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Transcript
Heart 2: Chambers Heart 1. Introduction to the Heart Chambers of the Heart The heart is composed of four well separated chambers. The two superior chambers are the atria (= entry halls) , and the two inferior chambers are the ventricles (= little bellies). The atria are the receiving chambers, they receive venous blood from systemic and pulmonary circulation and pump it down into the ventricles. The ventricles are the distributing chambers, they pump blood out of the heart into the peripheral circulation. The Atria 1/6 Heart 2: Chambers The there is aatria wrinkled are the pouch thin-walled like structure known ofslightly the as an heart.On the anterior surface of each atrium, auricle that its resemblance ittwo can hold ademarcating to greater a dog's volume ear. Each of blood. auricle increases (auri the =well capacity ear), so ofwall named each atrium because so of ht=250{/mgmediabot2} {mgmediabot2}path=http://anatomy2.mcmaster.ca/carr-vids/carr_heart_part2.flv|width=300|heig The right atrium through receives Deoxygenated blood from systemic as coronary circulations Superior & Inferior Vena cavae and coronary sinus, The shows ridges right called two atrium basic the is divisions, composed a smooth ofright achambers main posterior cavity and part an and auricle. an anterior Internally, part lined the by horizontal ofrespectively. this chamber pectinate muscles. fine margin the two parts of the wall isits known as the crista terminalis. left atrium receives Oxygenated blood from pulmonary circulation through four y veins Pulmonar from auricle. of The heart. four each Th The pulmonary lung). eleft interior atrium Similar veins of isthe tosituated open the left atrium into behind atrium, the is atrium smooth, the the right through left but atrium atrium the left and consists posterior auricle forms of possesses wall. the a as main greater cavity muscular part and of the an ridges. base (2 The Ventricles 2/6 Heart 2: Chambers The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk. pulmonary trunk The into oxygenated right and blood left pulmonary towards body arteries, through going the tolargest the right artery, and left lungs. left pumps Aorta. Internally, the walls of both ventricles areblood marked by irregular ofThe muscles, called ae carneae. trabecul Another group ofsplits cone-shaped muscles, the papillary muscles are projecting into the ventricular cavities from the walls for the theridges attachment of ventricle chordae tendineae the valve leaflets .to 3/6 Heart 2: Chambers The thickness ofthe the myocardium into chamber’s the adjacent function.Therefore, ventricles. both the of all atria the are four thin-walled chambers they heart only varies have according to pump to blood each Because atria. the ventricles pump blood to greater distances, their are thicker than those of the Although volumes distance pumps to ventricle blood flow of to is considerably blood, maintain the is right great lungs much the and distances the at larger right left lower same thicker ventricles side and to pressure: rate than has all theother of a left act the blood much the ventricle as wall parts two resistance flow. lighter of ofseparate the the has Therefore, workload. right body to towork ventricle. pumps blood atas the aof much Itwalls higher only flow muscular thatharder pumps issimultaneously pressure.The small. wall than blood The of the the left a right short resistance eject left ventricle equal In cavity cross isblood section, circular. right ventricular cavity is roughly crescent shaped, while, the left ventricular Partitions or Septa of the Heart 4/6 Heart 2: Chambers The right and Left Atrial cavities are completely separated from each other by an ‘interatrial septum’ . The septum runs from the anterior wall of the heart backward and to the right. The right atrial surface of the septum shows a smooth depression known as Fossa Ovalis, representing the spot where an opening , the foramen ovale, existed in the fetal life. The right and left ventricular cavities are separated by an interventricular septum which is muscular in its lower part and membranous in its upper portion. This septum is placed obliquely, with one surfacing forward and to the right and the other facing backward and to the left. The upper membranous part of the septum is attached to the fibrous skeleton of the heart. 5/6 Heart 2: Chambers Question: What are the consequences of old age on cardiac musculature and its performance ? Proceed to Heart 3: Valves 6/6