Download Psychological Disorders and Treatment

SAD
Dissociative Fugue
Disorders in pop-culture
 As Good as it
Gets
 Copycat
 Talladega Nights
 What about Bob
Defining disorders
 1) Deviant
 2) Distressful
 3) Dysfunctional
 Patterns of
thoughts, feelings,
or behaviors
Understanding disorders &
perspectives
 Medical Model—approaching
abnormal psychology as a
disease that has symptoms, and
can be diagnosed and treated.
 Psychoanalytic Model—
disorders are expressions of
internal conflict
 Cognitive-Behavioral Model—
disorders are the development
of learning maladaptive
behaviors…which can be
unlearned.
Integrated Models
 Diathesis-stress model—
suggests that a person may
be predisposed for a
mental disorder that
remains unexpressed until
triggered by stress
 Systems approach—
(biopsychosocial) suggests
that disorders are lifestyle
diseases—reduces the
emphasis on predisposition
Terms to know…
 Etiology—cause
 Comorbidity—
co-occurence of
two or more
disorders in a singe
individual
 Insanity—legal not
medical
Controversial Topics in
Abnormal Psychology
 Multiple Personality
Disorder (DID)
 Constructed memories
 Exists primarily in the
US
Controversial Topics in
Abnormal Psychology
 Post Traumatic
Stress Disorder
 The Purple Heart is
not given to soldiers
diagnosed with PTSD
because it is not a
physical wound.
 Psychological stigma
 Why so prevalent
now?
Controversial Topics in
Abnormal Psychology
 Cultural/Gender
Bias in diagnosis
 ADHD/ODD
 Histrionic
Personality
Disorder—
attention seeking,
provocative,
heightened sexual
activity
Anxiety Disorders
 GAD
 Phobias
 Panic disorders
 OCD
Mood Disorders
 Bipolar Disorder
 Mania and depressed states
 Treated with lithium
 Virginia Woolf, Winston
Churchill, Ernest Hemmingway,
Teddy Roosevelt
 Depressive Disorders
 Major Depressive Disorder
 SAD
 “learned helplessness theory”
 SSRI
Dissociative Disorders
 Dissociative Identity
Disorder
 Dissociative Amnesia—loss
of memory of significant
personal information
 Dissociative Fugue—loss of
memory of one’s personal
history along with an
abrupt departure from
home and the assumption
of a new identity
Developmental Disorders
 ADHD
 Conduct Disorders (ODD)
 Learning Disorders
 Communication Disorders
 Autism—impairment in
communication and social
interaction (can be
considered an emotional
deficit)
Personality Disorders
 Odd/Eccentric
 Schizotypal, Paranoid,
Schizoid
 Dramatic/erratic—
 antisocial, borderline,
histrionic, narcissistic
 Anxious/inhibited—
 avoidant or dependant
personality disorders
Schizophrenia
 Schizophrenia
 One of the most
devastating and
mystifying of the mental
disorders
 Occurs in roughly 1% of
the population
 Effects men slightly
more than women
 Late onset disorder
Symptoms of
Schizophrenia
 Delusion—false belief,
often bizarre, grandiose,
and/or persecution.
 Hallucination—false
perceptual experience (i.e.,
hearing voices
 Disorganized speech—
severe disruption of verbal
communication in which
ideas shift rapidly and
incoherently
 Grossly disorganized
behavior—behavior that is
inappropriate for the
situation
 Negative Symptoms—
emotional and social
withdrawal, apathy,
etc…aka, and absence of
certain normal behavior or
motivation
Types of Schizophrenia
 Paranoid Type—
characterized by
absurd illogical
delusions, vivid
hallucinations,
resulting in poor
judgment and
dangerous behaviors
 “A Beautiful Mind”
 John Nash
Types of Schizophrenia
 Catatonic Type—
characterized by
alternating periods of
extreme withdrawal
and extreme
excitement
Types of Schizophrenia
 Disorganized Type—a
more severe disintegration
of the personality.
Emotional distortion is
typically manifested in
inappropriate laughter,
peculiar mannerisms,
bizarre often obscene
behavior.
Types of Schizophrenia
 Undifferentiated Type—
displays symptoms of
previous three types
 Residual Type—mild
symptoms following a
more intense episode
Biological Factors
 Dopamine hypothesis
 Strong genetic component
 Treated with dopamine
blocking medication—
antipsychotics
 2 to 3 times more likely to
smoke—self medicating?
Answers for treatment?
 Tardive Dyskinesia
Positive Psychology
 Martin Seligman—human
happiness and virtue
deserve the same attention
as disorders
 What creates happiness?
 Genetics
 Friends
 Money
 Comes from goodness
Types of therapists
 Psychologist
 Psychiatrist
 Social Worker
 Counselor
The stuff we used to do…
 Hydrotherapy =
waterboarding
 Lobotomies
 Blood letting
 Cocaine
 Shock therapy
Types of Modern Therapy
 Psychodynamic
Therapy
 29% of therapy
 Why we still talk
about Freud
 Dream Analysis
 Free Association
 Projective Tests
Types of Therapy
 Behavioral Therapy
 Focuses on changing
maladaptive behaviors
into more
constructive ones
 Token economy—
 Exposure Therapy—
 systematic
desensitization
 Exposure hierarchy
 Aversive
conditioning
Types of Therapy
 Humanistic/Existential
Therapies
 Person Centered Therapy:
Rogers
 Active listening—
paraphrase, clarification,
reflect feelings
 Unconditional positive
regard
 Gestalt Therapy: the whole
person/situation—role
playing
Types of Therapy
 Cognitive Therapy
 Involves teaching clients to
change belief patterns.
 CBT—Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy; very effective in
treating depression, and
anxiety.
 Aaron Beck + Dalai Lama
Types of Therapy
 Group Therapy
 Couple and family
therapy
 Substance abuse
 Divorce support
Drug Therapies
 Psychopharmacology
 Antipsychotic drugs—
Schizophrenia—dopamine
 Anti--anxiety medications
 Increase GABA
 High risk of tolerance
development
 Withdrawal causes anxiety,
so…
Drug Therapies
 Antidepressants and mood
stabilizers
 Connections to suicide?
 SSRIs
 Serotonin and
Norepinephrine