy Focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors into more constructive ones Token economy— Exposure Therapy— systematic desensitization Exposure hierarchy Aversive conditioning Types of Therapy Humanistic/Existential Therapies Person Centered Therapy: Rogers Active listening— paraphrase, clarification, reflect feelings Unconditional positive regard Gestalt Therapy: the whole person/situation—role playing Types of Therapy Cognitive Therapy Involves teaching clients to change belief patterns. CBT—Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; very effective in treating depression, and anxiety. Aaron Beck + Dalai Lama Types of Therapy Group Therapy Couple and family therapy Substance abuse Divorce support Drug Therapies Psychopharmacology Antipsychotic drugs— Schizophrenia—dopamine Anti--anxiety medications Increase GABA High risk of tolerance development Withdrawal causes anxiety, so… Drug Therapies Antidepressants and mood stabilizers Connections to suicide? SSRIs Serotonin and Norepinephrine